Chemosphere最新文献

{"title":"Seasonality, sources apportionment, human health risks assessments, and potential implications on the atmospheric chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in size-segregated aerosols from a Romanian metropolitan area","authors":"Cornelia Amarandei ,&nbsp;Alina Giorgiana Negru ,&nbsp;Cristina Iancu ,&nbsp;Romeo Iulian Olariu ,&nbsp;Cecilia Arsene","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization and industrialization are important transformations shaping the current statement of the society, enhancing significantly the combustion emissions which are threatening the global climate system, air quality, and human health. These emissions contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are well known for their high toxicity. The present study is the first assessing the seasonal variation of 17 PAHs in size segregated fractions of atmospheric aerosol particles from a Romanian metropolitan area. In addition to sources apportionment and health risks, the potential role of PAHs on the atmospheric chemistry in the area was also addressed. Higher PAHs concentrations were determined in winter season, the highest values being quantified for benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene. Each analyzed PAH exhibited a dominant peak in the accumulation mode (0.1–1.0 μm), with maxima at 381 nm. Gasoline combustion was identified as a significant contributor to the PAHs levels in the atmospheric aerosols from the area. Biomass-burning contributions were highlighted during the winter and autumn seasons. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model apportioned four PAHs sources, as follows: vehicular (31%), mixed combustion (33%), biomass and wood burning (19%), and coal and natural gas combustion (18%) sources. Concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis method revealed clear contributions to PAHs abundances from local and regional air masses. Alveolar region of adults seems to have the highest susceptibility for PAHs deposition. Values exceeding acceptable limits for carcinogenic risk throughout the year are associated with benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene etc. The present study can be considered as a reference in the region in order measures of mitigation and control for PAHs emission sources to be introduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143738"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"6-PPD quinone at environmentally relevant concentrations induces immunosenescenece by causing immunosuppression during the aging process","authors":"Jingwei Wu ,&nbsp;Shuhuai Shen ,&nbsp;Dayong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) could accelerate aging process. However, the underlying mechanism for the acceleration in aging process remains largely unclear. We aimed to examine the role of immunosuppression in 6-PPDQ in causing accelerated aging process in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. 6-PPDQ (0.1–10 μg/L) could decrease locomotion and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at both adult day-8 and day-12. 6-PPDQ at adult day-12 induced more severe immunosuppression reflected by decrease in expression of antimicrobial genes (<em>lys-1</em>, <em>lys-7</em>, <em>spp-1</em>, and <em>dod-6</em>) compared to that at adult day-8. Meanwhile, 6-PPDQ (10 μg/L) affected expressions of some transcriptional factor genes during the aging. Among them, at adult day-8, susceptibility to 6-PPDQ toxicity was caused by RNAi of <em>daf-16</em>, <em>bar-1</em>, <em>elt-2</em>, <em>atf-7</em>, <em>skn-1</em>, and <em>nhr-8</em>, and resistance to 6-PPDQ toxicity was induced by RNAi of <em>daf-5</em>, <em>daf-3</em>, and <em>daf-12</em>. Additionally, RNAi of <em>daf-16</em>, <em>bar-1</em>, <em>elt-2</em>, <em>atf-7</em>, <em>skn-1</em>, and <em>nhr-8</em> caused more severe decrease in <em>lys-1</em> and <em>lys-7</em> expressions in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, whereas decrease in <em>lys-1</em> and <em>lys-7</em> expressions in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes was inhibited by RNAi of <em>daf-5</em>, <em>daf-3</em>, and <em>daf-12</em>. The 6-PPDQ toxicity and 6-PPDQ induced decrease in <em>lys-1</em> and <em>lys-7</em> expressions were further suppressed by RNAi of insulin ligand genes (<em>ins-6</em>, <em>ins-7</em>, and <em>daf-28</em>) and receptor gene <em>daf-2</em>. Therefore, immunosuppression-caused immunosenescenece mediated the acceleration in aging process in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, which was under the control of certain transcriptional factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143719"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous deammoniation and denitrification under vacuum ultraviolet irradiation","authors":"Yuanzhong Lin ,&nbsp;Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Yuxin Zeng ,&nbsp;Wenqing Guo ,&nbsp;Tao Guo ,&nbsp;Lifeng Yin ,&nbsp;Yunrong Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxidative nitrate (NO₃⁻) and reductive ammonium (NH₄⁺) constitute the common nitrogen pollution in water. However, the high energy barrier of the comproportionation reaction makes it challenging for the deammoniation and denitrification reactions to occur simultaneously. This study evaluated the performance of simultaneous deammoniation and denitrification under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation. The results demonstrate that the reduction reaction of NO₃⁻ and the oxidation reaction of NH₄⁺ conform to the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, with respective kinetic constants of 0.012 min⁻¹ and 0.002 min⁻¹. The presence of Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻ inhibits the reduction of NO₃⁻, while HCO₃⁻ and CO₃²⁻ promote NO₃⁻ reduction and NH₄⁺ oxidation. The reaction mechanism of simultaneous NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ removal was proven through free radical capture and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments. It was determined that NO₃⁻ was reduced to NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, and N₂ by hydrated electrons (e_aq^–) in turn. While the free hydroxyl radical (·OH) produced by direct photolysis of water by VUV was identified as the key to the oxidation of NH₄⁺. When NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ coexist, they can capture e_aq^– and ·OH, respectively, thus avoiding the quenching of the two highly active species. Thus, energy waste is avoided and nitrogen removal efficiency is improved. The process study shows that the adjustment of the NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ ratio and the control of process conditions are essential for the synchronous conversion of nitrate and ammonium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143707"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon accumulation in road dust of a tropical megacity in southern Vietnam: Implications on environmental management","authors":"Nguyen Duy Dat ,&nbsp;Ngo Thi Thuan ,&nbsp;Nhung Thi-Tuyet Hoang ,&nbsp;Giang Tien Nguyen ,&nbsp;Ly Sy Phu Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the characteristics of 23 PAHs in road dust from various areas in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), focusing on spatial distribution, pollution levels, human health risks, and source apportionment. PAH levels in urban samples (residential and industrial sites) ranged from 208 to 7665 (μg/kg), significantly higher than background levels (135 ± 42.2 μg/kg). A west &gt; east gradient in PAH distribution, particularly in crowded traffic intersections, suggested traffic activities as a major source. Pollution load indices indicated moderate to very high pollution in most urban sites. Incremental lifetime cancer risk assessments showed moderate to high risks, especially for children. Statistical analyses and diagnostic ratios identified vehicular emissions as the primary PAH sources, with Positive Matrix Factorization analysis attributing 46.6% to gasoline vehicles, 21.9% to diesel vehicles and petroleum evaporation, 18.3% to tar oil, and 10.2% to coal burning. This study fills a significant information gap on PAHs in road dust, which has not been previously reported in southern Vietnam, specifically in HCMC—a dynamic and rapidly developing city in Southeast Asia. The findings highlight the need for synchronized management and technical solutions to mitigate PAH risks in road dust, contributing valuable knowledge on PAH accumulation in a major southern city of Vietnam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143700"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of a drop-tube reactor for fast pyrolysis of agricultural biomass: An effective way to valuable products","authors":"Artur Bieniek,&nbsp;Małgorzata Sieradzka,&nbsp;Mariusz Wądrzyk,&nbsp;Wojciech Jerzak,&nbsp;Aneta Magdziarz","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143698","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143698"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of artificial intelligence for chemical analysis and monitoring of pharmaceutical and personal care products in water and wastewater: A review","authors":"Babak Kavianpour ,&nbsp;Farzad Piadeh ,&nbsp;Mohammad Gheibi ,&nbsp;Atiyeh Ardakanian ,&nbsp;Kourosh Behzadian ,&nbsp;Luiza C. Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Specifying and interpreting the occurrence of emerging pollutants is essential for assessing treatment processes and plants, conducting wastewater-based epidemiology, and advancing environmental toxicology research. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly applied to enhance chemical analysis and monitoring of contaminants in environmental water and wastewater. However, their specific roles targeting pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have not been reviewed sufficiently. This review aims to narrow the gap by highlighting, scoping, and discussing the incorporation of AI during the detection and quantification of PPCPs when utilising chemical analysis equipment and interpreting their monitoring data for the first time.</div><div>In the chemical analysis of PPCPs, AI-assisted prediction of chromatographic retention times and collision cross-sections (CCS) in suspect and non-target screenings using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enhances detection confidence, reduces analysis time, and lowers costs. AI also aids in interpreting spectroscopic analysis results. However, this approach still cannot be applied in all matrices, as it offers lower sensitivity than liquid chromatography coupled with tandem or HRMS.</div><div>For the interpretation of monitoring of PPCPs, unsupervised AI methods have recently presented the capacity to survey regional or national community health and socioeconomic factors. Nevertheless, as a challenge, long-term monitoring data sources are not given in the literature, and more comparative AI studies are needed for both chemical analysis and monitoring. Finally, AI assistance anticipates more frequent applications of CCS prediction to enhance detection confidence and the use of AI methods in data processing for wastewater-based epidemiology and community health surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143692"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon flow allocation patterns of CH4, CO2, and biomass production vary with sewage and sediment microbial and biochemical factors in the anaerobic sewer environment","authors":"Jianfeng Ye ,&nbsp;Yi Zhu ,&nbsp;Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Yunhan Nie ,&nbsp;Jinxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Yali Guo ,&nbsp;Ning Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the carbon (C) fate in municipal sewers is imperative for optimizing current sewer-C-degradation control and treatment efficiency, aligning with China's C-neutrality strategy in determining the exact C budget of the wastewater system. This study used laboratory batch tests mimicking the anaerobic sewer environment and sewage-sediment stratification to evaluate C flow allocation (CFA) patterns in response to biotic and abiotic variables. We quantified the C equivalent mass (CEM) and used absolute quantitative 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize the microbiome. The substantial methane production (CH₄, 17.2%–18.8%) required both activated sediment and exogenous C, while biomass production (BP, 63.1%–74.9%) formed C sink predominated as the main CFA direction under the stratified state. This was supported by the high diversity, interspecific interactions, and metabolic capacity of the sediment microbiome. However, CH₄ and BP patterns demonstrated non-synchronicity and opposite dynamic characteristics. Carbon dioxide (CO₂, 64.0%–81.3%) production dominated the sewage CFA. The absolute abundance of the sediment microbiome, which was 5.6 times higher than that of the sewage, exhibited a strong increase in magnitude across the phases. It was primarily associated with biomass growth and N metabolism, whereas sewage showed differentiated and competing communities and appeared to act mainly as the exogenous C sources. We constructed a binary quadratic linear model revealing the non-linear relationship between ACK activity, DOC degradation rate, and CEM_CH4 rate; the former maintained low CH₄ production when the available substrate was insufficient. The influence of N and S factors on the CFA is complex and multi-faceted. These findings highlight the importance of further investigations into the process-based framework of the sewer C budget, focusing on the C source-emission-sink functions and mass balance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143744"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in Zurich, Switzerland: Sources, composition, and implication for secondary aerosol formation","authors":"Liwei Wang ,&nbsp;Jay G. Slowik ,&nbsp;Felix Klein ,&nbsp;Giulia Stefenelli ,&nbsp;Veronika Pospisilova ,&nbsp;Yandong Tong ,&nbsp;Urs Baltensperger ,&nbsp;André S.H. Prévôt","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of vital importance in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Understanding SOA formation remains challenging, requiring further investigation of both oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and SOA composition with novel measurement techniques. In this work, we deployed a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) to measure VOCs and their oxidation products in urban Zurich in summer 2016. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment method identified five sources, including two primary sources (traffic and local), and three OVOC sources associated with different oxidation processes in the atmosphere. Together with the deployment of an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS), this enabled a detailed understanding of the SOA components which were dominated by biogenic SOA and distinguished by daytime and nighttime chemistry. The combination of the two instruments provided new insights in the understanding of atmospheric processes by comparison of molecular-level secondary components between gas phase and particle phase. In the gas phase, two OVOC factors (32.1% and 16.7%) showed strong influence from the oxidation of aromatic compounds, exhibiting low atomic H to C ratios, and were distinguished by daytime and night-time chemistry. The third OVOC factor (19.3%) was characterized by strong biogenic influence. Similar temporal variations were found for the gas and aerosol phase, indicating co-evolution of OVOCs and SOA in summer. Besides, comparisons of OVOC compounds and SOA composition exhibited similar H to C ratio distributions for both the gas phase and particle phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143686"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced bactericidal effects of povidone-iodine in the presence of silver ions","authors":"Jiyoon Cho,&nbsp;Dongwoo Kang,&nbsp;Uimin Kong,&nbsp;Juri Lee,&nbsp;Joohyun Kim,&nbsp;Changha Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections worldwide necessitates the development of innovative antimicrobial systems for effective pathogen control. This study investigates the synergistic bactericidal effects of a combined system comprising povidone-iodine (PVP–I) and silver ions (Ag(I)). The PVP-I/Ag(I) system exhibited enhanced bactericidal activity against four key surrogate bacterial species: two Gram-negative bacteria, <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (<em>P. aeruginosa</em>), and two Gram-positive bacteria, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (<em>B. subtilis</em>). Our experiments revealed that Ag(I) interacts with iodide ions (I⁻) to form silver iodide (AgI). This reaction promotes the formation of hypoiodous acid (HOI), a more potent bactericidal agent than other reactive iodine species (RIS), by shifting the equilibrium of RIS released from PVP-I. Under representative conditions ([PVP-I]₀ = 1 mg/L, [Ag(I)]₀ = 5 μM, pH = 7.3), the concentration of HOI in the PVP-I/Ag(I) system was 2.4–3.9 times higher than in the PVP-I system alone, aligning with theoretical predictions. The bactericidal efficacy of the PVP-I/Ag(I) system was influenced by pH variations, affecting HOI formation. This system represents a promising tool for rapid and effective microbial control, potentially enhancing public health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143734"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Percutaneous absorption of two bisphenol a analogues, BPAF and TGSA: Novel In vitro data from human skin","authors":"Catherine Champmartin,&nbsp;Claire Seiwert,&nbsp;Matthieu Aubertin,&nbsp;Emmy Joubert,&nbsp;Fabrice Marquet,&nbsp;Lisa Chedik,&nbsp;Frédéric Cosnier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol AF (BPAF) and TGSA are analogues of Bisphenol A (BPA). BPAF is used in polymer synthesis, while TGSA is applied in thermal papers. The EU classifies BPAF as toxic to reproduction and TGSA as a skin sensitizer. However, TGSA's other health effects remain unclear. BPAF contamination has been noted among electronic waste workers, and TGSA exposure is documented in various professions. Despite the significance of skin contact, data on skin permeation rates for BPAF and TGSA are limited. This study aimed to generate percutaneous absorption data for BPAF and TGSA following OECD guidelines.</div><div>[14C]-labeled BPAF or TGSA was applied to human skin samples <em>in vitro</em> using Franz diffusion cells for 20 and 40 h, respectively. Key parameters such as steady-state flux, lag time, and skin permeability coefficient (K_p) were calculated. Furthermore, the distribution of the dose across different compartments, particularly within the skin, was evaluated at the conclusion of the experiment. Sequential strippings and epidermis-dermis separation were conducted for BPAF to predict the potential absorption of the remaining dose present within the skin.</div><div>The permeability coefficients for BPAF and TGSA were found to be 1.9 E−03 and 1.6 E−03 cm/h, with 22% and 23% of the applied doses absorbed, respectively. Both chemicals are classified as \"fast\" penetrants based on their K_p values. These findings suggest that BPAF and TGSA are absorbed through the skin, highlighting potential occupational risks through dermal exposure. The new percutaneous absorption data will enhance the assessment of the occupational risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"367 ","pages":"Article 143564"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}