Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces最新文献

{"title":"Design of enzyme immobilized zwitterionic copolymer nanogels and its size effect on electrochemical reaction","authors":"Takehiro Sato,&nbsp;Yixuan Huang,&nbsp;Tsukuru Masuda,&nbsp;Jincai Li,&nbsp;Madoka Takai","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For enzyme-based electrochemical devices, an improvement in electron transfer between the enzyme and electrode is important. Thus, we developed a nano-scaled hydrogel that includes an electron mediator and enzyme to realize nano-sized effects that enhance the functions. Three different chain lengths (short, medium, and long) of copolymers composed of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and methacrylic acid <em>N</em>-hydroxysuccinimide ester (MNHS; poly(MPC-<em>co</em>-MNHS), PMS) were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The PMS nanogels can bind to the amino ferrocene (AFc) of the electron mediator and glucose oxidase (GOD) as a catalyst. The mono-dispersive PMS nanogels approximately 200–250 nm in size bound with AFc were prepared with different polymer chain lengths and amounts of AFc (PMMFc<em>X</em>_<em>Y</em>%, <em>X</em>= ‘degree of polymerization, 50, 75, 100’ and <em>Y</em>= ‘AFc feeding ratio against the amount of NHS group in the polymer chain, 50 %, 100 %’). The size of PMMFc<em>X</em>_<em>Y</em>% could be controlled by changing degree of polymerization or AFc feeding ratio. After the modification of GOD to PMMFc<em>X</em>_<em>Y</em>%, their size increased slightly from the original size (ca. 200–250 nm) to approximately 250–300 nm. The catalytic activity of nanogel in dispersed system was higher than that of microgel, indicating that nanogels could improve glucose transport in hydrogel layer. Compared to the catalytic reaction of the PMMFc 75_50 %-GOD nanogel-modified electrodes with that of microgel modified electrode, the current response was improved by decreasing the nanogel size, as evaluated by electrochemical measurements. These results revealed that the smaller nanogels could improve both glucose transport and electron transfer via mediator by smaller size, resulting higher efficiency of enzyme immobilized electrode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopic study of extracellular vesicles using plasmonic gold nanoparticles","authors":"Tímea Bebesi ,&nbsp;Marcell Pálmai ,&nbsp;Imola Csilla Szigyártó ,&nbsp;Anikó Gaál ,&nbsp;András Wacha ,&nbsp;Attila Bóta ,&nbsp;Zoltán Varga ,&nbsp;Judith Mihály","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular vesicles (EVs), sub-micrometer lipid-bound particles released by most cells, are considered a novel area in both biology and medicine. Among characterization methods, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, especially attenuated total reflection (ATR), is a rapidly emerging label-free tool for molecular characterization of EVs. The relatively low number of vesicles in biological fluids (∼10¹⁰ particle/mL), however, and the complex content of the EVs’ milieu (protein aggregates, lipoproteins, buffer molecules) might result in poor signal-to-noise ratio in the IR analysis of EVs. Exploiting the increment of the electromagnetic field at the surface of plasmonic nanomaterials, surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (SEIRS) provides an amplification of characteristic IR signals of EV samples. Negatively charged citrate-capped and positively charged cysteamine-capped gold nanoparticles with around 10 nm diameter were synthesized and tested with blood-derived EVs. Both types of gold nanoparticles contributed to an enhancement of the EVs’ IR spectroscopic signature. Joint evaluation of UV-Vis and IR spectroscopic results, supported by FF-TEM images, revealed that proper interaction of gold nanoparticles with EVs is crucial, and an aggregation or clustering of gold nanoparticles is necessary to obtain the SEIRS effect. Positively charged gold nanoparticles resulted in higher enhancement, probably due to electrostatic interaction with EVs, commonly negatively charged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of bilayer biomimetic periosteum based on SLA-3D printing for bone regeneration","authors":"Xingguo Zhou ,&nbsp;Bin Zou ,&nbsp;Qinghua Chen ,&nbsp;Gongxian Yang ,&nbsp;Qingguo Lai ,&nbsp;Xinfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ideal biomimetic periosteum should have excellent biocompatibility to promote osteoclast adhesion and improve osseointegration, which is significant in promoting bone regeneration. In this work, a bionic artificial periosteum printed by the SLA-3D printing was prepared, consisting of a poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)/chitosan/tricalcium phosphate (TCP) fibrous layer and a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)/ammonium molybdate (Mo) cambium layer. Distinct surface characteristics were achieved on both sides of the biomimetic periosteum. Among them, the fibrous layer has high mechanical properties and low porosity, which is conducive to preventing the pulling of muscle tissues and the invasion of soft tissues. The cambium layer has a porous structure and bioactive factors that can effectively promote osteogenic differentiation of preosteoblasts. Combined with mild photothermal therapy triggered by NIR light, the biomimetic periosteum could promote bone regeneration at both the chemical and physical levels. This 3D-printed bilayer hydrogel can provide a promising strategy for preparing advanced tissue-engineered periosteum with excellent physical and bone regeneration properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114368"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folic acid-based hydrogels co-assembled with protocatechuic acid for enhanced treatment of inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"Ximei Ye ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Yinan Du ,&nbsp;Runan Zhao ,&nbsp;Lihang Chen ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Jiangning Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents a significant therapeutic challenge due to the need for oral drug delivery systems that withstand acidic environment of stomach while effectively targeting intestinal inflammation. To address this issue, we created a novel hydrogel system based on a folic acid (FA)-dopamine (DA) conjugate, co-assembled with protocatechuic acid (PCA), to form F-DP hydrogels. These hydrogels demonstrated robust anti-gastric acid, mucosal adhesive, and injectable properties, enhancing their efficacy for targeted delivery. In DSS-induced colitis mouse models, treatment with F-DP hydrogels resulted in significant therapeutic improvements, including increased body weight, reduced disease activity index (DAI), and maintained colon length. Biochemical assays revealed that F-DP hydrogels significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH and SOD) and reduced oxidative stress markers (NO and MDA). Histological assessments confirmed effective repair of the colonic mucosal barrier, restoration of tight junction protein ZO-1, and reduction of inflammatory lesions. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining indicated that F-DP hydrogels facilitated macrophages polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, thereby reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair. Our study demonstrates that F-DP hydrogels show significant potential for improving IBD treatment through enhanced gastric resistance, intestinal adhesion, and synergistic anti-inflammatory effects, warranting further investigation for clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114367"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prussian blue nanocages as efficient radical scavengers and photothermal agents for reducing amyloid-beta induced neurotoxicity","authors":"Ting Wu ,&nbsp;Xining Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuangfei Cai ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Rong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unusual accumulation of amyloid-beta 1–42 (A<em>β</em>₄₂) is an essential pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and development of A<em>β</em>₄₂ nanomodulators offers a potentially therapeutic approach to AD. Here, we report facile synthesis of the hollow mesocrystalline Prussian blue nanocages (HMPBs), which serve as versatile A<em>β</em>₄₂ modulators. Due to the hollow nanostructures and large specific surface area, they can effectively inhibit A<em>β</em>₄₂ aggregation by adsorption. They also exhibit robust near-infrared (NIR) photothermal effect for light-to-heat transition, which promotes the depolymerization of A<em>β</em>₄₂ fibers. Besides, they display ROS quenching ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals (•OH) caused by A<em>β</em>₄₂ fibers, alleviate cellular oxidative stress, and improve cell survival. This work provides a new kind of Prussian blue nanomaterial for multimodal A<em>β</em> modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of PVA-zein/α-tocopherol nonwoven mats for functional wound dressing applications","authors":"Debela T. Tadele ,&nbsp;Dency David ,&nbsp;Evelyn Yim ,&nbsp;Tizazu H. Mekonnen","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wound healing poses significant clinical challenges