V. Couillard, K. Chikhaoui, L. Duigou, Y. Guevel, J.M. Cadou
{"title":"Numerical investigations of the vibration damping properties of carbon/flax hybrid fiber-reinforced composite structures with perturbation method","authors":"V. Couillard, K. Chikhaoui, L. Duigou, Y. Guevel, J.M. Cadou","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of the present paper is to develop a numerical approach to model and simulate the vibratory behavior of carbon/flax hybrid fiber-reinforced composite structures. Carbon- and flax-fiber hybridization enables to take advantage of both the stiffness of the former and the damping capacity of the latter. The presence of flax fibers in hybrid composites results in a frequency-dependent viscoelastic behavior. Constitutive laws, such as hysteretic, Fractional derivative Zener and Generalized Maxwell, are used to take this viscoelasticity into account. The difference in material per layer, due to hybridization, implies the use of a different constitutive law per layer. The first challenge of these works is to be able to consider various materials, fiber orientations, layer thicknesses and constitutive laws in the modeling of hybrid composite structures. Then, in the case of free vibrations, the structural behavior is simulated to investigate the damping properties of hybrid composites. Damped natural frequencies and structural loss factors are computed. Perturbation technique is used to account for the nonlinear frequency-dependence arising from viscoelastic constitutive laws. In order to validate the proposed approach, examples from the literature are referred to.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 119479"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compression behavior of 1D and 2D aligned steel fiber reinforced cement-based composites","authors":"Mengdi Bi, Longbang Qing, Ru Mu, Mingqi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The compressive performance of steel fiber reinforced cement-based composites is highly affected by fiber orientation. In this study, specimens of cement-based composites with unidirectionally and two-dimensionally aligned steel fibers (1D-ASFRC and 2D-ASFRC) were manufactured based on electromagnetic field treatment, and the cubic compressive and prism uniaxial compressive test were conducted. The results showed that compared with randomly distributed steel fiber reinforced cement-based composites (SFRC), the cubic compressive strength of 1D-ASFRC and 2D-ASFRC was increased up to 9.4 % and 15.7 %, respectively. The uniaxial compressive strength of 2D-ASFRC and 1D-ASFRC rose by over 4 % and 8.9 %. Additionally, compression absorbed energy and compression toughness ratio were also observed an increasing trend for 1D-ASFRC and 2D-ASFRC. The fiber orientation influence coefficient was proposed to characterize the contribution of fiber orientation on the uniaxial compressive behavior, and the stress–strain constitutive models of SFRC, 1D-ASFRC and 2D-ASFRC were established. The failure patterns of 2D-ASFRC were found to be different from that of SFRC. A typical oblique shear failure mode can be observed in SFRC and 1D-ASFRC specimens, while 2D-ASFRC demonstrated the improved compression toughness with multiple discontinuous narrow cracks and without penetrating cracks. The reinforcement mechanism of 1D- and 2D- aligned steel fibers was revealed from fiber distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 119510"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated digital imaging technique for correlation of damage evolution and stiffness degradation in non-crimp fabric composite materials under cyclic loading","authors":"Erli Shi, John Montesano","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel integrated digital imaging technique was developed to automatically characterize damage and simultaneously monitor stiffness degradation in non-crimp fabric glass fiber/reactive thermoplastic cross-ply laminates subject to tension–tension cyclic loading. Under a peak stress of 50 % UTS, the laminate exhibited four distinct stages of stiffness degradation, including a significant drop during the first cycle due to 90° fiber tow crack initiation, a gradual decrease due to crack multiplication and propagation up to saturation, a stable phase comprising localized delamination crack propagation, and a sudden drop prior to specimen failure. Under a peak stress of 75 % UTS, both 0° and 90° fiber tow cracks developed during the first stage followed by an accelerated growth rate and reduced 90° tow crack density at saturation. The integrated digital imaging technique proved to effectively correlate damage events with stiffness degradation, leading to a deeper understanding of the fatigue behavior of glass fiber/thermoplastic composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 119513"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaming Ma , Hongru Zhang , Vahid Shobeiri , Yuting Zhong , Jianjun Zhang , Yu Bai , Dilan Robert , Yi Min Xie
