PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY最新文献

{"title":"Manipulation techniques of cyber fraudsters using the example of phishing attempts for private content","authors":"Marek Górka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8540","url":null,"abstract":"In today's digital environment, users freely use almost all available digital services, from opening and maintaining bank accounts, shopping, working, education, entertainment to sharing private content (photos, videos) and sending confidential information via email. The evolution of the Internet has also radically changed the nature of communication between individuals and influenced contemporary friendship making. The increased use of cyberspace to establish social relationships has also resulted in the emergence of new forms of crime, leading to the extortion of information, photos, videos or money. Consequently, this has increased the ability of criminals to seek out potential victims around the world and exploit ('hopeful') individuals seeking relationships with other users\" . Criminals use a range of dating websites and apps to contact victims, but are increasingly using social media platforms, including Facebook, WhatsaApp, Instagram, TikTok . More often than not, these types of relationships end in a form of blackmail and the articulation of threats to disseminate intimate images or recordings if the victim does not comply with certain demands, whether behavioural (sending more sexual images or continuing an intimate relationship) or financial . The phenomenon described above is one of many pieces of evidence supporting the thesis that perceptions of the Internet have long since moved beyond the limits of technology. Analyses of cyberspace are increasingly recognising this unique environment as a set of social practices. Tools for understanding how people use technology to, among other things, interact with other users are therefore gaining importanceEn el entorno digital moderno, los usuarios utilizan libremente casi todos los servicios disponibles: abren cuentas bancarias, compran, trabajan, estudian, se entretienen, comparten contenidos privados (fotos, vídeos) o envían información confidencial por correo electrónico. La evolución de Internet también ha cambiado radicalmente la naturaleza de la comunicación entre individuos y ha influido en la forma de entablar amistades. El mayor uso del ciberespacio para establecer relaciones sociales también ha hecho surgir nuevas formas de delincuencia, que conducen a la extorsión de información, fotos, vídeos o dinero. En consecuencia, ha aumentado la capacidad de los delincuentes para buscar víctimas potenciales en todo el mundo y explotar a individuos (“esperanzados”) que buscan relaciones con otros usuarios. Los delincuentes no solo utilizan diversos sitios web y aplicaciones de citas para ponerse en contacto con las víctimas, sino que también utilizan cada vez más las plataformas de las redes sociales, como Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram o TikTok. En la mayoría de los casos, este tipo de relaciones terminan en una forma de chantaje y amenazas de divulgar imágenes o grabaciones íntimas si la víctima no cumple determinadas exigencias, ya sean de comportamiento (envío de más imágenes de contenido ","PeriodicalId":278850,"journal":{"name":"PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135621019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process and non-procedural activities to disclose and secure prohibited substances","authors":"Patryk Theuss","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8549","url":null,"abstract":"Combating drug crime is one of the most important challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in the modern world. The infamous popularity of prohibited substances, in particular amphetamine and marijuana, is due to its availability and reasonable price. Eliminating the indicated threat requires such diligent operational work from the law enforcement authorities and the comprehensive use of legal tools provided by the legislator. Taking appropriate steps, both procedural and non-procedural, leads to a factual conduct of criminal proceedings in the in rem and ad personam phase. In the presented article, the author analyzed the current legal status in terms of possible procedural and non-trial activities aimed at disclosing and securing prohibited substances. An important element of this publication is also an indication of activities aimed at collecting comprehensive evidence in accordance with the principle of material truth, which is a constitutive principle of criminal procedure. The conducted analysis leads to the conclusion that in global terms, combating drug crime is a measurable benefit not only in legal but also social, economic and sociological terms.La lucha contra la delincuencia relacionada con las drogas es uno de los retos más importantes a los que se enfrentan las fuerzas policiales en el mundo moderno. La infame popularidad de las drogas prohibidas, en particular la anfetamina, pero también el cannabis, se debe a su disponibilidad y a su precio inasequible. La eliminación de la amenaza mencionada requiere que las fuerzas