due to issues like bacterial infections, oxidative stress, and the need for sustained therapeutic delivery. This study aimed to develop and characterize biocompatible nonwoven fibrous mats composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and zein encapsulating α-tocopherol for wound dressing applications. α-Tocopherol was nano-encapsulated in zein proteins using an antisolvent co-precipitation method, followed by its dispersion in PVA solutions. The resulting composition was then processed using a novel, scalable, and inexpensive solution blow spinning (SBS) process that offers higher throughputs to generate non-woven mats. The resulting fibers in the non-woven mats, ranging in diameter from 350 nm to 796 nm, demonstrate uniform morphology, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy validated the successful incorporation of α-tocopherol without altering the chemical structure of the PVA-zein matrix. Rheological assessments revealed Newtonian behavior and a decrease in viscosity with higher tocopherol content, enhancing the processability of the mats. Mechanical testing showed that increasing tocopherol content improved tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus. The mats exhibited a biphasic release profile with an initial burst and sustained α-tocopherol release over 24 h, fitting the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and hence indicating a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Cytotoxicity assays confirmed high cell viability (&gt;90 %) and enhanced cell spreading, underscoring their biocompatibility. These findings suggest that PVA-zein/tocopherol fiber mats are promising candidates for functional wound dressing materials, offering sustained antioxidant activity and a favorable wound healing environment. Future work will focus on optimizing fiber composition for antimicrobial properties and conducting <em>in vivo</em> studies to validate their clinical efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of functional interface on magnetic beads via various amino acids and their application in chemiluminescent immunoassay as carrier.","authors":"Shihong Zhu, Daohang Du, Zhimin Zhao, Xianfeng Chu, Daoxiang Su, Shuli Yu, Ting Tao, Yong Jiang, Zhifei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic polymer microspheres with superparamagnetism, high specificity, and monodispersity play a crucial role in the field of in vitro diagnostics. However, the surface modification process of magnetic beads is often complex, and it remains a significant challenge to prepare high-performance magnetic beads easily. To overcome these drawbacks, herein we fabricated functional interface on magnetic bead with the various amino acid via the ring-opening reaction of amino acids with epoxy groups, with attempt to produce carboxylated magnetic beads (MPS-GA) in a convenient way. Results indicate that when compared to other amino acids, the phenylalanine magnetic beads (MPS-GA1) developed in this study exhibit strong adsorption for mouse immunoglobulin (IgG), streptavidin (SA), and protamine (PA), with an IgG adsorption capacity of 53.5 μg/mg and a coupling capacity of 52.5 μg/mg. It is found that electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interactions are key factors influencing biomolecular interactions. Additionally, these magnetic beads can generate strong chemiluminescent signals, significantly reducing background levels by up to 99.7 %. Therefore, the magnetic beads proposed in this paper can serve as carriers for chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), providing new insights into the synthesis of high-quality magnetic bead.</p>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"245 ","pages":"114364"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MMP2 enzyme-responsive extracellular vesicles as dual-targeted carriers to promote the phagocytosis of macrophages","authors":"Weishen Zhong ,&nbsp;Genpei Zhang ,&nbsp;Kai Yue ,&nbsp;Yongmei Song ,&nbsp;Zitong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combination therapy using inhibition of tumor cell escape and alteration of the tumor microenvironment offers a new strategy for cancer treatment. This study aimed to develop an extracellular vesicle (EV) carrier that regulates tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment to achieve efficient tumor immunotherapy. The ligand modified on carriers targets the immune checkpoint CD47 protein, blocking tumor cell escape. This ligand is cleaved by the MMP2 enzyme and assembles into nanofibers, extending the retention time in the tumor. The carriers target the CD206 protein, enabling efficient uptake