Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces最新文献

{"title":"Nucleic acid-based nanogels for drug delivery：From construction strategies to intelligent applications","authors":"Zijian Zhao ,&nbsp;Fei Sun ,&nbsp;Hongli Yu ,&nbsp;Bing Li ,&nbsp;Xianwen Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Sun ,&nbsp;Jianqin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanogels are nanoscale hydrogel particles, formed through intramolecular or intermolecular cross-linking. They serve as versatile carriers in drug delivery due to their high stability, excellent biocompatibility, and intelligent responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Nucleic acid-based nanogels are of particular interest due to the unique characteristics of nucleic acids. Nucleic acid-based nanogels not only possess the properties and functionalities of nanomaterials and hydrogels, but also its excellent flexibility, stability, precise programmability and adjustability makes them shine in the biomedical field. In addition, functional nucleic acids, such as microRNA, small interfering RNA, i-motif nanostructures, etc., provide assistance for the construction of nucleic acid-based nanogels to provide additional stimulus response, molecular recognition, disease treatment potential, making them key participants in biomedical applications. Therefore, it is crucial to summarize the existing preparation strategies, biological properties and recent applications of nucleic acid-based nanogels, which can help to seek new directions for the development of nanocarriers. This review summarizes various synthesis strategies and drug delivery mechanisms of nucleic acid-based nanogels. It also discusses protective and functional modifications for intelligent nanogels, outlines their biomedical applications, and explores future development directions. It is anticipated that this review will facilitate the development of novel nucleic acid-based nanogels and bring new vitality to therapeutic interventions for a range of diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114948"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entrapping imipenem into poly(methyl methacrylate) assemblies by microfluidic process retains the activity against prosthetic joint infections following thermal treatment","authors":"Ming-Hsi Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Hsu Chen ,&nbsp;Chih-Chun Pu ,&nbsp;Yi-Jiun Ding ,&nbsp;Yu-Pao Hsu ,&nbsp;Nan-Ping Yang ,&nbsp;L. Kristopher Siu","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To prevent prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) in patients, bone cement powder is often pre-filled with antibiotics. However, most broad-spectrum antibiotics are heat-unstable, complicating their incorporation into bone cement. In this study, we entrapped a heat-labile antibiotic imipenem (IMP) into the bone cement basal material poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to combat broad-spectrum PJI. First, the IMP-PMMA matrix was fabricated via self-assembly using microfluidic devices. Then, the IMP-PMMA assemblies were characterized by examining their structural features, thermal behavior, and the <em>in vitro</em> release profile of IMP from the PMMA matrix. Finally, we investigated the relationship between the thermal treatment and antibacterial activity of IMP-loaded PMMA. Our results demonstrated that preloading IMP into PMMA could potentially protect IMP from heat damage during acrylic bone cement preparation, thereby retaining its antibacterial activity against bacterial infections. The insights gained from this study suggest that IMP-loaded acrylic bone cement is a promising strategy for preventing PJIs in orthopedic surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered exosomes with enriched miR-23b suppress the progression of periodontitis by reprogramming macrophages","authors":"Tianyuan Qiu ,&nbsp;Zengguang Liu ,&nbsp;Hugang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Jia ,&nbsp;Xinxin Shao ,&nbsp;Sihan Wang ,&nbsp;Haobo Han ,&nbsp;Quanshun Li ,&nbsp;Min Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease that damages the tooth-supporting structure, leading to tooth instability and loss. Conventional therapies target biofilms but fail to address immune dysregulation, highlighting the need of host-modulating strategies. Herein, the decreased miR-23b level was found to be associated with the progression of periodontitis and identified as a potential therapeutic agent for the disease. Since the conventional methods of loading exogenous miRNAs into exosomes may impair the membrane structure, a miR-23b-overexpressed HEK293T cell line was constructed to produce engineered exosomes with enriched miR-23b (namely