Composite Structures最新文献

{"title":"A nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupling model for simulating functionally graded nose cones under aerodynamic environment","authors":"Zhihui Liu ,&nbsp;Zhihui Li ,&nbsp;Quanou Yang ,&nbsp;Qiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupling model (NTMCM) based on the finite element method (FEM) is presented to simulate the nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupling behavior of functionally graded nose cone structures under hypersonic flight conditions. The model accounts for the temperature dependence and spatial variation of material properties, with the effective properties of functionally graded materials (FGMs) determined using the rule of mixtures. The Newton–Raphson iterative technique is employed to solve the discretized nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupling equations. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated through comparison with numerical results reported in the literature. Combining CFD++, aerodynamic forces and heating from the external flow field are obtained as boundary conditions for the thermo-mechanical coupling analysis of the structure, and the nearest-neighbor interpolation method is employed to transfer the aerodynamic-structural interface information. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of flight speed and material gradient index on the nonlinear thermo-mechanical coupling responses of the nose cone structure. The results show that the temperature and stress are primarily concentrated in the windward head region of the structure, both of which increase with flight speed. Additionally, a higher material gradient index significantly reduces the internal temperature gradient of the nose cone, enhancing its thermal protection performance. This study provides a novel computational tool to guide the application of FGMs in thermal protection systems for hypersonic vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 119108"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repair mechanism and performance restoration of CFRTP/metal bolted joints via resin thermal reshaping","authors":"Guangwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunjing Zhao ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a joint repair method by resin thermal reshaping is introduced to repair damaged carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) bolted joints. A metal insert at the resin melting temperature is inserted into the damaged CFRTP hole with interference fit during the repair process. The matrix resin melts and fills the gap caused by the damage under the action of temperature and pressure. This process results in a densified joint structure, significantly restoring the mechanical properties and overall structural integrity of the joint. Joints with varying degrees of damage are designed, and the proposed repair method is applied. Single shear joints are prepared and subjected to quasi-static tensile and cyclic loading tests, with the interface observed using optical microscopy. Experimental results show that resin thermal reshaping significantly enhances the repair performance of damaged joints, with a 15.20 % increase in tensile load and a 32.90 % reduction in hole elongation. Finite element simulations further confirm these results and successfully replicate key feature points in the load–displacement curve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 119138"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of lightning arc on damage characteristics of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites with a fastener by an improved calculation method","authors":"Xiangyu Tian ,&nbsp;Jitao Hu ,&nbsp;Jinru Sun ,&nbsp;Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Guo ,&nbsp;Yuanhang Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhengdong Wang ,&nbsp;Xueling Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the lightning damage characteristics to carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with a fastener under the long-term lightning components B + C, focusing on the damage mechanisms influenced by the lightning arc channel. The lightning arc simulation model of specimen is constructed, the current density and heat flux distributions of the specimen are obtained.Using the arc model,a thermal-electrical-structural coupling model is proposed, enabling an analysis of the interaction between the specimen and lightning channel. Results indicate that arc heat in the lightning channel is the primary cause of specimen damage. The damage decreases in the thickness direction, forming a ‘funnel-shaped’ damage pattern with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part. The simulation indicates that damage area under the arc heat effect is 24 % smaller than the experimentally observed damage area, while damage under Joule heat is 97 % smaller. Compared with the unprotected specimen, the damage area of the copper mesh-protected specimen is 54 % smaller; however, the damage area is more concentrated and intense. Therefore, relying on a single component current waveform to assess protective effectiveness is insufficient. This study provides a reliable basis for analysing the lightning protection designs for CFRP composites in lightning environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 119141"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence mechanism of beam oscillation on energy density distribution and mechanical properties of steel/CFRP joint by direct laser welding","authors":"Zhaoguo He ,&nbsp;Dianwu Zhou ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Mengying Ye ,&nbsp;Congkang Lu ,&nbsp;Li Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;qiao Deng ,&nbsp;Jinshui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Direct laser welding of PA66 resin CFRP to DP780 dual-phase steel using three oscillation modes such as linear, <span><math><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></math></span>, and circular was performed in an overlap steel-on-CFRP configuration. The influence mechanism of beam oscillation on energy density distribution and improvement of joint performance were also revealed. The results suggested that the changes of joint property were closely related to the temperature distribution at steel/CFRP interface. Beam oscillation shifted the peak of laser energy density from the middle to fringe region, decreasing the interface temperature disparity between the middle and fringe. In the case of linear mode, laser energy density at fringe and middle region is both higher