Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces最新文献

{"title":"Bismuth based nanomaterials: Design, synthesis and applications in tumor synergistic therapy.","authors":"Qiupeng Zhang, Jie Tu, Yuqin Jiang, Huihui Wang, Weixian Xue, Chunyao Dong, Ruizhuo Ouyang, Yuqing Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid development of nanomedicine, nanomaterials (NMs) have been used in clinical medicine to improve treatment efficiency. Bismuth-based nanomaterials(BNMs) are promising candidates for cancer diagnosis and therapy because of their good biocompatibility, low cost, high X-ray attenuation and near infrared absorption coefficient. The traditional therapy mode is relatively single, and the treatment effect is not significantly improved. Therefore, the combination of traditional treatment and emerging treatment not only has high lethality to tumor cell, but also makes up for their shortcomings. This review summarizes the latest research on BNMs in tumor therapy in recent years, including: the design and preparation of BNMs, the synergy of multiple treatment technologies, and the biosafety of nanomaterials. In the end, the inspiration and reference for the study of Bi-based multifunctional nano-platforms were provided for clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"256 Pt 1","pages":"114992"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternized chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles co-deliver resveratrol and all-trans retinoic acid to enhance humoral immunity, cellular immunity and gastrointestinal mucosal immunity.","authors":"Dan Yang, Nannan Wang, Lijuan Cao, Huimao Liu, Hanyan Cheng, Haitao Ma, Lixia Li, Yuanfeng Zou, Xinghong Zhao, Xun Zhou, Xu Song, Dongmei Zhang, Mingyue Li, Renyong Jia, Zhongqiong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional vaccine adjuvants are limited by their mechanisms of action and administration routes, often failing to simultaneously elicit robust systemic and mucosal immune responses. This limitation compromises the establishment of dual protective barriers during early pathogen invasion. Therefore, we developed an innovative poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle-based adjuvant system (Res/RA QCS NPs) featuring quaternized chitosan (QCS) surface modification for ovalbumin (OVA) delivery, co-encapsulating dual immunomodulators - resveratrol (Res) and all-trans retinoic acid (RA). The results showed that the Res/RA QCS NPs possessed excellent antigen adsorption capacity (adsorption rate of 93.87 ± 5.27 %) and significantly enhanced the recruitment of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) at the injection site and lymph node-targeting delivery. In vitro immunological evaluation further confirmed that OVA-Res/RA QCS NPs possessed excellent immune-enhancing properties, including: efficient antigen internalization, Dendritic Cells (DCs) maturation activation, enhanced cytokine secretion and mucosal homing ability. In vivo immunity experiments, OVA-Res/RA QCS NPs not only induced high levels of serum antigen-specific IgG antibodies and proliferation and activation of T cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues, but also stimulated the secretion of large amounts of antigen-specific IgA in the gastrointestinal mucosa, which realized the dual activation of systemic and mucosal immunity. This study provides an important theoretical and experimental basis for the development of novel vaccine adjuvants and immunotherapy strategies based on intestinal immunomodulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"256 Pt 1","pages":"114994"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144797767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthogonal programmed tri-modal tumor treatment based on structurally simple nanomedicines.","authors":"Peidong Yang, Zhitang Wang, Xianquan Liao, Qingqin Peng, Yuxin Liu, Debo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orthogonal multimodal therapy is a highly effective strategy for tumor ablation, yet they require nanomedicines with complex structures that are difficult to use practically. Here, a structurally simple nanomedicine is constructed by independently modified boron-doped carbon quantum dots (B-CDs) with nicorandil by physical absorption and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) through borate ester bonding, respectively. In the redox-imbalance tumor microenvironment, nicorandil (NIC) produce NO for gas therapy in response to intratumoral GSH and HSP90 is inhibited due to H₂O₂-triggered EGCG release, while B-CDs generate local hyperthermia under near-infrared light. Therefore, this nanomedicine can exercise specific therapeutic modes in response to different tumor microenvironmental characteristics or external stimuli under fluorescence supervision.