policiales lleven a cabo un trabajo operativo diligente y hagan un uso exhaustivo de las herramientas legales proporcionadas por el legislador. La realización de actividades adecuadas, tanto procesales como no procesales, lleva al desarrollo fáctico de los procedimientos penales in rem y ad personam. En el artículo presentado, el autor analizó la situación jurídica actual desde el punto de vista de las posibles de las actuaciones procesales y extraprocesales encaminadas a divulgar y asegurar las sustancias estupefacientes. Otro elemento importante del presente artículo es señalar las actividades encaminadas a la recopilación de pruebas exhaustivas de conformidad con el principio de verdad material, que es un principio constitutivo del proceso penal. El análisis lleva a la conclusión de que, en términos globales, la lucha contra la delincuencia relacionada con las drogas supone un beneficio tangible no sólo desde el punto de vista jurídico, sino también social, económico y sociológicoPalabras clave: registro corporal, control personal, drogas, decomiso, evidencias","PeriodicalId":278850,"journal":{"name":"PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135621024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Criminal law based environment protection — system of institutions","authors":"Wiesław Mądrzejowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8543","url":null,"abstract":"In Poland there are over a dozen bodies engaged in protection of environment. The tasks in the field of combating environmental crime are carried out by several institutions with varied duties and control and investigative powers, including appearing before trial court. The system of law enforcement institutions engaged in environmental protection is undoubtedly dispersed. There is no agency legally entitled to coordinate or influence the activities undertaken by other institutions within the system. The main role here is undoubtedly played by Environmental Protection Inspectorate. It was tasked with both monitoring of compliance with the environmental protection regulations in a very wide scope, as well as independent conduct of certain operational activities and granted investigative powers. The role of the Environmental Protection Inspection will increase in the future, as evidenced by the establishment in 2021 of the Department for Combating Environmental Crimes at the Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. So far, the vast majority of investigations concerning environmental crimes are conducted by the Police. There are, however, no specialised police units fighting environmental crimes and corresponding activities are carried out by departments combating economic crimes. Cases concerning organized forms of environmental crime are conducted by the Central Investigation Bureau of Police. No coherent strategy to combat environmental crime has been developed so far. Cooperation between various involved institutions is based on bilateral and multilateral agreements. An undertaking necessary to improve the effectiveness of combating environmental crimes is currently primarily the creation of common database of these crimes mechanisms and perpetrators, as well as creation of an analytical structure dealing with this issueEn Polonia, la protección del medio ambiente corre a cargo de más de una docena de instituciones. Las tareas en el ámbito del delito contra el medio ambiente son llevadas a cabo por las instituciones a las que se han impuesto una serie de obligaciones y se les han otorgado diversas competencias relacionadas con la realización de actividades de inspección e investigación, incluida la comparecencia independiente ante los tribunales de primera instancia. Es indudable que el sistema de instituciones de protección penal del medio ambiente tiene un carácter fragmentario. Ninguna de las instituciones que lo componen tiene poderes de coordinación definidos por ley ni la posibilidad de influir en las actividades realizadas por otras instituciones. El papel principal aquí lo desempeña sin duda la Inspección de Protección del Medio Ambiente. Su misión consiste tanto en controlar el cumplimiento de la normativa medioambiental en un sentido muy amplio, como en llevar a cabo de forma independiente determinadas actividades de carácter operativo y se le han otorgado poderes de investigación. El papel de la Inspección va a crecer en el fu","PeriodicalId":278850,"journal":{"name":"PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135621022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATOR – a Universal Application for Forensic Comparative Examinations and a Statistical Analysis of Sample Parameters","authors":"Mieczysław Goc, Piotr Jastrzębski, Dorota Semków","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8542","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, both in Poland and abroad, computer analysis methods have been increasingly used in forensic examinations. The article presents the operation and functionality of the computer program called COMPARATOR which is a joint project of the Polish Forensic Associationand its Institute of Criminalistics. The COMPARATOR program is used for registration and presentation of images (samples) of handwriting, documents or their fragments as well as various types of forensic traces in 8 windows. The program allows of numerous useful operations in comparative and identification forensic analyses (including drawing, inversions, measurements, images overlay and matching). The application combines the advantages of graphic programs and spreadsheets - the user can directly perform statistical analyzes. It might also be used as a didactic aid for lecturers and speakers of diverse areas of expertise who want to present several images on the screen simultaneously in their lecturesEn los últimos años, los métodos de análisis informático se han utilizado cada vez más en las investigaciones forenses, tanto en Polonia como fuera del país. El presente artículo contiene una descripción del funcionamiento y las funciones del programa informático KOMPARATOR, que es un proyecto conjunto de la Asociación Forense de Polonia y el Instituto Forense Polaco PTK. El programa KOMPARATOR se utiliza para registrar y presentar en 8 ventanas escaneos (fotografías) de diversos tipos de objetos, verbigracia, firmas, registros textuales, documentos o sus fragmentos y otros rastros forenses (mecanoscópicos, rastros en casquillos y balas, traseológicos, antropológicos, etc.). El programa permite realizar una serie de operaciones útiles a la hora de realizar análisis forenses de identificación comparativa (por ejemplo, dibujar segmentos, ángulos, polígonos, inversiones, mediciones, superposición de imágenes y cotejo). La aplicación combina las ventajas de los programas gráficos y de las hojas de cálculo: permite realizar directamente análisis estadísticos. Asimismo, puede servir de ayuda pedagógica para conferenciantes y ponentes de diversas especialidades que deseen utilizar en sus clases la presentación en pantalla de varias imágenes simultáneamentePalabras clave: Komparator, estudios comparativos, módulo de edición, módulo de geometría, superposición y recorte de imágenes, estadísticas","PeriodicalId":278850,"journal":{"name":"PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135621219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Police Training for Counterterrorism: A Comparative Analysis on Police Academy in Szczytno and Turkish Police Academy","authors":"Birce Beşgül, K. Betül Biçen Gören, Ülkü Nur Zengin","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8546","url":null,"abstract":"This article conducts a comparative analysis of the counterterrorism approaches and strategies employed by Poland and Turkey, with a specific focus on the contributions of Police Academy in Szczytno and the Turkish Police Academy. By examining the training, research, and collaborative efforts of these institutions, this study seeks to identify similarities, differences, and lessons that can enhance the effectiveness of counterterrorism measures in both countries. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolving nature of terrorism and highlight innovative approaches for future cooperation and knowledge exchangeEl análisis en el presente artículo compara los enfoques y estrategias antiterroristas adoptados por Polonia y Turquía, prestando especial atención a las contribuciones de la Academia de Policía de Szczytno y de la Academia Nacional de Policía de Turquía. Mediante el análisis de la formación, la investigación y los esfuerzos conjuntos de estas instituciones, este estudio pretende identificar similitudes, diferencias y lecciones que puedan mejorar la eficacia de las medidas antiterroristas en ambos países. Los resultados contribuyen a una comprensión más profunda de la naturaleza cambiante del terrorismo y ponen de relieve enfoques innovadores para la cooperación y el intercambio de conocimientos en el futuroPalabras clave: Academia de Policía, terrorismo, contraterrorismo, formación policial","PeriodicalId":278850,"journal":{"name":"PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135621020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identity Checks — legal provisions and practical applications","authors":"Dorota Czerwińska, Wojciech Jasiński, Karolina Kremens","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8541","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the regulation of identity checks in Poland and their practice. First, the article examines the constitutional and international law standards concerning identity checks. It is followed by the analysis of statutory and sub-statutory regulations relating to identifying a person focusing on conditions under which ID checks may be undertaken, agencies authorized to carry on the ID checks and the ways in which it must be carried on. The study underlines the important role of the case law in shaping the boundaries of the legality of ID checks. It is emphasised by the courts that the citizen’s duty to show their ID is predetermined by conducting a proper procedure by police officers, as well as by the existence of sufficient legal and factual grounds for checking one’s identity. The criteria of distinguishing between an ID check and a stop and arrest were also developed in the case law. In conclusions, it was pointed out that at the constitutional and international