than that in <span><math><mrow><mi>∞</mi></mrow></math></span> or circular modes, and the temperature distribution across the whole steel/CFRP interface is uniform, thus the crystallinity and flowability of PA66 resin are increased due to the compensated interface temperature difference caused by the beam oscillation, which is conducive to the interface bonding. Furthermore, the effective heating time of interface is prolonged due to beam oscillation, a high proportion of M−C and M−O chemical bonding are formed at steel/CFRP interface, hence, the mechanical performance of steel/CFRP joint is considerably improved by linear beam oscillation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 119133"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved online secondary path modelling for multiharmonic active vibration control in shape memory polymer composites","authors":"Weikai Shi ,&nbsp;Xudong Zhang ,&nbsp;Peilei Xu ,&nbsp;Jianlong Gao ,&nbsp;Pengxiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yaxiang Sun ,&nbsp;Xin Lan ,&nbsp;Jinsong Leng ,&nbsp;Yanju Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This manuscript introduces a new approach to active vibration control (AVC), which involves the application of enhanced online secondary path modelling through a modified filtered-x least mean squares (FxLMS) algorithm. A special feature of this proposed control method is the use of an original adaptive variable step size (VSS) LMS algorithm to adjust the secondary path modelling filter. The adaptive step size is dynamically adjusted based on the modelling filter error signal, which is continuously monitored using a single exponential smoothing technique. The incorporation of the fractional derivative with the steepest descent method enhances the convergence speed of secondary path identification. Based on numerical simulations employing multilinear spectral and random vibration signals, the proposed method demonstrates advantages in convergence speed, system stability and model accuracy compared to typical existing algorithms. Specifically, the system modelling convergence rate is improved by 60 %, and the residual error convergence rate is improved by 72 %. In practical terms, the adaptive algorithm was implemented in shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) to accommodate configuration variations. Employing multiharmonic AVC with macro fiber composite (MFC) actuators, the dynamic behavior and vibration control efficiency of SMPCs with varying carbon fiber volume fractions were subjected to comprehensive experiments and analyses. Results from the study showcase the efficacy of the proposed adaptive control strategy in significantly damping vibrations in both the original and bent shapes of SMPCs, suggesting the versatility and robustness of the control approach across different configurations. Meanwhile, this study provides support for vibration control of SMPCs in dynamic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 119135"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and analytical investigation of the local buckling behaviour of unsymmetrically laminated thin-walled beams","authors":"Philip Schreiber,&nbsp;Christian Mittelstedt","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lightweight design of composite structures typically results in the configuration of thin-walled and slender components, which require consideration of structural stability. In addition to the established design criteria and calculation methods for stability analysis, the experimental validation of such methods represents a significant aspect of ensuring the reliability of design concepts. This study addresses the closed-form analytical calculation of the critical buckling load of unsymmetrically laminated composite I- and C-beams. This represents a novelty since the majority of available investigations deal with symmetrical layups. The presented methods employ the discrete plate analysis and consider individual beam segments that are simply supported at the loaded edges. Based on the analytical results, a novel experimental setup is presented, which implements the simple support of the individual unsymmetrically laminated segments in the experimental study. The buckling loads are obtained through experimental investigation employing two distinct methodologies. In contrast to global stability failure, local buckling may result in a significant load increase in the postbuckling regime, as evidenced by a parabolic curve in the force–deflection diagram. This knowledge can be used to identify the critical load experimentally. The second evaluation method is based on the loss of stiffness in the longitudinal direction of the beam at the initial stage of buckling. A comparison of the analytical and numerical calculation methods with the experimentally obtained buckling loads of unsymmetrically laminated beams demonstrates a high degree of correlation. The presented experimental setup is shown to be reliable, and the closed-form analytical methods are validated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 119073"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal-inspired cellular metamaterials with reduced Poisson’s ratio as analogues of TPMS","authors":"Maxim Yu. Arsentev ,&nbsp;Evgeny I. Sysoev ,&nbsp;Stepan A. Vorobyov ,&nbsp;Sergey V. Balabanov ,&nbsp;Semen V. Diachenko ,&nbsp;Maxim M. Sychov ,&nbsp;Ekaterina V. Skorb","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing of cellular metamaterials appears to be promising in weight reduction for transportation and advanced civil engineering applications. It provides improved energy efficiency, reduces fuel and energy consumption, and CO₂ emissions. Crystal-inspired materials inherit their TPMS (Triply Periodic Minimal Surface)-like architecture from carbon allotropes with high sp³ and sp² hybridization at the microscale. However, it is still uncertain whether materials with a TPMS topology derived from crystal structure data can surpass the properties of ideal TPMS. Our findings indicate that this is feasible using new approach in design of crystal-inspired structures for SC1 carbon and octacarbon (supercubane)-derived metamaterials in terms of the Poisson’s ratio. In this work the samples were manufactured using the 3D printing techniques of selective laser sintering (SLS) and high-resolution liquid crystal display (LCD) photopolymerization. Stress–strain compression tests, experimental measurements of Poisson’s ratio, homogenization modeling, investigation of mean average and Gaussian curvatures in metamaterials were performed. The homogenization