miR-23b-Exo). The miR-23b-Exo modulated the NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages, thereby promoting the M2 polarization and suppressing the release of inflammatory cytokines to execute the anti-inflammatory effect. In rats with periodontitis, miR-23b-Exo alleviated the inflammation-induced periodontal damage, exhibiting favorable anti-periodontitis efficacy. Our study provides a promising host-modulating strategy based on the engineered exosomes-mediated miR-23b delivery, thereby alleviating periodontal damage by reprogramming macrophages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114947"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of whey protein and sodium caseinate onto colloidal chromium oxide as a model for the pre-fouling of steel","authors":"Bram J.N. Bemelmans ,&nbsp;Juliette C. Verschoor ,&nbsp;Ben H. Erné ,&nbsp;R. Hans Tromp","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Hypothesis</h3><div>The fouling of stainless-steel heat exchangers used in pasteurization is a problem in the dairy industry. Thick, protein-rich layers must regularly be removed to prevent reduced flow of liquid and heat and biological hazards. We hypothesized that the adsorption of an initial monolayer of proteins is driven by electrostatic interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Experiments</h3><div>Mixtures of colloidal chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) and whey proteins or sodium caseinate were studied at room temperature and pH 3–7. The surface of colloidal Cr₂O₃ resembles the passivation layer of stainless steel, which essentially consists of Cr₂O₃. Stabilization of colloidal Cr₂O₃ by adsorbed proteins was evaluated using optical microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and analytical centrifugation. Moreover, zeta potentials and adsorption isotherms were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Despite isoelectric points at pH 2 or higher for Cr₂O₃ and pH 5 for the proteins, the colloidal stabilization of Cr₂O₃ by adsorbed proteins was largely pH-independent, even though the surface charge densities of Cr₂O₃ and the proteins strongly depend on pH in our experimental pH range. Irrespective of pH, the adsorption isotherms demonstrated that a first partial monolayer of proteins was adsorbed irreversibly. We conclude that the initial adsorption of proteins onto stainless steel is probably not driven by electrostatics but by Van der Waals or hydrophobic interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114949"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naphthalene-containing octreotide radioligand elevates selectivity and radionuclide therapy for somatostatin receptor 2-positive tumor","authors":"Juan Sun ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Yang ,&nbsp;Jiakun Guo ,&nbsp;Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Lei Tao ,&nbsp;Xingyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Guanglin Wang ,&nbsp;Fenghua Meng ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with proven targeting ability has emerged as a new paradigm for clinical tumor therapy. The selective binding of octreotide to somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) renders the successful development of ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE for SSTR2-positive neuroendocrine tumor patients. Here, we find that naphthalene-containing octreotide radioligand (OCT(naph)) induces elevated tumor uptake and radionuclide therapy for SSTR2-positive tumor over DOTATATE. ¹⁷⁷Lu-OCT(naph) demonstrated high radiochemical purity and radiostability, and increased binding affinity to human serum albumin, which led to prolonged blood circulation time and a peak accumulation of 20.8 ± 3.2 %ID/g, 1.6-fold of that for ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE, in SSTR2⁺ HCT-116 tumor. A single injection of ¹⁷⁷Lu-OCT(naph) at 7.4 MBq while induced no apparent toxicity effectively suppressed tumor growth, significantly outperforming ¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTATATE. Overall, ¹⁷⁷Lu-OCT(naph) with optimized albumin binding appears as a potentially better radionuclide therapy for SSTR2-positive tumors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114945"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances: How bioactive agents combine with packaging systems to impact preservation effects","authors":"Mi Li ,&nbsp;Yunge Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Ju ,&nbsp;Yanli Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review systematically combed the breakthrough achievements in the field of food active packaging over the past five years, comprehensively analyzed the advantages and limitations of the combination