Chemosphere最新文献

{"title":"Fluorescent sensor approaches for mercury detection: Chemosensors, carbon dots, MOFs, and nanomaterials","authors":"Muazzama Khan ,&nbsp;Hasher Irshad","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury (Hg²⁺) is a highly toxic and bio accumulative environmental pollutant, where even trace concentrations demand rapid, sensitive, and selective detection in complex media. Although traditional analytical methods offer precision, their reliance on costly infrastructure and lengthy protocols limits field deployment. Fluorescent chemo sensors, carbon dots (CDs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and hybrid nanomaterials provide compelling alternatives, leveraging high sensitivity, tunable selectivity, and visual output for real-time analysis. This review critically evaluates recent advances in fluorescent Hg²⁺ sensor design, connecting structural and mechanistic features such as coordination chemistry, donor-atom interactions, and photo physical responses directly to analytical performance in terms of limit of detection, emission response, real-sample recovery, and solvent compatibility. A key finding is that superior sensitivity and selectivity frequently arise from integrated sensing mechanisms, in which two or more complementary processes for instance, coordination-driven quenching combined with energy transfer or nanostructure-enhanced binding operate synergistically. While CDs and hybrid materials exploit such multimodal recognition to minimize interference, MOFs offer exceptional structural programmability for environmental adaptability. Practical challenges, including matrix effects, probe stability, and reproducibility are discussed as critical barriers to real-world translation. In conclusion, we highlight how rationally engineered hybrid and nanostructured platforms, which unify multiple sensing principles within a single design, offer the most viable route to portable, sustainable, and field-ready Hg²⁺ monitoring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 144847"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A clean-up method to remove taurine conjugated bile acid isomers interference for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) analysis in biotic matrices by isotope dilution LC-MS/MS and investigation of other MRMs interference","authors":"Chunhai Yu ,&nbsp;Gavin Stevenson,&nbsp;Robert Crough,&nbsp;Jesuina De Araujo,&nbsp;Alan Yates","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a clean-up method to remove the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) isobaric interference from taurine conjugated bile acid isomers to the primary transition ion <em>m/z</em> = 499 &gt; 80 for PFOS analysis in biological samples. Upon the identification of taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) isomers interference, the sample was evaporated to dryness under nitrogen, reconstituted with 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, then passed through an Agilent EMR-lip Solid-Phase-Extraction (SPE) cartridge. The eluent was concentrated and re-analysed. The method has been successfully applied in PFOS analysis of serum, liver, egg, shrimp, and fish samples with comparable values between two transition ions <em>m/z</em> = 499 &gt; 80 &amp; 99 and spike recoveries from 70% to 125%. Another interference to <em>m/z</em> = 499 &gt; 80 in shrimp samples was investigated and tentatively speculated as taurine conjugate with unsaturated fatty acid. In addition, the method could remove the steroid sulfates interference to PFHxS transitions <em>m/z</em> = 399 &gt; 80 and <em>m/z</em> = 399 &gt; 99 in human serum samples. The Perfluoro-1-methylheptanesulfonate (P1MHpS), a branched PFOS isomer (<em>br-</em>PFOS), was identified to interfere with PFOS quantification in serum samples, causing either over- or under-estimation of PFOS values due to its response factors being 250% for the <em>m/z</em> = 499 &gt; 99 transition and 5% for 499 &gt; 80 transition. A calculation formula was proposed for quantification of P1MHpS and total PFOS values. About 20% of serum samples contained significant P1MHpS at 12-27% of total PFOS, indicating its high accumulation behaviour in human serum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 144863"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and recyclable removal of Congo Red dye using mesoporous Zinc-based metal organic framework","authors":"Roopa Kumari ,&nbsp;Tripuresh Shanker Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Roopal Pal ,&nbsp;Ranu Gadi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as advanced adsorbent materials in wastewater purification because of their high porosity, tunable structure, and exceptional surface area. In the present work, a zinc-based MOF (ZMOF) was prepared via a solvothermal method using zinc nitrate and terephthalic acid. The structural and surface properties of ZMOF were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, BET surface area analysis, XPS, and zeta potential measurements. These results proved that the crystalline mesoporous framework exhibited a surface area of 1188.43 m²g^-1, pore radius of 1.68 nm, homogeneous morphology, and a moderately negative surface charge of −11.54 mV, which could enhance electrostatic interaction with anionic dyes. ZMOF exhibited outstanding adsorption performance. About 92% CR could be removed within 3 min at a