level there are no specific provisions relating to the identity checks. However, the Constitution of the Republic of Poland requires statutory regulation of the prerequisites and key issues of the procedure for carrying out an ID check. Analysis of the statutory regulation leads to the conclusion that the former element has not been met. The courts try to fill this with their case law, clearly indicating that and ID check may only be conducted if justified by sufficient legal and factual grounds. Nevertheless, the legislator’s intervention would be desirable. The authors also draw attention to the fact that the courts present a strict and well-grounded approach towards the distinction between identifying documents and detaining. The criterion in this case is not the purpose of the activities undertaken by the authorized body, but the degree and duration of the interference with the rights of the individualResumenEl artículo aborda el problema de la regulación jurídica del control de identidad policial en Polonia y su aplicación por parte de los órganos autorizados. En primer lugar, se analizan las normas jurídicas constitucionales e internacionales, seguidas del análisis de las normas estatutarias y subestatutarias relativas a esta actividad. Se presta atención a los requisitos previos del control de identidad, al problema de la determinación de la autoridad competente para ejercer esta actividad y a su curso. El estudio también señala la gran relevancia de las decisiones judiciales para determinar los límites de la legalidad de dicha actividad. La jurisprudencia subraya que la estricta observancia del procedimiento del control de identidad por parte de los agentes de policía, así como la existencia de premisas que justifiquen la comprobación de la identidad de un individuo, revisten una importancia esencial para la actualización del deber de identificarse. Los tribunales también han desarrollado criterios para distinguir entre el control de identidad y la detención. En","PeriodicalId":278850,"journal":{"name":"PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135621026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meaning dualism and ambiguity of alert degrees in the Anti-Terrorist Activities Act","authors":"Sylwester Smoleński","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8548","url":null,"abstract":"The long-awaited act of June 10, 2016 on anti-terrorist measures introduced the institution of alert levels to the Polish legal system, i.e. universally applicable law. Unfortunately, in this act we come across the single-sounding phrase “alert levels” in two senses; sometimes as a set of 8 degrees referred to in the act, but sometimes also as 4 alert levels: Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta. Moreover, in this act the abbreviation CRP (CRP alert levels) appears, which is not described anywhere. This article takes a closer look at the origins of today’s alert levels and presents the aforementioned identified issues: the semantic dualism of the term “alert levels” and the ambiguity of the “CRP” abbreviation. The author presents his proposed solutions to these problems in the summaryLa largamente esperada Ley de 10 de junio de 2016 sobre actividades antiterroristas incorporó al ordenamiento jurídico polaco la institución de los grados de alerta, una ley de aplicación universal. Lamentablemente, en esta ley nos encontramos con la expresión unívoca \"niveles de alerta\" en dos sentidos, una vez como el conjunto de ocho niveles a los que se refiere la ley, y otra vez como los cuatro niveles de alerta: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie y Delta. Además, la abreviatura CRP (niveles de alerta CRP) no aparece en ninguna parte de esta ley. El artículo examina más de cerca los orígenes de los niveles de alerta actuales y presenta los problemas identificados anteriormente: el dualismo semántico del término \"niveles de alerta\" y la ambigüedad de la abreviatura CRP. El autor concluye con sugerencias para resolver estos problemasPalabras clave: seguridad, niveles de alerta, CRP, antiterrorismo, contraterrorismo","PeriodicalId":278850,"journal":{"name":"PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135621221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary to the resolution of the Supreme Administrative Court of 24 May 2021, ref. no. I FPS 1/21Indirect control by the administrative court of the financial activities of the preparatory proceedings in criminal proceedings, resulting in the suspension of the limitation period for the tax liability","authors":"Mariusz Charkiewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.8545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.8545","url":null,"abstract":"The gloss draws attention to the fact that in the commented resolution the Supreme Administrative Court in created the construction of indirect control of certain financial actions of the pre-trial investigation bodies in fiscal penal proceedings, which produce effects in the material-legal situation of the taxpayer. The resolution is undoubtedly an example of the law-making (norm-creating) role of the jurisprudence of administrative courts.The ruling guaranteed the comprehensive (complete) nature of the administrative court's control over the activities of the tax authorities, also when certain material-legal effects are triggered by actions taken under the provisions of criminal law by the financial pre-trial authoritiesEn la glosa se señala que, en la resolución comentada el Tribunal Supremo Administrativo creó la construcción de un control indirecto de determinadas actuaciones financieras de los órganos de instrucción en los procedimientos penales fiscales, que producen efectos sobre la situación material y jurídica del contribuyente. La resolución es, sin duda, un ejemplo de la función legisladora (creadora de normas) de las sentencias de los tribunales administrativos. La sentencia garantizó el carácter integral (completo) del control del tribunal administrativo sobre la actuación de la administración tributaria, también cuando se desencadenan determinados efectos relacionados con el derecho sustantivo como consecuencia de las medidas adoptadas sobre la base de las disposiciones del derecho penal por las autoridades de investigación prejudicial financieraPalabras clave: legislación fiscal, control jurisdiccional de la administración fiscal, suspensión de la prescripción de una obligación tributaria, carácter normativo de la justicia administrativa","PeriodicalId":278850,"journal":{"name":"PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135621023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spoeczna odpowiedzialno polskiej suby zdrowia w dobie pandemii COVID-19","authors":"Dominik Hryszkiewicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7249","url":null,"abstract":"Suba zdrowia w Polsce od kilkudziesiciu lat jest instytucj znajdujc si w centrum uwagi zarwno rzdzcych, jak i caego spoeczestwa. Powodw takiego zainteresowania jest wiele, poczwszy od aspektu ekonomicznego, koczc na sferze polityki spoecznej pastwa. Niniejszy artyku stanowi spojrzenie na problematyk zdrowotn w kraju z nieco innego punktu widzenia. Zawiera analiz instytucji systemu opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce pod ktem jego wielowymiarowej odpowiedzialnoci spoecznej jako szczeglnego rodzaju zobowiza wobec wszystkich czonkw spoeczestwa. Ukazuje spoeczn odpowiedzialno jako nowoczesne narzdzie zarzdzania wspczesnymi organizacjami, rwnie publicznymi. Opracowanie zawiera ponadto analiz moliwoci zastosowania postulatw koncepcji spoecznej odpowiedzialnoci w procesie zarzdzania sub zdrowia w obszarze bezpieczestwa zdrowotnego. System opieki zdrowotnej w Polsce jest jednym z najwaniejszych strategicznie dla polityki spoecznej pastwa obszarem, ktry w ostatnim czasie zosta poddany zapewne najwikszej prbie w powojennej historii naszego kraju. Coraz czciej wrd praktykw oraz autorw opracowa z zakresu nauk spoecznych spotyka si uywanie pojcia bezpieczestwa zdrowotnego jako zagadnienia stanowicego nieodczny element projektowania strategii bezpieczestwa wewntrznego pastwa. Take pod tym ktem autor analizuje system opieki zdrowotnej jako zbioru instytucji, stanowicych jedno z najwikszych organizacyjne wyzwa zarwno dla efektywnej polityki spoecznej, jak i bezpieczestwa wewntrznego Polski w najbliszych latach","PeriodicalId":278850,"journal":{"name":"PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133270362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glosa do wyroku Sdu Najwyszego z 6 maja 2022 r., sygn. II CSKP 78/22 (aprobujca)","authors":"Małgorzata Grześków","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0053.7226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7226","url":null,"abstract":"Glosowane orzeczenie dotyka zagadnienia ju od duszego czasu obecnego w doktrynie i orzecznictwie. Jest to kolejna wypowied Sdu Najwyszego na temat dopuszczalnoci dochodzenia przez funkcjonariuszy sub zmilitaryzowanych roszcze przed sdem powszechnym. Analizowany wyrok jest jednak o tyle istotny, e przesdza nie tylko o dopuszczalno tej drogi sdowej (co zostao ju potwierdzone w dotychczasowym orzecznictwie), ale rozstrzyga rwnie o charakterze wiadczenia przyznawanego na podstawie art. 42 ust. 5 ustawy o Policji. Przyjta przez Sd Najwyszy interpretacja tego przepisu otwiera funkcjonariuszom Policji przywrconym do suby drog do dochodzenia od Skarbu Pastwa odszkodowania przekraczajcego wysoko wiadczenia okrelonego w tej regulacjiSummaryThe ruling under review deals with an issue that has long been present in doctrine and jurisprudence. The commented judgement is yet another statement of the Supreme Court concerning the jurisdiction of the court in cases relating to civil claims of reinstated officers. However, the analysed judgement is significant because it determines not only the jurisdiction of common courts (which has already been confirmed in previous case law) but also determines the character of the benefit granted under Article 42 paragraph 5 of the Police Act. The interpretation of this provision adopted by the Supreme Court opens the way for reinstated officers to seek compensation from the State Treasury over the limit specified in this provision","PeriodicalId":278850,"journal":{"name":"PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132312812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}