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"256 Pt 1","pages":"115001"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitroresponse of mouse astrocyte cells on electrospun PVA/gelatin nanofibers: The role of gelatin content and fiber alignment.","authors":"Nergis Zeynep Renkler, Guido Mogni, Stefania Scialla, Iriczalli Cruz-Maya, Grazia Paola Nicchia, Vincenzo Guarino","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astrocytes are key supportive cells in the central nervous system (CNS), responsible for neural repair, synapse formation, and maintaining neural health. In this work, the optimization of crosslinking treatments to fabricate polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/gelatin electrospun nanofibers was investigated to remark the effect of chemical - i.e., gelatin - and topological - i.e., fiber orientation - cues on the in vitro activity of mouse astrocytes. Fiber morphology deeply explored via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/image analysis highlighted a significant decay of the average diameter as the gelatin content - from 0.955 ± 0.146 μm (7:3) to 0.599 ± 0.1 μm (5:5) - or in the presence of preferential fiber alignment - 0.662 ± 0.204 μm (7:3). Assessment of the cell survival revealed that astrocytes were better able to survive and proliferate on nanofibers with gelatin than on those without any addition of gelatin nanofibers. In this context, the alignment of nanofibers enhanced not only the attachment of astrocytes but also their spatial orientation playing a critical role in directing the growth of astrocytes as confirmed by immunofluorescence studies. The electrospun PVA/gelatin (PVAG) structures, especially with uniaxial fiber orientation, proved to be a potential substrate for the culture of astrocytes and construction of CNS tissues. The role of biological macromolecules, such as gelatin, allows to support in vitro astrocyte function, thus offering new avenues for neural tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"256 Pt 1","pages":"115023"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TiO₂/PANI-based sensing electrode for ethanol detection in human sweat to monitor liver functioning.","authors":"Bhavya Padha, Isha Yadav, Sandeep Arya","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wearable sensors for detecting ethanol volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in sweat offer a non-invasive approach to monitor liver health. In line with this goal, a titanium dioxide/polyaniline (TiO₂/PANI) nanocomposite-based sensor electrode was developed for real-time ethanol detection under standard conditions (300 K, 1 atm). The thin film, deposited on a conductive fabric, was characterized for phase, structure, and morphology. Electrochemical tests showed high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 23.62 ppb and quantification of 71.59 ppb. The sensor demonstrated excellent reproducibility, stability, and selectivity across various ethanol concentrations. It effectively distinguished between sweat samples from healthy and liver-affected individuals and maintained performance over 100 days under varying humidity and temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"256 Pt 1","pages":"114991"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailorable and biocompatible collagen-based peptides as distinctive surfactants with micellar self-assembly.","authors":"Smriti Mukherjee, Manaswini Gowtham, Ganeshkumar Yogeswaran, Sonam Jangra, Madivala G Basavaraj, Vinod K Aswal, Kanagasabai Balamurugan, Niraikulam Ayyadurai, Ganesh Shanmugam","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface-active peptides (SAPs) typically mimic conventional surfactants by featuring long non-polar (hydrophobic) peptide tails and short polar (hydrophilic) heads consisting of a single amino acid or short peptide. However, reverse-structure SAPs-with a long hydrophilic tail and short hydrophobic head-remain largely unexplored. If developed, such SAPs could form micelles with a larger hydrophilic area and a smaller hydrophobic core, leading to novel self-assembled structures. We hypothesize that combining the self-assembly potential of an aromatic moiety as a short hydrophobic head with the linear hydrophilic properties of collagen-like peptides containing Glycine-Proline-Hydroxyproline (GPO) repeats can lead to the development of these unique reverse SAPs. These SAPs are expected to form unique self-assembled structures with a larger hydrophilic area and a smaller hydrophobic core, contributing to advancements in colloidal and interface science. To validate this hypothesis, π-system-functionalized collagen-like peptides were designed using (GPO)_n (n = 1-5) as extended hydrophilic tails and a fluorenyl aromatic π-system as the hydrophobic head. Biophysical studies evaluated their self-assembly, critical