Chemosphere最新文献

{"title":"Clarifying source attribution and the scope of health-risk conclusions for rare earth elements in road dust near coal-fired power plants","authors":"Luis F.O. Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study by Roganović et al. (2025) is, to our knowledge, the first to use road dust to examine rare earth elements in the vicinity of coal-fired thermal power plants and an associated coal-mining area. It reports a pronounced temporal enrichment of dysprosium and evaluates non-carcinogenic hazard through the ingestion pathway. The dataset and the spatial and temporal patterns it documents are a useful contribution to a topic that has received little attention. In this letter we do not question the reported concentrations, the observed patterns, or an appropriately qualified screening-level assessment. Rather, we ask that two conclusions be stated with a scope that matches the evidence. The receptor-based sampling design characterizes the occurrence and distribution of rare earths in road dust but, without characterization of local coal, fly ash, or ash-disposal material, cannot definitively attribute the measured elements to the plants or exclude them as contributors. The health-risk assessment, restricted to ingestion, supports a conclusion about non-carcinogenic hazard through that route under the assumptions applied, but not a general statement that the dust poses no risk to human health, because the inhalation route was not assessed. Throughout, we separate the analyses that would strengthen interpretation from those strictly necessary to support the results already reported, and we discuss source attribution, the dysprosium anomaly, the use of total concentrations, and the enrichment indices in that light.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"411 ","pages":"Article 145084"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148963813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Nucleation mechanisms of iodic acid in clean and polluted coastal regions’ [Chemosphere 253 (2020) 126743]","authors":"Hui Rong,&nbsp;Jiarong Liu,&nbsp;Yujia Zhang,&nbsp;Lin Du,&nbsp;Xiuhui Zhang,&nbsp;Zesheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"411 ","pages":"Article 145088"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous ozonation of the antiviral drug umifenovir (Arbidol): Reaction pathways and transformation products","authors":"Sergey A. Sypalov,&nbsp;Eleonora V. Danilova,&nbsp;Ilya S. Voronov,&nbsp;Ilya S. Varsegov,&nbsp;Anastasia A. Leshcheva,&nbsp;Nikolay V. Ulyanovskii,&nbsp;Dmitry S. Kosyakov,&nbsp;Albert T. Lebedev","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of ozonation for wastewater treatment requires a thorough understanding of transformation processes affecting emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). This study investigates the degradation products of umifenovir (Arbidol) during aqueous ozonation. Using HPLC-ESI-HRMS, 23 primary (intermediate) transformation products were identified, their structures proposed, and degradation pathways established. The highest product diversity occurred at neutral pH due to reactions involving both molecular ozone and hydroxyl radicals. Initial transformation pathways include sulfide group oxidation with thiophenol moiety elimination, and indole ring oxidation followed by debromination. Under excess ozonation, GC-HRMS and mixed-mode (WAX/WCX) HPLC-HRMS revealed over 42 low-molecular-weight deep degradation products. Most arise from parent molecule transformation (e.g., trimethylamine or thiophenol) and subsequent oxidation. In addition to expected products, side radical reactions such as chlorination and dealkylation were observed. The bromine atom in umifenovir enabled HPLC-ICP-MS quantification of bromine-containing transformation products without individual standards. Umifenovir is rapidly removed from the reaction medium; however, persistent intermediate and deep transformation products remain even under excess ozonation. These findings highlight the need for advanced analytical methods for transformation product identification and for evaluating ozonation efficiency based on product formation rather than parent compound removal alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"411 ","pages":"Article 145076"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External and internal mass transfer kinetics of phosphate removal in a UASB reactor treating landfill leachate: A generalized Fulazzaky kinetic analysis","authors":"Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky,&nbsp;Agus Sofyan,&nbsp;Adhi Yuniarto,&nbsp;Feril Hariati,&nbsp;Yuggo Afrianto,&nbsp;Rimun Wibowo,&nbsp;Khalida Muda","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding phosphate (PO₄³⁻) transport during anaerobic treatment is essential