method showed that crystal-inspired lattices demonstrate a Poisson’s ratio approximately ∼ 20 % lower than that of their TPMS analogs, sometimes even more, up to ∼ 3 times lower. Despite this reduction in Poisson’s ratio, the mechanical properties remained comparable to those of TPMS lattices. Crystal-inspired samples exhibit enhanced damage tolerance, showing significantly greater resistance to cracking and a delayed onset of destructive failure compared to their TPMS counterparts. The reduced Poisson’s ratio of crystal-inspired metamaterials was explained by the peculiar distribution of mean and Gaussian curvature in such metamaterials. Since Poisson’s ratio is an important mechanical parameter, this explains the improved mechanical performance of crystal-inspired lattices. This observation shows the potential of crystal-inspired topologies. The metamaterials investigated demonstrate broad applicability in commercial sectors demanding high energy absorption, isotropic properties, and load-bearing capacity, as well as in structural and mechanical engineering where consistent properties across all directions are crucial, such as in building, bridge, and vehicle construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 119097"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards detailed oxidation depth and weight loss: A computational and kinetic modeling study of Carbon/Carbon composites oxidation","authors":"Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Hongjian Zhang,&nbsp;Shuai Liu,&nbsp;Haitao Cui,&nbsp;Zheyuan Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon/Carbon(C/C) composites are increasingly applied in hot-end components of aero-engines due to superior high-temperature mechanical properties. However, C/C composites are susceptible to oxidation under high-temperature conditions, restricting the application of C/C composites. In this research, a three-dimensional diffusion oxidation kinetic model in the diffusion-controlled oxidation stage was established for C/C composites with an anti-oxidation coating based on mass transfer and diffusion theory. Subsequently, the relationship between oxidation amount and crack oxidation propagation depth with oxidation time was calculated. The oxidation damage of C/C composites in the atmosphere at 700 °C ∼900 °C was evaluated by weight loss analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experimentally. Compared with the oxidation kinetic model, the measured values of oxidation weight loss and oxidation depth were in good agreement with the prediction of the model with the maximal error of 7.55 % and 10.87 % respectively, verifying the reliability of the model. Additionally, the sensitivity of oxidation depth to oxidation duration, oxygen partial pressure (OPP) and coating thickness at different temperature are analyzed, aiming to provide a model to predict the oxidation degree and provide reliable recommendations for thermal protection and antioxidant design of C/C composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 119118"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on draping behavior of recycled textile composite reinforcement with different weave patterns","authors":"Bo Chen,&nbsp;Bowen Xu,&nbsp;Yang Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoling Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally and numerically analyzes the draping of recycled fabric with different weave patterns. The recycled fabric was obtained from waste prepregs using a designed microwave thermal process. It is shown that the yarn width and density remain unchanged in the recycling process, but the fiber surface properties are changed, including a decrease in diameter and an increase in roughness. Due to the removal of sizing agents and the fiber diameter decrease, the recycling process also leads to a reduction in fabric thickness and areal density by about 9%. This change significantly modified the mechanical behavior of recycled fabrics compared to virgin fabrics, especially the bending stiffness of recycled fabrics is greatly reduced. Hemisphere and square box forming tests indicated that recycled fabrics tend to wrinkle more than virgin fabrics, and fabrics with a loose structure and less crimp lead to good drapability. A stress resultant shell approach gives simulation results that are in agreement with experiments, particularly the onset of wrinkling. This numerical approach takes into account tensile, in-plane shear, bending and friction behavior of textile reinforcement to reflect the change in fiber properties and weave structures, which proved to have a notable influence on fabric drapability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 119123"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A variable stiffness structure with an embedded periodic metallic mesh","authors":"Dimitrios Charaklias,&nbsp;Dayuan Qiang,&nbsp;Robert Dorey,&nbsp;Iman Mohagheghian","doi":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compstruct.2025.119124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the performance of a multi-layered variable stiffness structure with an embedded metallic mesh as a heating source. A combined experimental and numerical approach was employed to assess the heating efficiency, temperature distribution, and stiffness modulation. The embedded metallic mesh, with seamless junctions and an 11 % fill factor, achieved uniform temperature distribution, heating rate of 6.4 °C/sec and induced a 30 % reduction in stiffness at an applied current of 5 A. However, localised overheating led to matrix damage in the form of thermal hotspots. To mitigate this, a modulated current input was introduced using a 50 % duty cycle square pulse at frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 10 Hz. This modulation successfully reduced peak hotspot temperatures by 30 %, prevented matrix degradation, and improved initial system response time while maintaining the desired temperature profile. Furthermore, numerical simulations were conducted to evaluate the impact of various metallic mesh topologies, each maintaining a constant fill factor. The results indicate that topology plays a significant role in heating efficiency, particularly at lower current densities. These findings offer critical insights into the design of advanced variable stiffness materials with large stiffness variation and fast response dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":281,"journal":{"name":"Composite Structures","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 119124"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}