of bioactive agents within safe dosage ranges with six major categories of packaging systems, and deeply explored the interaction mechanisms between bioactive agents and packaging materials in different combinations and their impacts on packaging functions and application effects, so as to provide a scientific basis for the research and development of innovative and efficient active packaging systems. In addition, the review focused on expounding the key technical points in the matching of bioactive agents with specific packaging types and the optimal incorporation strategies of active agents for different food preservation needs. Based on the physicochemical properties of bioactive agents and the functional requirements of active packaging films, this study constructed a systematic selection framework for combination methods to provide a theoretical reference for the precise design and application of active packaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114946"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mPEG-NH2/2-FPBA/TubA exerts anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity by targeting ABCF1-K430la through the KDM3A-H3K9me2-HIF1A axis","authors":"Xiang Wang ,&nbsp;Han Hong ,&nbsp;Wen Cao ,&nbsp;Xinxiang Cheng ,&nbsp;Lingjian Li ,&nbsp;Minjie Hu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Wang ,&nbsp;Jindong Li ,&nbsp;Qingtao Ni ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiacong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few systematic investigations have explored the use of polymeric micelles for the delivery of lactylated proteomic-modified drugs. A small-molecule drug Tubuloside A (TubA), which targets lactate modified at lysine 430 of ABCF1 and effectively inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression, was identified in previous study. In this study, we selected a nanomaterial, mPEG-NH₂+ 2-FPBA, as a drug carrier, which not only efficiently encapsulated the drug, but also facilitated targeted release within tumor tissues. The synthesized nanomicelle, mPEG-NH₂/2-FPBA/TubA, can encapsulate drugs and release them under acidic conditions, making it well-suited for the acidic microenvironment characteristic of solid tumors. These micelles can penetrate the tumor region due to their enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, traverse the cellular membrane, and release their payload intracellularly to maximize therapeutic efficacy. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that mPEG-NH₂/2-FPBA/TubA effectively delivered TubA, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor growth; decreased expression of KDM3A, HIF1A, and Ki67; and an increase in H3K9me2 levels. This study presents an effective material delivery strategy for lactylated proteomic nanoparticles and elucidated their mechanism of action.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114941"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-loaded aspirin and doxorubicin by chondroitin sulphate nanoparticles inhibited metastasis of breast cancer by squelching circulating tumor microemboli","authors":"Xiaojie Ma ,&nbsp;Lin Xiao ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Shujie Sun ,&nbsp;Yanxin Du ,&nbsp;Yu Xiu ,&nbsp;Keda Yan ,&nbsp;Zhipeng Li ,&nbsp;Wentong Li ,&nbsp;Jingliang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Platelets (PLTs) play a critical role in proliferation and migration of cancers, combination therapy based on chemotherapeutical and anti-PLT agents could inhibit tumor development. In this study, chondroitin sulphate (CS) was conjugated with doxorubicin (DOX) to synthesize CS-DOX through hydrazone bond, and aspirin (ASP) was encapsulated into CS-DOX to prepare a pH-responsive nanoparticle (ASP/CS-DOX). After being characterized, the anti-tumor effects of ASP/CS-DOX were pursued further. To mimic tumor environment, \"MCF-7+PLT\" co-cultured cell model was established in vitro, and ASP/CS-DOX displayed higher cytotoxicity on “MCF-7+PLT” cell model compared to CS-DOX. In a breast cancer cell line and fibroblast assembled xenograft mice model, tumor inhibition rate of ASP/CS-DOX was 83 %, in addition, ASP/CS-DOX mainly enriched in tumor region; in the tail vein model, a lung metastasis nodules decreased by 90.9 %. ASP/CS-DOX effectively decreased activation of PLT and angiogenesis as confirmed by decreased P-selection and CD31 in tumor tissue. ASP/CS-DOX remolded extracellular matrix via inhibiting activation of CAFs as demonstrated by reduced α-SMA and less deposition of collagen. Moreover, ASP/CS-DOX significantly inhibited tumor metastasis in the breast cancer metastasis model. In brief, the integrated treatment based on ASP/CS-DOX nanoparticles is a potential approach for the