{"title":"CFRP-confined rammed earth towards high-performance earth construction","authors":"Jiaming Ma , Hongru Zhang , Vahid Shobeiri , Yuting Zhong , Jianjun Zhang , Yu Bai , Dilan Robert , Yi Min Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rammed earth has traditionally been considered as a low-performance construction material. However, advancements in stabilization methods and construction techniques, combined with its inherent sustainability, have renewed interest in its use as a viable and sustainable building material. This study introduces a novel composite system that, for the first time, combines unstabilized rammed earth with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) confinement to significantly enhance the structural performance of rammed earth. The proposed composite system is investigated through axial compression tests with varying confinement thickness, carbon footprint evaluation, and life cycle cost assessment. The results demonstrate significant improvements in compressive strength and ductility, with strength values reaching 22.36 MPa, 64.38 MPa, and 75.68 MPa for 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm CFRP confinements, respectively. Compared to CFRP-confined concrete, CFRP-confined rammed earth offers superior ductility, reduced environmental impact, and enhanced economic viability. Additionally, a predictive model is developed to estimate the strength of the proposed composite. These findings highlight the potential of CFRP-confined rammed earth for high-performance and sustainable earth construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 119512"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Zakoworotny , Gavin DeBrun , Sameh H. Tawfick , Jeffery W. Baur , Philippe H. Geubelle
{"title":"Multiscale modeling of frontal polymerization in laminated and woven composites","authors":"Michael Zakoworotny , Gavin DeBrun , Sameh H. Tawfick , Jeffery W. Baur , Philippe H. Geubelle","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frontal polymerization (FP) of thermoset fiber-reinforced composites involves the propagation of a reaction front that cures the composite rapidly and efficiently. In this work, we present a numerical model based on a homogenized thermo-chemical framework to simulate FP in composites at the mesoscale by homogenizing the fiber and resin, and capture the impact of the composite morphology on the propagation of the polymerization front. We use homogenization principles to predict the average macroscopic front speed in the composite and compare the analytical models to the numerical solutions. The study involves two classes of composites - laminated and woven composites - and investigates the effect of the fiber volume fraction and composite design on the front speed. We find that finite-dimensional effects may cause the front speed to deviate from the homogenized prediction in composite laminates. Likewise, the front speed may exceed the homogenized prediction in woven composites due to the heterogeneity in resin distribution and the emergence of temperature overshoots at lower fiber volume fractions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 119488"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Chenxin Lin , Chengqian Dong , Xiguang Gao , Yingdong Song , Fang Wang
{"title":"Reliability prediction framework for woven CMCs structures based on multi-scale uncertainty and artificial neural networks","authors":"Yue Zhou , Sheng Zhang , Chenxin Lin , Chengqian Dong , Xiguang Gao , Yingdong Song , Fang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addressed the uncertainties in mesoscopic geometric and performance parameters of woven ceramic matrix composites induced during the weaving and densification processes. Based on the concept of multi-scale stochastic propagation, a neural network prediction method for structural reliability was proposed. Fiber tests were conducted to obtain the distributions of fiber modulus, strength, and radius, which were used to simulate the mesoscopic performance distribution of yarns. Mesoscopic geometric parameter distributions were derived from XCT, and the harmony search algorithm was employed to optimize parameter combinations. A dataset was established using multi-scale simulation methods. A two-level ANN reliability prediction surrogate model was developed, achieving an average prediction error of 3.81% for the structural failure load, with the predicted failure regions aligning with experimental results. Sensitivity analysis of mesoscopic parameters based on the PAWN and SHAP methods revealed that the minor-axis length has a significant influence on the structural failure load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 119507"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144696525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermo-mechanical stability analysis of FG composite beam-type structures with open thin-walled cross-sections considering temperature distributions","authors":"Sandra Kvaternik Simonetti, Domagoj Lanc, Goran Turkalj","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the stability behaviour of functionally graded (FG) thin-walled beam-type structures under thermo-mechanical loads. For this purpose, a geometrically nonlinear beam finite element formulation is introduced capable of modelling stability problems arising from varying temperature conditions. Uniform, linear, and nonlinear temperature distributions through the wall thickness are considered, respectively, and a linear distribution along the beam is also allowed. Temperature-dependent material properties are allowed using the power-law function. The equilibrium equations of the beam element are derived using the updated Lagrangian incremental formulation and the principle of virtual works. The small strain and large rotation conditions are assumed to be valid. Stress resultants are calculated by the Euler-Bernoulli-Navier and Vlasov theories for bending and torsion, respectively. On the basis of the aforementioned FG beam formulation, a computer program is developed. The program has capabilities to deal with both approaches, i.e. the eigenvalue and load-deformation ones, respectively. In the latter case, a small perturbation load need to be introduced along with the nominal load. By imposing different boundary conditions, power-law index values and FG distributions, the buckling temperature value as well as the nonlinear response