Chemosphere最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic phosphorus removal from water using core–shell manganese–iron nanocomposites: Adsorption performance and recovery potential","authors":"Dina H. Elsalamony ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Maamoun ,&nbsp;Osama Eljamal","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nano zero-valent manganese and nano zero-valent iron were chemically combined to form a bimetallic composite (nZVMI). The synthesized materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, along with kinetics, thermodynamics, and isotherm studies. Their capability, performance, and fundamental mechanisms for adsorbing phosphorus were investigated. Comparative tests demonstrated the synergistic superiority of nZVMI overusing both nZVM and nZVI alone. It was found that the analyzed bimetal acts as a composite with a core-shell structure that can adsorb up to 346.50 mg/g of phosphorus at 0.2 g/L of adsorbent dosage at a pH of 5 and for a 50 mg/L phosphorus solution. The reaction mechanisms of phosphorus using nZVMI were probably described as adsorption, surface complexation, co-precipitation, and electrostatic sorption. The adsorption mechanisms of the synthesized adsorbents fit the second-order pseudo-kinetic model. This study presents a new method for effectively removing phosphorus from water and improves the understanding of phosphorus interactions between nZVM and nZVMI. This bimetallic composite has a sustainable potential for effectively removing phosphorus from real river water with 99.5 % removal efficiency, providing phosphorus recovery, which is one of the priority agendas for global food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144781"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating plastic in organic fertilizers: A 2-year comparative study","authors":"Daniela Thomas ,&nbsp;Kristof Dorau ,&nbsp;Elke Bloem","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of organic fertilizers such as compost and sewage sludge to agricultural soils has emerged as a significant pathway for introducing (micro)plastics into terrestrial environments, where they may leach into groundwater, be ingested by soil organisms, or enter the food chain through plant uptake. The impact of plastic contamination introduced into soils via different types of organic fertilizers remains insufficiently quantified, particularly concerning the quantity, polymer composition, and particle size distribution of plastics. While research has highlighted the presence of microplastics in organic waste products, a comprehensive evaluation comparing various fertilizer types is lacking. This study investigates plastic contamination within seven organic fertilizers (e.g. green waste and biowaste composts, etc.) by analyzing polymer types, particle sizes, surface areas, and mass distribution in two consecutive years. While plastics were the primary focus of detailed characterization, the presence of glass and metal was also recorded to provide a broader context of foreign matter contamination.</div><div>Three out of seven organic fertilizers (dry chicken manure, digested pig manure, and mixed digestate) and straws remained visually free of foreign matter in both years. Each visual-isolated particle of the remaining fertilizer piles was manually analyzed. Attenuated-total reflectance with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and siMPle were used for identification, showing that 82 % of the foreign substances were plastic. The particle number, mass, and size distribution were further contextualized by incorporating pile surfaces and application rates to calculate plastic loads per square meter (m²). Key findings reveal that biowaste compost of 2023 exhibited the highest plastic mass (1.51 g/m²), while green waste compost and sewage sludge of the same year exhibited lower contamination levels (0.069 and 0.125 g/m²). However, variability between 2022 and 2023 was pronounced, complicating definitive conclusions about generally higher abundances of foreign matter. These results underscore the necessity for further long-term research to establish guidance on surveilling abundant foreign matter and incorporate this data into regulatory frameworks. Implications suggest that the quality of input materials and processing procedures plays a vital role in the particle mass and count of foreign matter, requiring stricter monitoring protocols to reduce the environmental impact of plastics in organic fertilizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144765"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling industrial plating effluent for rapid synthesis of Ag-decorated defective WO3 with enhanced photocatalytic activity","authors":"Patcharapa Youyencharoen ,&nbsp;Premsinee Junchum ,&nbsp;Naphat Posachayanan ,&nbsp;Auttawit Thoumrungroj ,&nbsp;Pimchanok Longchin ,&nbsp;Mali Hunsom","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A silver-containing industrial plating effluent was upcycled as silver source for synthesize Ag-decorated WO₃ catalysts for photocatalytic dye removal. WO₃ was first synthesized via acid precipitation and calcination, and subsequently decorated by silver species from plating effluent by photodeposition. Through the proposed