micellar concentration, and surface activity, focusing on stabilization mechanisms driven by aromatic π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding. The SAPs exhibited surface activity and formed micelles at sub-millimolar concentrations. Longer hydrophilic tails resulted in lower CMC values, indicating enhanced self-assembly. The micelles were stabilized by π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding, creating unique self-assembled structures with a larger hydrophilic region and a smaller hydrophobic core. These findings provide new insights into colloids and interface science and open avenues for applying reverse-structure SAPs in drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"256 Pt 1","pages":"115004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mannose receptor targeted PLGA nanoparticles ofEucommia ulmoidespolysaccharide through the MAPK and NF-κB pathway to enhance the immune activity of BMDCs.","authors":"Xin Hu, Jia Meng, Yi Liao, Yanwen Yang, Yao Wang, Zhenhui Song, Ziwei Liu, Haibo Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mannosylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles encapsulating Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharides (EOPP) were developed as a targeted immunomodulatory delivery system. In vitro evaluations confirmed that EOPP exhibited low cytotoxicity toward spleen lymphocytes while significantly increasing their proliferation and cytokine secretion (IL-6 and IFN-γ). When co-delivered with ovalbumin (MN-EOPP/OVA), the system further enhanced the secretion of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and IFN-γ by immune cells and induced cytoskeletal remodeling and maturation in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Transcriptomic profiling revealed significant upregulation of immune-related genes, with KEGG and PPI analyses identifying activation of key signaling pathways, including MAPK (ERK, p38, JNK) and NF-κB. These pathways drive the expression of genes involved in antigen processing and dendritic cell function. Overall, MN-EOPP/OVA effectively enhanced both humoral and cellular immune responses by synergistic delivery of antigen and immunopotentiator, supporting its potential as a next-generation vaccine adjuvant strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"256 Pt 1","pages":"115002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD44-targeted NLCs improvetrans-resveratrolin vitrocellular uptake and cytotoxicity in high-grade glioma cells.","authors":"Allana Carolina Leme de Almeida, Leonardo Delello Di Filippo, Mariana Conceição, Giovanna Capaldi Fortunato, Marcela Tavares Luiz, Júlia Garcia Guimarães, Jonatas Lobato Duarte, Marlus Chorilli","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-grade gliomas are aggressive brain tumors associated with poor prognosis and a short median survival. Despite a multi-modal therapy, including surgical resection, and adjuvant radio and chemotherapy, few advances were achieved in the clinics. The urgent need for new therapeutic strategies to treat brain tumor has driven the development of innovative drug delivery technologies such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). NLCs have demonstrated significant potential in cancer therapy, particularly due to improvements in the delivery of poorly soluble drugs, with promising anti-tumor potential, such as the polyphenol trans-resveratrol (RSV). This study aimed to develop and evaluate the in vitro biological properties of NLCs loaded with RSV and functionalized with hyaluronic acid (HA) for targeted delivery to CD-44-expressing glioma cells. NLCs were produced using the fusion-emulsification technique followed by sonication, and NLC-RSVs were functionalized with HA through physicochemical adsorption. NLCs were characterized in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential, and further analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and the in vitro drug release profile were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Cytotoxicity was assessed in C6 glioma cells using the resazurin reduction assay. The NLC-RSV formulations exhibited an average size of 160.5 nm, a PDI of 0.36, and a zeta potential of + 21.85 mV. Functionalization was performed using HA at 0.5 mg/mL in a 2:1 (v/v) HA:NLC ratio. The EE% of the HA-NLC-RSV formulation was 88.98 ± 0.55 %. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of HA and indicated successful interaction of HA with the lipid matrix. DSC data suggested that RSV was effectively encapsulated and protected within the lipid matrix. The in vitro release study revealed that HA functionalization provided a slower and more controlled drug release. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that HA functionalization enhanced the antiproliferative effect, with the RSV-HA-NLC formulation displaying the most potent effect. This finding was supported by increased cellular uptake of HA-NLCs in C6 cells. These results indicate that HA-functionalized NLCs represent a promising strategy to improve the solubility and targeted delivery of poorly soluble drugs such as RSV. By enabling more effective delivery of RSV to glioma cells, this approach may help advance our understanding of RSV's biological effects in cancer and encourage further investigation of their biological properties using in vivo models.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"257 ","pages":"115189"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145256981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the porosity of the palladium shell in Au-core Pd-shell bimetallic nanoparticles for the radiosensitizing properties in simulated anticancer proton radiotherapy.","authors":"Bartosz Klebowski, Adrianna Gałuszka-Bulaga, Marcin Strawski, Jan Jakub Kęsik, Jarek Baran, Joanna Depciuch","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The combination of radiotherapy and metallic nanoparticles (NPs) turns out to be a promising option for cancer treatment. Currently, proton radiotherapy (PRT) is becoming more and more popular. Compared to classic X-ray radiotherapy, PRT is characterized by similar treatment effectiveness while minimizing off-target effect. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate two types of bimetallic gold-palladium nanoparticles (AuPd NPs), that differ in the porosity of the palladium shell (non-porous AuPd CSs - core-shells and porous AuPd NRs - nanoraspberries), as radiosensitizers to improve the efficiency of proton irradiation. Importantly, both types of crystalline AuPd NPs had a similar shape (spherical) and size (⁓ 20 nm). The results of in vitro cell viability tests indicated similar cytotoxicity of both types of AuPd NPs towards selected cancer cell lines, as well as promising radiosensitizing potential in simulated PRT, especially for porous AuPd NRs. Moreover, holotomographic microscopy analysis showed that AuPd NPs at a low concentration of 75 μg/ml cause in culture detachment of low-aggressive SW480 colon cancer cells, but do not affect growth of aggressive HCT116 cancer cells and normal CRL-1790 epithelial cells in vitro. These results can open new perspectives on the further applications of NPs as radiosensitizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"257 ","pages":"115192"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145249132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triggered ROS cyclic responsive silicon nanowire arrays for gene transfection of stem cells.","authors":"Yanyan Wang, Liping Zhang, Shengxuan Xu, Shuangling Liu, Wenxin Qiu, Hongwei Wang, Lin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.115187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The central challenge in gene delivery systems lies in achieving efficient intracellular delivery of plasmids and sustained release. In this study, a cyclic reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive gene delivery platform based on silicon nanowire arrays (SN) was developed. The high-density positive charged polyethylenimine (PEI) polymers were covalently grafted onto the SN surface, allowing for electrostatic adsorption of both plasmid DNA and trans-cinnamaldehyde precursor (TAC). When cells are co-cultured on this material, the needle-like nanostructures of SN would penetrate the cell membrane through physical effect, efficiently delivering the loaded plasmids into stem cells. The release mechanism of this system was based on an ROS-triggered cascade response, TAC oxidized by ROS to generate cinnamaldehyde, and then induced mitochondrial oxidative stress to promote cascade production of more ROS. This triggered the dissociation of SN-grafted PEI from the nanowires, enabling sustained plasmid release. In vitro release assays showed that the treatment of 1 mM H₂O₂ (exogenous ROS stimulant) for only 10 min induced 79 % plasmid release from SN surfaces. For cells that are difficult to be transfected, such as mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), this platform exhibited excellent transfection efficiencies of 94 % and 74 %, respectively, while maintaining good cytocompatibility. This study developed an SN-based ROS-responsive gene delivery platform, achieving efficient plasmid delivery and sustained release via synergistic physical penetration and biochemical-responsiveness. It provides a solution with important application value for gene transfection in hard-to-transfect stem cells and demonstrates promising translational potential in the fields of gene therapy and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"257 ","pages":"115187"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}