of a beam-type structure under consideration can be determined. The obtained results are compared with those available from existing literature or obtained by the shell finite element model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 119503"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexural properties of thin foam hybrid core sandwich panels with honeycomb cut in three-point bending: Experimental investigation and numerical analysis","authors":"Yukinori Miyagawa , Keita Goto , Masahiro Arai , Akinori Yoshimura","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of introducing honeycomb cuts in thin foam sandwich plates on their bending properties via experiments, theoretical analyses, and FEA. Ultrathin (0.6 mm-thick) composite sandwich panels with CFRP face sheets and a core flake transfer sheet, which was a PMI foam with honeycomb cuts for better formability, were fabricated via autoclave molding. These observations indicate that the resin flowed into the cuts to form a honeycomb structure, resulting in a hybrid core sandwich panel and increased weight. A three-point bending test was performed on the sandwich beams. The cuts increased the effective bending stiffness, decreased the bending strength, and shifted the failure mode from top face sheet delamination to top face compression failure. A theoretical analysis revealed that this increase in the effective bending stiffness was caused by the addition of the resin honeycomb, which increased the shear stiffness. Furthermore, the FEA results indicated that the addition of a higher-stiffness honeycomb to the core redistributed the stress. These results show that foam cutting increases the flexural rigidity of thin sandwich panels as well as suppresses face sheet delamination and core compression while reducing flexural strength and promoting face compression failure owing to the stress concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 119477"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
André Dias Martins , Carlos Alexandre Seruti , José Gonilha , João Ramôa Correia , Ângelo Palos Teixeira , Francisco Ferreira , Nuno Silvestre
{"title":"Shear-out failure of GFRP single-bolted double-lap connections: Experimental investigation and reliability-based code calibration","authors":"André Dias Martins , Carlos Alexandre Seruti , José Gonilha , João Ramôa Correia , Ângelo Palos Teixeira , Francisco Ferreira , Nuno Silvestre","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this paper is two-fold: to present and discuss (i) an experimental investigation on the short-term mechanical behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) single-bolted double-lap connections prone to shear-out failure, and (ii) a reliability-based code calibration (RBCC) procedure to determine optimal partial safety factors to be employed in the corresponding design rules prescribed in CEN/TS 19101:2022: “Design of Fiber-Polymer Composite Structures”. Due to the lack of a complete set of experimental data available in the literature exhibiting shear-out failure, an extensive experimental program was conducted at the University of Lisbon, comprising GFRP specimens manufactured predominantly by pultrusion and also by vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM). A detailed description of the experimental campaign is presented, covering material characterization tests, double-lap connection tests, and the corresponding main results (load–displacement equilibrium paths, failure modes and loads). A rigorous RBCC approach, based on the Joint Committee on Structural Safety methodology, is then applied to the resistance model adopted in CEN/TS 19101:2022, incorporating material, load, geometrical, and resistance model variability. All specimens exhibited typical shear-out failures, and the CEN/TS 19101:2022 resistance model exhibited a relatively low coefficient of variation of 17 %. The code calibration procedure showed that a resistance model partial safety factor (<em>γ</em><sub>Rd</sub>) of 1.45 or 1.50, depending on the stringency of the penalty function used, are required to meet the safety levels prescribed by the Structural Eurocodes for the ultimate limit state (ULS) under investigation. In addition, a new and advantageous resistance format for ULS bolted connections is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 119501"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An explicit finite element analysis of Low-Velocity impact and compression after impact in composite laminates","authors":"K. Tian , J. Zhi , V.B.C. Tan , T.E. Tay","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the numerical simulation of low-velocity impact (LVI) and compression after impact (CAI) in composite laminates using an explicit finite element (FE) framework based on the Floating Node Method (FNM). The performance of the explicit FNM model and its implicit counterpart were compared for three LVI and one CAI cases. The explicit framework integrates advanced failure models to simulate matrix cracking, fiber damage, and delamination, while geometric nonlinearity is addressed through an updated Lagrangian formulation. Results show that the explicit FNM method accurately predicts load–displacement behavior, damage evolution, and residual strength, demonstrating strong agreement with experimental data and improved computational efficiency compared to the implicit approach. These findings highlight the potential of the explicit FNM framework for efficient and accurate analysis of composite impact and post-impact performance with discrete crack models (DCMs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"371 ","pages":"Article 119505"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}