D. Rolando, Mehdi Abarham, G. Shankaran, Viral Gandhi
{"title":"Performance and reliability of a 5G smartphone RF-antenna system: Influence of temperature field","authors":"D. Rolando, Mehdi Abarham, G. Shankaran, Viral Gandhi","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357357","url":null,"abstract":"The last decade has seen a rapid evolution of wireless systems and smart devices. The advent of fifth generation (5G) wireless standards in the near future will undoubtedly accelerate the pace of this advance. 5G wireless presents a new challenge in that its devices must be scalable to a mass commercial market at suitably low costs. Thus, a significant tradeoff must be made between performance and cost — more so than was necessary for many previous generations of mm-wave devices. Simulation will become increasingly more important in helping to balance this tradeoff in a multitude of mass-produced 5G devices. This paper presents a simulation workflow and case study that illustrates the importance of a comprehensive multi-physics approach to designing wireless systems, with a view towards expected developments in future 5G and mm-wave designs. The electrical performance of the antenna under “ideal” (i.e. room-temperature) conditions is determined first. The electromagnetic (EM) results are then incorporated in a thermal analysis to determine the spatial variation of steady-state temperature when the amplifier and antenna are in a constant “on” state. The thermal solution is then fed back to the EM simulation to re-compute the antenna's electrical performance under the influence of radio frequency (RF) heating. The key in this last step is to not only account for the temperature-dependent material properties of the 3D model via spatially-varying thermal feedback, but also to account for the temperature dependent properties of the components in the driving circuit schematic. This comprehensive multi-physics approach shows the true potential for performance degradation of the antenna transmitting system. In particular, the effect on the important antenna performance metrics of impedance match, radiative efficiency, and tuned resonant frequency are considered.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116123453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Submicron local and time-dependent thermal resistance characterization of GaN HEMTs","authors":"D. Kendig, E. Yagyu, K. Yazawa, A. Shakouri","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357369","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an optical thermal characterization of a microwave power device with submicron features using thermoreflectance imaging. Recent advanced gallium nitride (GaN) technology is the basis for a microwave power amplifier consisting of an array of high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for very high frequency operation. With a micron or narrower scale gate and surrounding submicron features, a significantly high density of heat is generated. It occurs especially in a 2D electron gas channel consisting of aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) layer beneath the gap between the gate and drain. Due to the relatively long span gate finger width (longitudinal length ∼100 μm) with very large aspect ratio, some non-uniformity in thermal resistance along the line may occur. The objective region comprises multiple materials with submicron features having different reflective properties as a function of illumination wavelength. A previously developed hyperspectral full-band wavelength thermoreflectance imaging technique enabled an accurate characterization of the time-dependent temperature distribution to a pulse input along the gate finger. The localized and time-dependent thermal resistance helped further characterization of the thermal impact by utilizing a Field Plate (FP) on top of the gate line, which is known to improve the quality of the waveform from GaN HEMT power amplifiers. It showed only a minor increase of the local thermal resistance at the drain side in a submicron gap with the FP device. However, the method of hybrid analytic modeling also showed the potential extension of transient thermal design and analysis of GaN HEMT devices.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127086306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generative heatsink design for an automotive audio amplifier","authors":"R. Bornoff, Brad Subat, John Wilson","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357379","url":null,"abstract":"A classical heatsink design approach entails an assumption of the heatsink area extending fin topology followed by a parametric optimisation to maximize thermal performance and potentially minimise mass. This paper presents an alternative approach whereby the fin topology is identified as part of the optimisation process. This involves a generative heatsink growth stage so as to minimise the overall heatsink thermal resistance followed by a heatsink mass reduction stage that seeks to remove mass without unduly affecting thermal performance. Application to an automotive audio amplifier is presented, resulting in an 18% reduction in heatsink mass with no detriment to thermal performance compared to an existing angled plate fin type topology.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133484319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing a ThetaJC standard for electronic packages","authors":"J. Galloway, Eduardo de los Heros","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357370","url":null,"abstract":"Theta jc data are commonly reported for most electronic packages. However, a JEDEC standard that specifies best practices for performing steady-state Theta jc measurements is not yet available. Presented in this study are recommendations for making consistent Theta jc measurements, including criteria for mounting the case thermocouple, predicting the impact of TIM II material, bond line thickness, effect of heat-sink construction materials and testing variability introduced by different test engineers. At a critical Theta jc value, predictions show that case temperature measurements must be made using a thermocouple embedded into the case of the package.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124125136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient power map modeling in integrated circuits and power devices","authors":"Swati Saxena, K. Jain","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357363","url":null,"abstract":"In the following paper, a flip-chip package structure (Silicon die) is modeled using electronics cooling solver ESI Presto. Two numerical approaches are used to model large number of power sources referred to as “Power Map”. First approach is to model sources as rectangular patches on a surface. This approach requires geometry re-meshing. Second approach is to model sources as points which eliminates the need to re-mesh. Hence, large number of sources can be modeled without increases the grid count or simulation execution time. Results from these two approaches are compared and they match very well for the current mesh. A parameter sensitivity analysis is performed by varying power map parameters such as power amplitude, Gaussian pulse width and location on the die. The relation between input power and average temperature rise is linear in these simulations as expected. The point source method is used to demonstrate a case with very large number (10,000) of sources.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"50 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131574223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikel Garcia-Poulin, M. Ahmadi, M. Bahrami, Eric Lau, Chris Botting
{"title":"Thermal resistance of electrical insulation for bolted and clamped discrete power devices","authors":"Mikel Garcia-Poulin, M. Ahmadi, M. Bahrami, Eric Lau, Chris Botting","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357371","url":null,"abstract":"In power electronic systems, TO-220 packaged electronic devices are bolted or clamped to a metal heat sink for cooling. When mounting high voltage TO-220 devices to touch-safe heat sinks, electrical insulation must be used between the device and the heat sink. This paper experimentally explores the thermal resistance between bolted and clamped TO-220 packages and the heat sink due to the electrical insulator. Aluminum oxide insulators are experimentally compared to commercially available polyimide thermal interface materials (TIMs). Various TIMs are explored to reduce the thermal contact resistance at the alumina/metal interface including screen printed phase change material. Results show that thermal contact resistance (TCR) at the alumina interface is significant under both clamped and bolted TO-220 diodes but can be reduced up to 70% with graphite sheets, thermal grease or phase change material.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123498140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}