procedure, the upcycled silver species were identified as Ag/Ag₂S, resulting in the formation of Ag-WO₃ catalysts with enhanced light absorption capacity, increased defect density, and improved charge separation efficiency compared to pristine WO₃. Content of Ag/Ag₂S decorated on WO₃ surface played crucial role in enhancing the activity of WO₃ for methylene blue (MB) removal. Among all synthesized Ag-WO₃ catalysts, the 4.8 Ag-WO₃ sample demonstrated the highest photocatalytic efficiency, achieving over 99 % MB removal within 90 min under visible light irradiation. Photogenerated h⁺ and O₂^•- exhibited an essential role in MB removal using the Ag-WO₃ catalysts. The results of this study highlight a promising and sustainable strategy for synthesizing the waste-derived, silver-based photocatalysts from industrial silver-containing wastewater. This approach aligns with the principles of green synthesis, offers strong potential for scalability, and supports the concept of a circular economy by promoting waste reduction through a simple, cost-effective method for addressing wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144793"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145691791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respirable mineral fibres in leaf surface dust: Micro-characterisation and evidence of a geogenic origin","authors":"Wenxia (Wendy) Fan ,&nbsp;Kim N. Dirks ,&nbsp;Alessandro F. Gualtieri ,&nbsp;Paul G. Young ,&nbsp;Ayrton Hamilton ,&nbsp;Janki P. Patel ,&nbsp;Timothy D. Christopher ,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Salmond","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Naturally occurring fibrous minerals, including erionite and amphiboles, are classified as <em>Group 1</em> carcinogens, and pose an environmental health risk when inhaled in respirable sizes. In volcaniclastic regions, road cuttings that disturb and expose fibre-bearing formations can release airborne fibres through weathering and human activities. To investigate this process, this study collected surface dust and rock samples from roadside environments in a New Zealand volcaniclastic setting and analysed fibre abundance, characteristics, and the connection between rock sources and airborne fibres.</div><div>Fibrous particles were detected in surface leaf dust on both sides of the road at all 11 sampling sites, with fibre abundance ranging from 462 to 61,595 fibres/cm². Of the 338 fibres measured, 93 % were within the respirable size range (geometric diameter &lt;3 μm), and 15 % met the WHO criteria for hazardous fibres (length ≥5 μm, width &lt;3 μm, aspect ratio &gt;3:1). Chemical analysis indicated that most fibres had Si/(Si + Al) ratios consistent with mordenite, while crystallographic data confirmed 84 % mordenite, 13 % erionite, and 3 % amphibole. Mordenite was also the dominant crystalline phase in the rock samples, and fibre abundance in surface dust correlated moderately with mordenite concentrations in the corresponding bulk samples (Kendall's tau = 0.49, <em>p</em> = 0.04).</div><div>These findings reveal an under-recognised environmental exposure pathway of respirable mineral fibres from roadside exposed volcanic outcrops, and highlight the need for further monitoring and health risk evaluation in volcanic regions where fibrous zeolite and amphibole minerals are naturally occurring and disturbed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144787"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyselenylsulfides as neglected central intermediates in Selenium cycling","authors":"Mathieu Martinez ,&nbsp;Markus Lenz","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selenium (Se) is an essential yet toxic trace element; it has one of the narrowest nutritional optimums of all elements. The speciation of Se significantly influences its mobility, toxicity, bioavailability, and bioaccumulation. Se environmental cycling has been generally understood as a sequence of bidirectional redox processes of Se species. Elemental Se (Se⁰) is considered a central species that is thermodynamically favoured in the redox conditions found in most environments. This study reports the identification of a novel group of dissolved species called polyselenylsulfides (with the general formula Se_xS_y²⁻). These species form upon the reaction of Se⁰ with sulfide. Using derivatisation and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, polysulfides (S_x²⁻, x = 2–6), selenide (Se²⁻), polyselenides (Se_x²⁻, x = 2–3), and previously undetected polyselenylsulfides (SeS²⁻, SeS₂²⁻, Se₂S²⁻, and SeS₃²⁻) were identified. The reaction was spontaneous and proceeded rapidly at alkaline pH (completed within &lt;24 h). A slower and incomplete reaction was observed at circumneutral pH. The fast and spontaneous reaction down to circumneutral pH suggests the ubiquitous importance of polyselenylsulfides in sulfidic environments and calls for revising the environmental fate of Se. The existence of polyselenylsulfides challenges the traditional ‘selenocentric’ view, which focuses on specific, bidirectional redox reactions that only involve Se species. Moreover, the perception of Se⁰ as a terminal, insoluble species in many anoxic environments is questioned. The adoption of a ‘chalcogenic’ perspective is