N. Klitzke, S. Polzer, W. Wilkins, B. Gilbert, C. Haider
{"title":"Comparison of junction temperature prediction methods through analysis of isolated 1-D thermal resistance model variables of an application utilizing forced convection of heat sinks","authors":"N. Klitzke, S. Polzer, W. Wilkins, B. Gilbert, C. Haider","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357362","url":null,"abstract":"Discrepancies between estimated and actual thermal solution performance may negatively bias early system design decisions and ultimately result in costly redesigns. In particular, an overreliance on manufacturer-provided performance data and insufficiently accurate prediction methods are two potential causes of large discrepancies. To demonstrate deviations between predicted and end-thermal-performance, three methods of predicting thermal performance were investigated. The reference design was a forced convection air-cooled computer chassis, consisting of four printed circuit boards (PCBs), each populated with four processors that utilize heat sinks. The three predictive methods used were rudimentary analytical calculations, spreadsheet based modeling, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The results from these methods were compared to measured results taken from the physical hardware test bed. A thermal resistance network model was used to describe the problem, and the comparison between the measured and calculated results for each element of the model was reported as a percent error. Note that in cases in which physical measurements could not be obtained, the comparison was made between the CFD results and the other calculations. All predictive methods using manufacturer-supplied thermal interface material (TIM) data indicated adequate thermal margin. When corrected TIM values were used, both the hand calculation method and the spreadsheet modeling method indicated adequate thermal margin; however, the CFD analysis predicted significant thermal issues, which were observed in the thermal test bed measured results.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125714833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigations of low temperature co-fired ceramic heat spreading interposer for the thermal management of three-dimensional packages","authors":"Si Huang, S. Ang","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357346","url":null,"abstract":"The heat density in three-dimensional (3D) power module packages is significantly increased because of the stacked structure and the small footprints of devices, making thermal management a key issue to maintain the performance of these power modules. This paper proposes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) heat spreading interposer as a novel cooling solution for 3D packages, and investigates the effects of various high thermally conductive materials on the thermal performance of the interposer, including graphene and pyrolytic graphite sheet (PGS). A two-chip face-to-face stacked configuration was used as the model for analysis and thermal simulations. Steady state temperature tests were performed on the LTCC interposers of different structures and integrated with different thermal spreading materials, and their thermal performance were compared.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"259 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120885922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fengyun Zhao, Y. Cai, Zipeng Luo, A. Kuo, Xin Ai, C. Kao, Zhemin Zhuang
{"title":"Application of thermal network approach to electrical-thermal co-simulation and chip-package-board extraction","authors":"Fengyun Zhao, Y. Cai, Zipeng Luo, A. Kuo, Xin Ai, C. Kao, Zhemin Zhuang","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357345","url":null,"abstract":"Today's electronic products are getting highly integrated. The thermal design can no longer be separated from the electrical design, and the chip, package and PCB (Printed Circuit Board) designs are tightening in the system design process. To address this challenge, the system level electrical-thermal co-design and optimization are of importance. In this paper, two different numerical approaches are presented on the system level electrical-thermal co-simulation of Huawei's computer server. The first one is based on the detailed modeling of chips, package and PCB, and the traditional finite element method (FEM) is used for the co-simulation. It has its accuracy advantage, and can provide detailed assessments of the system's electrical and thermal performances, and also the couplings between them. This approach is demonstrated through an electrical-thermal co-simulation of a merged chip, package and PCB design in the server. The second approach is based on a novel dynamic thermal model which has demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency especially in transient analysis of a complex system, and the fast network simulator is used for the system-level thermal simulation. In this paper, the computer server is decoupled into multiple domains such as air flows, chassis, heat sinks, PCB boards, packages, etc., and the thermal system can be reconstructed as an integrated model-based network. Both steady and transient thermal simulations are presented, and thermal simulation results are validated with the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115988922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Different questions of today's LED thermal testing procedures","authors":"G. Hantos, J. Hegedüs, A. Poppe","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357354","url":null,"abstract":"Our goal is to provide an overview of a few theoretical and practical issues of current LED testing standards and recommendations that we encountered during round-robin testing of five different types of power LEDs during our work in the frames of the Delphi4LED project. We focus on the JEDEC JESD51-14 and the JESD51-51 standards that have been commonly applied for LED thermal testing since these standards were published. CIE has also published their new technical report on optical testing of high power LEDs with a special attention paid to setting the LEDs' junction temperature for the measurements. An enhanced testing method is also presented to combine the benefits of both JEDEC and CIE documents. Conclusions are based on our own findings during the above mentioned round-robin testing that could serve as a basis for a high-speed hybrid LED testing technique.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127095778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Natural graphite sheet heat sinks: A review of the material properties, benefits, and challenges","authors":"M. Čermák, M. Bahrami, J. Kenna","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357353","url":null,"abstract":"A multidisciplinary feasibility study of natural graphite sheet (NGS) heat sinks, addressing the thermal, EMI/EMC, reliability, cost and manufacturing perspectives, is presented together with a brief overview of the relevant graphitic materials and a summary of the NGS properties (thermal conductivity, heat capacity, weight, electrical conductivity, emissivity, coefficient of thermal expansion). The high in-plane thermal conductivity (up to 600 W-m−1·K−1) of NGS and low interface resistance of NGS heat sinks can lead to good thermal performance despite the low through-plane thermal conductivity of NGS, but new designs are required. Low electrical conductivity offers a potential to decrease conducted and radiated electromagnetic emissions and significant weight reduction can be achieved due to the low density of NGS. The raw material cost of natural graphite is shown to be lower than aluminum and a high-volume manufacturing method is discussed. Low mechanical strength of NGS does not allow mounting using threaded holes in the heat sink, limits applications where a chance collision with other objects exists, and might have an impact on reliability of large power modules.