therapy of breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coated sponge spicules for remodeling skin immune homeostasis in psoriasis treatment by releasing self-assembled phospholipid complex nanoparticles","authors":"Yujian Zhang ,&nbsp;Jieru Chen ,&nbsp;Chunyu Huang ,&nbsp;Yongxin Xu ,&nbsp;Renhuan Ma ,&nbsp;Huilin Lei ,&nbsp;Haoshi Gao ,&nbsp;Yan Ma ,&nbsp;Qingguo Li ,&nbsp;Shixia Guan ,&nbsp;Long Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease where dendritic cells play a crucial role. In psoriasis topical treatment, pathologically-induced thickening of the stratum corneum and epidermal hyperplasia severely hinder the penetration of drugs into the deep skin, thereby reducing therapeutic efficacy. Here, we developed the curcumin-POPG phospholipid complex coated Sponge Haliclona sp. Spicules (CUR-Ph-SHS) with the supercritical antisolvent-fluidized bed coating (SAS-FB) technology. This innovative formulation was designed to enhance skin permeation and suppress dendritic cell activation in the psoriasis mouse model. Through the process of SAS-FB, the phospholipid complex formed a uniform amorphous coating on CUR-Ph-SHS, which increased the dissolution of the active ingredient and self-assembled into nanoparticles after release. Moreover, the nanoparticles released from CUR-Ph-SHS could be efficiently internalized by dendritic cells, demonstrating superior anti-maturation activity in vitro compared to raw curcumin. Owing to its dual-tip structure and excellent wettability, CUR-Ph-SHS could effectively penetrate the stratum corneum, releasing self-assembled phospholipid complex nanoparticles into the deep skin and draining lymph nodes of psoriasis mice. In addition, the in-vivo anti-psoriasis experiment revealed that CUR-Ph-SHS relieved the psoriasis symptoms and inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the skin lesions. Meanwhile, CUR-Ph-SHS successfully inhibited the activation of dendritic cells while inducing the proliferation of regulatory T cells. Overall, these findings highlight CUR-Ph-SHS as novel coated microneedles for remodeling skin immune homeostasis in psoriasis topical therapy, suggesting potential applications in treating other skin inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114944"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer cell membrane-coated quercetin-MXene-Au nanoparticles for smart drug delivery and enhanced photothermal therapy","authors":"Shehab Elbeltagi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Zharani ,&nbsp;Fahd A. Nasr ,&nbsp;A.M. Ismail ,&nbsp;Hagar M. El-Tohamy ,&nbsp;Khaled M. Abdelbased ,&nbsp;Zienab E. Eldin ,&nbsp;Nada S. Al-Theyab","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellmembrane-coated nanoparticles (NPs) have garnered significant attention because of their extended circulation time and ability to target similar cells through homotypic interactions. Herein, we fabricated cancer cell membrane (CCM)-coated quercetin (Q)-MXene-Au NPs, forming Q-MX-Au@CCM, as a promising approach for drug delivery (DD) and improved photothermal therapy (PTT). The Q-MX-Au@CCM nanocomposites serve as multifunctional nanoplatforms with a large surface area and excellent responsiveness to near-infrared (NIR) light thereby enhancing their efficacy in tumor treatment. TEM analysis revealed that Q-MX-Au@CCM had an average particle size of 87.4 nm and a zeta potential of −28.9 mV. MXene-Au demonstrated excellent PT properties, achieving a PT conversion efficiency of 68.5 %. The MTT assay demonstrated significant cytotoxicity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, with the chemo-PTT approach showing an IC₅₀ value of 12.5 µg/mL and resulting a high apoptosis rate. Cellular internalization studies showed enhanced uptake of both MX-Au and Q-MX-Au@CCM NPs in MCF-7 cells under NIR. The pro-apoptotic efficacy of Q and Q-MX-Au@CCM was further confirmed with Western blot analysis of key apoptotic markers, Bax and BCl-2. Q-MX-Au@CCM showed the most pronounced effects, significantly increasing Bax expression (0.75 ± 0.06) and decreasing BCl-2 expression (0.27 ± 0.011). In vivo studies using a xenograft model in BALB/c mice indicated that chemo-PTT resulted in the lowest tumor weight (0.08 g) and volume (46.3 mm³). Molecular docking studies showed strong binding affinity between MXene and Adora2a (binding energy: −12.9 kcal/mol), with key interactions including two hydrogen bonds (HB): one between the oxygen of Q and HIS273 (2.94 Å), and another between the HB of Q and the oxygen of ALA78 (2.46 Å), supporting the molecular basis for the enhanced therapeutic performance of Q-MX-Au@CCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 114940"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}