proposed, wherein the selenium and sulfur cycles are closely interconnected and the fate of Se is governed by the presence of sulfide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144779"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145673025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective of the effect of caesium on nitrogen transport in the aquatic insect body of Kamimuria tibialis (Plecoptera) and Epeorus latifolium (Ephemeroptera)","authors":"Mayumi Yoshimura","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cs is absorbed into the insect body in a manner similar to K. However, the degree of Cs absorption and its physiological activity in the insect body differ from those of K. Following the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, radiocaesium was eluted and accumulated in streams. Consequently, aquatic insects exhibited uptake of radiocaesium; such contamination may have affected their body construction.</div><div>In this study, δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values were compared between legs and heads of two aquatic insect species, <em>Kamimuria tibialis</em> and <em>Epeorus latifolium</em>, sampled in radiocaesium-contaminated and non-contaminated habitats. At the non-contaminated site, δ¹⁵N differed between legs and heads in both species, whereas at the contaminated site, δ¹⁵N values did not differ in <em>K. tibialis</em>. The disparity in δ¹⁵N between body parts in <em>K. tibialis</em> differed among sites and the difference was significant between contaminated and non-contaminated sites.</div><div>The amino acid symport mechanism appears to differ between species and may be altered by the presence of Cs in <em>K. tibialis</em>, possibly because of their behavior, foraging modes, and the mobility of other contaminants in stream. The correlative results of this study may provide insight into the effects of radiocaesium on amino acid transport in the aquatic insect body.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144810"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disruptions in microtubule and mitochondrial dynamics as indicators for assessing nano- and microparticle toxicity","authors":"Hervé Hillaireau ,&nbsp;Daniel Perdiz","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nano- and microparticles (NMPs) hold great promise for applications in medicine, industry, and agriculture, but concerns about their impact on human health persist due to their small size and unique properties. This study investigates the cytotoxic effects of three representative NMPs: titanium dioxide (TiO₂), polystyrene (Psty), and a chitosan-based biopolymer (CSFe). Two of these (TiO₂ and Psty) are known for potential toxicity, while CSFe is less studied. Here, we examined the impact of these particles on two critical regulators of cellular homeostasis: microtubules and mitochondria. Cell viability assays revealed that CSFe particles were the least harmful, whereas TiO₂ and Psty particles, particularly the larger (0.5 μm) ones, which were significantly toxic. Interestingly, 0.2 μm Psty particles caused less toxicity than both smaller (0.1 μm) and larger Psty, likely due to lower cellular uptake. Further investigation showed that only CSFe and 0.2 μm Psty particles induced microtubule hyperacetylation, a stress response associated with cell survival. TiO₂ damaged microtubule networks without inducing hyperacetylation but altered the distribution of the +TIP protein CLIP-170, indicating impaired microtubule function and more particularly in growth rate capacity. Mitochondrial analysis revealed that CSFe did not affect mitochondrial morphology, while Psty (0.1 and 0.5 μm) caused fragmentation, a sign of cellular stress. TiO₂ had a milder impact. Overall, the study highlights the importance of particle size and composition in determining cellular impact and underscores the relevance of microtubules and mitochondrial alterations as markers of NMP toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144807"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145836580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and dietary determinants of metal and metalloid exposure in riverine communities of the Brazilian Amazon: A study on temporal variation","authors":"Lucas Cassulatti dos Santos ,&nbsp;Nathália de Assis Aguilar Duarte ,&nbsp;Marília Ladeira de Araújo ,&nbsp;Bruno Alves Rocha ,&nbsp;Alexey A. Tinkov ,&nbsp;Michael Aschner ,&nbsp;Fernando Barbosa Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the seasonal dynamics of the blood metallome and its relationship with environmental and dietary factors in riverine communities from the Tapajós River region, Brazil. A repeated cross-sectional biomonitoring study was conducted during the dry (October–November 2022) and rainy (April–May 2023) seasons across 13 communities, involving 110 participants assessed in both seasons. Nineteen metals and metalloids were determined in blood samples using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Significant seasonal variations were observed, with median arsenic increasing from 3.73 μg/L to 6.95 μg/L, and mercury decreasing from 21.9 μg/L to 16.4 μg/L from the dry to the rainy season. Essential elements such as copper (997 μg/L to 783 μg/L) and zinc (5676 