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"335 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133958451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in oscillating heat pipes for passive electronics thermal management","authors":"J. Boswell, Corey Wilson, D. Pounds, B. Drolen","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357350","url":null,"abstract":"Oscillating heat pipes (OHPs) have been the subject of significant research. Prior literature includes examples with higher overall thermal resistances and temperature fluctuations than typically desired in electronics cooling. More recent research has led to more stable OHP performance, with thermal resistances competitive with conventional heat pipes while transferring higher heat fluxes from devices of complex geometries. This paper presents recent advancements in OHP-based heat spreaders and heat sinks for high power density, densely-packaged electronics systems.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"359 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122763997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Rogié, S. Grosjean, E. Monier-Vinard, V. Bissuel, F. Joly, O. Daniel, N. Laraqi, K. Vera
{"title":"Delphi-like dynamical compact thermal models using model order reduction based on modal approach","authors":"B. Rogié, S. Grosjean, E. Monier-Vinard, V. Bissuel, F. Joly, O. Daniel, N. Laraqi, K. Vera","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357347","url":null,"abstract":"The Compact Thermal Models (CTMs) became a standard for low-cost modeling of single-chip electronic packages. According with Delphi's method, their creation is time consuming since numerical simulations of a Detailed Thermal Models (DTMs) of the package have to be repeated for large sets of Robin's Boundary Conditions (BCs). Moreover Jedec standards do not provide guidance to consider multi-chip packages or to investigate the creation of multi-path transient behavioral models. The present study proposes a complementary method to create Dynamical Delphi-style CTMs (DCTMs acronym). This one promotes the replacing of the heavy computational simulations of a given detailed model by a faster reduced order model, built by the means of modal approach. At first, that multi-stage reduction method is applied with success to a single-chip package (QFN16) then to a dual-chip package (DFN12). As relevant results, the mathematical computation time is drastically shortened, which allows speeding up the DCTM creation procedure by 80%, without degrading its accuracy.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122603614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and optimization of contra-rotating fans","authors":"R. Mueller, O. Velde, C. Friebe","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357377","url":null,"abstract":"Axial contra-rotating fans can be one solution for compact, efficient, powerful air movement technology especially if the speed of each impeller can be controlled independently. No additional bladed stator is required. And this special fan concept has potential for better acoustic behavior. Nonetheless the design of contra-rotating fans is a challenging task since performance and acoustic depended on various geometric parameters as well as of their matching. Virtual methods including automatic optimization within the design process allow to create and to simulate a large number different designs in very short time at low cost compared to experimental investigations.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132013960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NASA ISS portable fan assembly acoustics","authors":"A. Boone, C. Allen","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357376","url":null,"abstract":"The Portable Fan Assembly (PFA) is a variable-speed fan that can be used to provide additional ventilation inside International Space Station (ISS) modules as needed for crew comfort or for enhanced mixing of the ISS atmosphere. This is important to avoid carbon dioxide (CO2) pockets that can build up because of the lack of natural convection in the microgravity environment. This fan can also be configured with a lithium hydroxide (LiOH) canister for CO2 removal in confined areas partially or fully isolated from the primary Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) on ISS, which is responsible for CO2 removal. The primary focus of this paper is to document radiated noise and the acoustic attenuation effects realized when circulating air through the PFA operating in its CO2 removal kit (CRK) configuration with a LiOH canister (sorbent bed) installed over the fan outlet, in place of outlet muffler. This report also documents the acoustic performance of the PFA with inlet and outlet mufflers in place. Lastly this paper documents an estimate of the acoustic insertion loss associated with a LiOH canister.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128313799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kelly, Phillip Fosnot, Jonathan C. J. Wei, Max Min, J. Galloway
{"title":"Multi-die packaging and thermal superposition modeling","authors":"M. Kelly, Phillip Fosnot, Jonathan C. J. Wei, Max Min, J. Galloway","doi":"10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SEMI-THERM.2018.8357348","url":null,"abstract":"Packaging density, electrical performance and cost are the primary factors driving electronic package architectures for high-performance server markets. Considerations such as thermal performance and mechanical reliability are equally important but tend to be addressed later in the design cycle. Presented in this paper is a historical view of the packaging trends leading to the current multi-die package options. Particular attention must be placed on the thermal limitations and benefits offered by each design. Since multi-die packages have many junctions of interest, a method for characterizing the package with arbitrary power conditions is required. A superposition method, using a matrix approach, is presented that will enable the end-user to investigate the effects of power levels on junction temperatures. Experimental data measured on a 2.5D package were taken to demonstrate the matrix approach for predicting junction temperature based on an independent power map. The agreement between the matrix model and data generated by an independent power map is within 8%.","PeriodicalId":277758,"journal":{"name":"2018 34th Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128798935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}