concentration of 3.48 mg/L. After being reused four times, 64% efficiency could still be maintained. The kinetic modeling showed that the adsorption fits well to the PSO model with R² = 0.989, indicating a chemisorption-dominant process driven by coordination and electrostatic interaction between Zn²⁺ centers and functional groups of CR. The post-adsorption analyses of XRD, FTIR, SEM, XPS, and zeta potential indicated structural stability with a dual contribution of physisorption and chemisorption. These results demonstrate rapid, recyclable and stable performance of ZMOF toward dye removal from wastewater, showcasing its great potential as a sustainable adsorbent for large-scale treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 144854"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defined microbial consortium with bioremediation potential: atrazine removal, phytotoxicity, and detection of genes involved in herbicide catabolism","authors":"L.A. Bazán ,&nbsp;E.E. Raimondo ,&nbsp;J.H. Pisa ,&nbsp;S.A. Cuozzo ,&nbsp;C.S. Benimeli ,&nbsp;M.S. Fuentes","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atrazine is one of the most used herbicides in Argentina. This stable and persistent compound was detected in the environment, even exceeding permitted concentration limits. In this sense, the present work focuses on selecting a defined actinomycetota consortium with atrazine removal abilities, determining the phytotoxicity of the liquid-treated systems, and identifying genes involved in the herbicide catabolism. For that, four actinomycetota consortia (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were tested about their ability to grow and remove 25 and 50 mg L⁻¹ of atrazine as the only carbon source. The best growth and removal efficiency were detected for C1, constituted by <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. A2, A5, A11, and M7. This consortium was selected and tested on their ability to use atrazine as a sole nitrogen source, and no statistically significant differences (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) were observed between the growth values detected with atrazine as a carbon (2.98 ± 0.13 g L⁻¹) or nitrogen source (2.88 ± 0.18 g L⁻¹). However, a removal decrease of 13.3% was observed with the herbicide as a nitrogen source. Phytotoxicity tests demonstrated the ability of C1 to reverse the herbicide toxicity, especially with atrazine as a carbon source. Moreover, the presence of at least one of the genes that encode enzymes involved in the herbicide degradation was detected in all C1 members. These results demonstrated the ability of C1 to remove atrazine and use it as a carbon or nitrogen source, revealing their metabolic versatility and potential cooperative work, fundamental for the degradation of xenobiotic compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 144856"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in biocatalytic textiles enabled by immobilized enzyme for water purification and CO2 capture applications","authors":"Mohammad Neaz Morshed,&nbsp;Sweta Iyer,&nbsp;Vincent Nierstrasz","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biocatalytic textiles have emerged as a new class of functional materials that merge the catalytic precision of enzymes with the structural and mechanical advantages of textiles. Their combination of high surface area, flexibility, low pressure drop, and durability enables efficient mass transfer and stable catalytic performance, positioning them as promising candidates for sustainable environmental purification technologies. This review provides an overview of the progress, opportunities, and challenges associated with biocatalytic textiles for water purification and carbon dixoide (CO₂) capture application. Starting with fundamental aspects of enzymes and enzyme immobilization strategies that underpin the design and performance of biocatalytic textiles, this report summarizes the applications of biocatalytic textiles in the removal of dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, phenolic compounds and bacteria from contaminated water, demonstrating their potential for addressing key issues in wastewater treatment. Additionally, the emerging use of biocatalytic textiles for CO₂ capture is explored as a pathway toward carbon mitigation and efficient carbon management strategies. The review concludes with limitations and future research directions aimed at robust, durable, and industrially viable biocatalytic textile systems for catalytic water and air purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 144859"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the watchlist: How the TOP assay exposes untargeted PFASs for current and future regulations in consumer products","authors":"Christophe Bleuler ,&nbsp;Tania Bernardez ,&nbsp;Vanessa Inderbitzin ,&nbsp;Andreas M. Buser ,&nbsp;Harold Bouchex-Bellomie ,&nbsp;Philippe Favreau","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to human exposure and environmental risks, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in commercial products are subject to increasingly stringent and worldwide regulations. In this study, impregnation products (<em>n</em> = 25), textiles (<em>n</em> = 15) and food contact materials (<em>n</em> = 18), mainly from the Swiss market, were selected for their water- or grease-proof capabilities and assessed for the presence of