μg/L to 4436 μg/L) also exhibited notable differences. Selenium concentrations remained consistently elevated in both seasons, associated with Brazil nut consumption. Multiple regression analyses revealed significant associations between blood metal levels, dietary patterns, and sociodemographic factors. These findings underscore the importance of considering seasonal variability in biomonitoring studies and health policy development for Amazonian populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144788"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145710546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submicron biochar induces developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Anying Chen ,&nbsp;Bing Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Li ,&nbsp;Qianwei Feng ,&nbsp;Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submicron biochar (submicron-BC) has been widely used in various fields for environmental pollution remediation due to its excellent physicochemical properties. However, its application may cause adverse effects on the environment and aquatic organisms. To investigate the effects of submicron-BC on aquatic organisms, different organic solid wastes were used as feedstocks to produce submicron-BC, and zebrafish was selected as the target test organism. According to the embryonic development experiment, ball-milled sawdust biochar (BSB) prepared at 450 °C was identified as the most toxic submicron-BC. The characterization results by atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope showed that BSB had irregular spherical surfaces. The embryos were treated with BSB (1,10, and 100 mg/L) for 96 h Its effects on the embryonic development of zebrafish were concentration-dependent and time-dependent. Specifically, BSB led to decreased survival rates, hatching rates, and body length. With the increasing of the concentrations (1,10, and 100 mg/L) and exposure time (1,4, and 7 d) of BSB, the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase initially increased and then decreased, while the content of malondialdehyde continued to rise in adult zebrafish. Comet analysis also showed that BSB caused dose-dependent DNA damage in the liver and gills of adult zebrafish. Humic acid could reduce the content of persistent free radicals in BSB, thus alleviating the toxicity of BSB to the embryo. This work provides a basis for exploring the toxic mechanism and environmental risk assessment of submicron-BC in aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144801"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145747811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrocarbon dynamics influenced by coal-related activities in a South Atlantic River–Estuarine System: Challenges for conventional source apportionment approaches","authors":"Ana Caroline Cabral ,&nbsp;Cristian T. Timoszczuk ,&nbsp;Fernanda T.F. do Nascimento ,&nbsp;Henrique J.R. Dias ,&nbsp;Jamile T. Nasser ,&nbsp;Jéssica M.V. de Araújo ,&nbsp;Rafael P.R. Marcelino ,&nbsp;William S.G. Brandão ,&nbsp;Sergio Antônio Netto ,&nbsp;César C. Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tubarão River-estuarine system (TRES), located in the South Atlantic, Brazil, is essential for water supply, agriculture, fisheries, and industrial activities. It has historically been affected by coal extraction, urbanisation, and industrial discharges, activities that generate significant impacts on ecosystem health, such as decreased water quality, habitat degradation, and potential bioaccumulation of toxic compounds in aquatic organisms. Nineteen sediment samples were collected along the TRES to assess contamination levels and evaluate the sources and spatial distribution of pollution. The study encompassed both aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total AH concentrations ranged from 3.86 to 69.4 μg g⁻¹ (mean: 25.7 ± 20.7 μg g⁻¹), with ΣC₁₀–C₄₀ <em>n</em>-alkanes accounting for 0.34–12.0 μg g⁻¹ (mean: 4.65 ± 4.07 μg g⁻¹). PAH levels were between 6.42 and 6440.2 ng g⁻¹ (mean: 1370.7 ± 1654.6 ng g⁻¹ for Σ₂₇PAHs, excluding retene and perylene) and 3.47 to 1540.8 ng g⁻¹ (mean: 323.4 ± 385.5 ng g⁻¹) for Σ₁₆PAHs. The TRES is strongly influenced by anthropogenic hydrocarbons, with the most prominent contamination observed in the upper reaches of the river and the Rocinha River tributary. The middle section of the system is moderately affected, likely due to dilution by tributary inputs, while the lower reaches experience consistent pollution from urban and industrial activities. Contamination pattern is potentially influenced by fine coal particles and sorbent nanoparticles derived from mining and other coal-related activities. In this context, these particles may also influence source apportionment analyses, which revealed mixed petrogenic- and pyrogenic-like signatures, consistent with the geochemical characteristics of coal-derived PAHs in coal-influenced systems. These data are crucial for monitoring long-term pollution trends, as environmental conditions and contamination levels typically change gradually, offering valuable insights for future assessments and regional policy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144822"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}