by M2 macrophages. Carriers with a high density of ligands (anti-CD206) exhibit strong receptor<img>ligand interactions with tumor cells. Due to their high rigidity, these EVs have difficulty deforming during the transmembrane process, reducing resistance and resulting in low uptake efficiency by M2 cells. The optimal uptake efficiency by M2 macrophages is achieved when the mass ratio of ligand to EVs is 1:25. Crocin loaded in EVs facilitates the polarization of M2 macrophages into M1 cells, which can phagocytize tumor cells. This study reveals a potential strategy for using extracellular vesicles in tumor treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pH-dependent dynamics of human serum proteins on dialysis membranes: Cryptographic structure assessment, synchrotron imaging of membrane-protein adsorption, and molecular docking studies","authors":"Jumanah Bahig ,&nbsp;Hira Syeda ,&nbsp;Ahmed Shoker ,&nbsp;Huu Doan ,&nbsp;Amira Abdelrasoul","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proteins are fundamental to biochemical processes and critical in hemodialysis. This study investigates the impact of pH on human serum albumin (HSA), fibrinogen (FB), and transferrin (TRF) interactions with polyarylethersulfone (PAES) hemodialysis membranes. A multi-method approach was utilized, including protein crystallography for structural insights, hydration layer analysis to explore solvation and interaction potentials, molecular docking using AutoDock 4.0 for binding affinity simulations, and in-situ X-ray synchrotron SR-μCT imaging to observe protein deposition dynamics. Molecular docking revealed that PAES demonstrated superior binding energies and interaction patterns with FB and TRF compared to cellulose triacetate (CTA), facilitated by specific hydrogen bonding within a water shell. CTA displayed weaker, hydration-sensitive interactions varying with pH. Imaging studies indicated that FB showed higher adsorption at pH 6 than at pH 7.2, predominantly in the middle membrane regions. Similarly, HSA and TRF exhibited increased adsorption at pH 6, suggesting a stronger affinity under acidic conditions. Mixed protein solutions also indicated higher adsorption at pH 6, emphasizing an increased risk of membrane fouling. These findings highlight the crucial role of pH in modulating protein-membrane interactions and enhancing the efficacy of hemodialysis. A deeper understanding of hydration environments and their effects on protein binding affinities provides valuable insights for optimizing membrane design and performance. Clinically, this research suggests that fine-tuning pH during hemodialysis could mitigate protein fouling on membranes, thereby improving procedural efficiency and potentially leading to better patient outcomes through enhanced dialysis effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to enhance the hydrolytic activity of Escherichia coli BL21 penicillin G acylase based on heterologous expression and targeted mutagenesis","authors":"Tong Ye ,&nbsp;Zhengxu An ,&nbsp;Mengge Song ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Wei ,&nbsp;Lu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangjun Zhang ,&nbsp;Haojie Zhang ,&nbsp;Huiyan Liu ,&nbsp;Haitian Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Penicillin G acylase (PGA) serves as a critical biocatalyst for the hydrolysis of penicillin G, yielding 6-aminopenicillanic acid, a vital precursor for β-lactam semi-synthetic antibiotics. The catalytic efficiency of PGA, however, remains suboptimal in native <em>Escherichia coli</em> strains. To improve this, <em>E. coli</em> BL21 was engineered as a microbial cell factory via heterologous expression and site-directed mutagenesis to enhance PGA activity. The heterologous <em>pga</em> gene from <em>Providencia rettgeri</em> was integrated into <em>E. coli</em> BL21 (DE3) for the biosynthesis of PGA, achieving a PGA activity of 253 ± 2 U/mL after 16 hours of fermentation. The N167 site underwent mutation, producing the sites N167A and N167I. Plasmids carrying these mutations were introduced into <em>E. coli</em> BL21(DE3), and the enzymatic activities were recorded as 293 ± 3 U/mL for the N167A mutant and 238 ± 2 U/mL for the N167I mutant. This study not only introduces a novel approach to enhancing PGA activity but also illustrates the potential for catalytic optimization through targeted modifications of the enzyme's active site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":279,"journal":{"name":"Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 114356"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142610816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}