PFASs. Total fluorine was detected in 52 % of impregnation products, 87 % of textiles, and 61 % of food contact materials by combustion ion chromatography. A targeted analysis of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), sulfonic acids (PFSAs), and fluorotelomer sulfonates (FTSs) resulted in individual PFASs concentrations that were all below 165 ppb. The application of a modified total oxydizable precursor (TOP) assay to the samples enabled the transformation of oxidizable precursors, including side-chain fluorinated polymers, into PFCAs, with average increases in concentrations of the targeted PFASs in fluorine equivalents by a factor of 23 600 for impregnation products, 1300 for textiles, and 420 for food contact materials. The PFCA fingerprints were dominated by short C₆ chains, which are currently being restricted by national and international regulations. In this context, applying the TOP assay uncovered a significant proportion of samples with precursors providing perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) concentrations above the 1000 ppb threshold, compared to a direct PFASs targeted approach. While providing a snapshot of the current market situation, this study demonstrates the usefulness of a TOP assay for enforcing regulatory compliance. It also highlights the prevalence of short-chain PFASs in commercial products despite the availability of fluorine-free alternatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 144841"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a 2D hydrodynamic model (IBER) to quantify pollutant loads in the Lerma River: A case study in the Toluca-north industrial corridor","authors":"Luis Jesús Osornio Berthet,&nbsp;Magdalena García Martínez,&nbsp;Oscar Cruz Castro,&nbsp;Jorge Meléndez Estrada","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of human activities on a watershed can be modeled through various approaches and tools, such as hydrological simulation models and water quality models. These models can help predict how deforestation, illegal discharges from polluting industries, urbanization, mining, and other human activities will affect water quantity and quality in the watershed. The present project seeks to analyze the impacts of human activities in the Upper Lerma River Basin in the Toluca Valley. This area has been severely affected by excessive demographic growth and the marked presence of industries. The main objective of this project is to identify the main sources of contamination in the area and evaluate their impact on the environment, proposing mitigation and prevention measures. To carry out this study, water sampling was carried out at different strategic points in the basin. The results obtained were analyzed to identify the main contaminants present and evaluate their impact on water quality, the health of the population, and the biodiversity of the area. In addition, through the use of geoportals such as watershed simulators and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the polluting routes of the industries present in the area were analyzed to determine their degree of responsibility for the environmental problems. In summary, this project seeks to contribute to the conservation and restoration of the ecosystem of the Upper Lerma River Basin in the Toluca Valley by identifying the sources of contamination, evaluating their impact, and proposing sustainable solutions to guarantee sustainable development in the area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 144862"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146230130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmentally relevant levels of BDE-209 induces proteomic and phosphoproteomic reprogramming in murine melanoma cells","authors":"Mariana Galvão Ferrarini ,&nbsp;Micheli Marchi ,&nbsp;Erick Laurent Moggio ,&nbsp;Hulyana Brum ,&nbsp;Fernanda G. Kugeratski ,&nbsp;Michel Batista ,&nbsp;Ciro Alberto Oliveira Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Andréa Rodrigues Ávila","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), notably decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), are persistent organic pollutants widely used as flame retardants and frequently detected in electronic waste. Despite global restrictions, BDE-209 remains an environmental contaminant with bioaccumulative and potentially risk to human health. This study investigated the proteomic and phosphoproteomic effects of chronic concentration BDE-209 exposure in murine melanoma (B16–F1) cells, aiming to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying pollutant-induced phenotypic changes of malignancy. Cells were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of BDE-209 (0.1 and 1 nM) for 15 days, selected based on levels previously reported in human biological samples and on prior <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies investigating chronic low-concentration exposure, followed by mass spectrometry-based analyses. A total of 3369 proteins and 4422 phosphosites were identified. BDE-209 exposure resulted in distinct proteomic signatures, including the exclusive expression in exposed cells of proteins such as PRKDC, and modulation of pathways involved in DNA repair, mRNA processing, and chromatin remodeling. PRKDC is a key kinase in DNA damage repair, and it has been associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis in several cancers, suggesting its potential as a prognostic biomarker in BDE-209-related tumor progression. Additionally, proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, SUMOylation, mRNA processing, and oncogenic signaling (e.g., YES1, DIMT1, UBE2V2) were induced. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed differential phosphorylation of proteins linked to cancer progression, including TCOF1, IRF2BP2, and HDGFRP2. These findings demonstrate that even low-dose exposure to BDE-209 can modulate cellular signaling and promote malignancy-associated phenotypic changes, underscoring its potential role in worsening cancer prognosis and highlighting the broader health risks posed by persistent environmental contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 144857"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemometric modelling for eco-toxicological risk assessment of diverse chemicals towards mammalian species","authors":"Rajeshwari Das,&nbsp;Prodipta Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Shubha Das,&nbsp;Probir Kumar Ojha","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of chemicals in daily life can cause environmental pollution, raising global concerns about the health and safety of mammals and other species in the food chain. Many chemicals, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, etc., can get inside the body of an organism via inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact, causing toxic effects and potentially leading to the death of species. This research aims to assess the toxicity of diverse chemicals toward mammalian species, considering the endpoint as median lethal dose (LD₅₀). A partial least squares (PLS)-based quantitative read-across structure-activity relationship (q-RASAR) model was established by merging the structural and physicochemical properties of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) with the read-across (RA)'s similarity and error-based measures. An ARKA-RASAR approach was additionally applied to assess the model performance. Despite of stronger internal validation of ARKA-RASAR model, the PLS-based q-RASAR model was selected as the final model because of its improved external predictivity (Q²_F1 = 0.616-0.690; Q²_F2 = 0.616-0.689, MAE_test = 0.331-0.303) along with its lower complexity and ease of interpretation. For possible toxic substances identification, the q-RASAR model was also utilized to screen the Pesticides Properties DataBase (PPDB) and ECOTOX repository, ensuring the practical application of the developed model. The model revealed specific fragments like the polar surface area, electronegativity, molecular complexity, and lipophilicity, all of which are responsible for the enhancement of mammalian toxicity. This aids in the development of eco-friendly chemicals and bridging data gaps, thus bypassing traditional toxicity assessment methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 144877"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147286669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A recent overview of photo electro catalytic materials mechanistic insights towards PFASs degradation: By-products determination and AI/ML implications","authors":"Yaswanth K. Penke ,&nbsp;Pankaj Chamoli ,&nbsp;Huang-Mu Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Around 10000 compounds of Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) exposure is ill-affecting the environmental resources (Direct healthcare expenditures ∼ USD 100 billion). This review details electrochemical and photo-catalytic activities of various materials/composites towards PFASs degradation. The technical observations in the current work are majorly referenced from recent literature published in the last five years (2020–2025). The iron and titanium species have shown better remediation abilities which reported with majority of publications. Iron systems have shown better parameters for electrochemical activities (electro oxidation/reduction) whereas titanium sub oxides and bismuth sheets are better related to the photo electrochemical activity. Other 3d-metal systems like Co, Ni, and boron doped diamond, carbon structures (activated carbon, carbon sphere and aerogel) are also detailed with PFOA and PFOS treatment. In understanding the degradation mechanism, the radical species activity has densely dominated the process with the support of radical oxygen/sulphur species and charge transfers. Radical species activity, dissolved oxygen influence, and direct electron transfer (DET) mechanism are provided in understanding the heterogeneous catalytic reactions and redox materials chemistry. Decarboxylation (DHEH), and hydro-defluorination (HDF) mechanisms are explained with a set of findings based on catalyst and chain length of compound (Long/Short-chain). Determination of degradation byproducts and intermediates utilizing different state-of-the-art spectroscopy tools (LC-MS, GC-MS) are detailed in supporting the issue related to the secondary contamination in various remediation sites and necessary field studies findings (e.g., Landfills, WWTP). Implications of AI/ML towards efficient handling of the various PFASs treatment and management technologies are discussed briefly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 144852"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147313373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}