for improving nutrient removal from municipal landfill leachate. This study tested the hypothesis that the Generalized Fulazzaky (GF) equations can quantitatively distinguish external, internal, and global mass-transfer processes and identify the dominant rate-controlling resistance governing PO₄³⁻ removal in anaerobic systems. A laboratory-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor equipped with a gas-liquid-solid separator was operated under mesophilic conditions (38 °C) for 197 d to treat municipal landfill leachate. During the initial operating stage, PO₄³⁻ removal was limited because the anaerobic sludge (ANS) was still acclimating and granule development was incomplete. As the biomass matured and the influent PO₄³⁻ concentration increased from 5.02 to 10.93 mg L⁻¹, the removal efficiency improved from 25.25% to 57.79%. Linear GF analysis showed an excellent fit (<em>R</em>² = 0.9929), enabling determination of the <em>β</em> and <em>B</em> parameters for kinetic simulation. The global mass-transfer factor closely followed the internal mass-transfer factor, whereas the external mass-transfer factor remained consistently lower, indicating that external mass-transfer resistance governed overall PO₄³⁻ removal under the investigated conditions. Analysis of the C/N/P ratio further demonstrated the coupling between nutrient availability, ANS development, and phosphate transport. These findings provide new mechanistic insight into PO₄³⁻ biosorption in anaerobic systems and demonstrate that the GF framework is a useful mechanistic tool for interpreting nutrient mass-transfer behavior in laboratory-scale UASB reactors, providing a basis for future pilot-scale validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"411 ","pages":"Article 145081"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148889736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermal biomass valorization for circular fuel and chemical production","authors":"Rajesh K. Srivastava,&nbsp;Prakash Kumar Sarangi,&nbsp;Ramyakrishna Pothu,&nbsp;Omvir Singh,&nbsp;Rajender Boddula","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.145086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal conversion of lignocellulosic biomass has emerged as a viable thermochemical pathway for the sustainable production of bio-based platform chemicals or intermediates and then finally upgraded into biofuels. This approach evaluates the efficiency of hydrothermal hydrolysis in depolymerizing plant biomass that results in fermentable sugars and also value-added intermediates. It pushes to transform into transport grade biofuels via aligning with circular-economy principles and carbon-neutrality targets. This review analyzes key process parameters from a few selected experimental investigations, demonstrating favorable hydrothermal performance. The referenced studies were conducted at temperatures (ranging from 180 to 280 °C) and residence times (of 30–120 min) with optimal pressure range during thermochemical reaction. The study of these parameters enables the determination of optimal operating conditions for the fractionation of diverse biomasses. At 250 °C for 90 min, hydrolysis of waste lignocellulosic biomass achieved high cellulose conversion (67.5%) and hemicellulose degradation (54.2%) that demonstrates the production of significant quantities of furfural (3.8 wt%) and levulinic acid (4.5 wt%) as important platform chemicals. In parallel, hydrothermal liquefaction was conducted at temperature (300 °C) and pressure (10 MPa) that produced biocrude oils with an energy density (nearly 32 MJ kg⁻¹). This highlighted its further potential as a renewable alternative to fossil-derived fuels with results of biochar (containing 68% fixed carbon) via exhibiting high adsorption capacity and surface area. These properties of biochar made it suitable for bioremediation, soil enhancement, and long-term carbon sequestration applications. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) study of advanced or sustainable biofuel showed its results with an indication of a 47% reduction in greenhouse-gas emissions compared with conventional petroleum-based fuel systems. Further, climate-mitigation potential of hydrothermal technologies findings is validated as a robust pathway via efficient hydrothermal hydrolysis for biomass valorization and resource recovery within sustainable production frameworks. These analyses further underscore the need to transition from energy-intensive thermal conversion methods toward more efficient hydrothermal systems. Future research needs to focus on improving product selectivity via optimizing reactor design, and integrating hydrothermal processes within biorefinery. These research concepts can improve architecture to enhance overall environmental and economic sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"411 ","pages":"Article 145086"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148932116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When high accuracy misleads: Stability limits of supervised feature importance in QSAR biodegradation","authors":"Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supervised machine learning excels at target prediction but can mischaracterize structure–biodegradability associations when feature importance is treated as ground truth. Using the QSAR Biodegradation dataset (1055 chemicals; 41 descriptors), we compare targeted supervised models (random forest, XGBoost, logistic regression), unsupervised methods (feature agglomeration, highly variable gene selection), and non-targeted supervised approaches (Spearman correlation). We evaluate cross-validated accuracy and ranking stability via a top-10 selection protocol and a leave-top-1-out perturbation. XGBoost attains the highest accuracy (0.8569) yet exhibits ranking instability; random forests are similarly unstable. In contrast, unsupervised and non-targeted supervised methods achieve strong accuracy (≈0.819–0.849) with perfect stability. Results caution against equating high predictive accuracy with reliable feature importance and support stability-aware, label-agnostic selection for interpretable materials science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 144846"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of immobilized direct Z-scheme ZnS QDs-Fe2O3 QDs|430-SSF photocatalyst film for methylene blue degradation with simultaneous hydrogen production","authors":"Yingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Jince Zhang ,&nbsp;Kehang Xiao ,&nbsp;Xue An ,&nbsp;Dawei Fang ,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional photocatalysts have the disadvantages of low sunlight utilization efficiency, weak interaction with contaminants and difficulty in recycling. In this study, ZnS QDs and Fe₂O₃ QDs prepared by hydrodynamic cavitation method and 430 stainless steel foil (430-SSF) are used to synthesize immobilized direct Z-scheme photocatalyst film. This photocatalytic has higher sunlight utilization rate, organic contaminants degradation and hydrogen production. Moreover, the small size and large specific surface area of quantum dots can enable photocatalysts to provide more reactive sites, increasing contact probability between contaminants and catalyst. ZnS QDs-Fe₂O₃ QDs heterojunction is constructed through hydrothermal reaction and coated on 430-SSF to prepare the photocatalyst film with 38.4 μm thickness. This design scheme completely overcomes the above defects. The experimental results show degradation efficiency of MB reaches 89.46% and hydrogen production reaches 422.5 μmol under simulated sunlight irradiation for 3.0h when mass proportion of ZnS QDs and Fe₂O₃ QDs is 1:3. The degradation efficiencies of MB using ZnS QDs-Fe₂O₃ QDs composite as photocatalyst are 2.19 times and 11.1 times higher than ones of using ZnS QDs and Fe₂O₃ QDs alone. More importantly, after multiple cycles of use, the performance and hydrogen production efficiency of photocatalyst show little decline, indicating excellent structural stability and good reusability. This research provides an innovative and practical idea for the preparation of immobilized direct Z-scheme photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic contaminants and simultaneous hydrogen production, which is of great significance for promoting large-scale application of photocatalytic technology in wastewater treatment and clean energy production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 144864"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green solvents for the extraction and bioutilisation of metals from coal fly ash by Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR1","authors":"Josh Bond ,&nbsp;Marta Maso-Martinez ,&nbsp;Andrew Sutherland ,&nbsp;Tim William Overton ,&nbsp;Andrew Goddard ,&nbsp;Vesna Najdanovic ,&nbsp;Daniel M. Chevrier ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Gomez Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Alfred Fernandez-Castane","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal fly ash (CFA), a metal-rich byproduct of coal combustion is produced in vast quantities and poses significant ecological risks. CFA also contains abundant technologically relevant metal oxides and trace metals, including rare earth elements (REE), often at higher concentrations than in primary ores. This makes sustainable recovery strategies a major industrial opportunity. Here, green solvent systems were applied to leach metals from CFA, and the resulting leachates were added to cultures of <em>Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense</em> (MSR1), a model magnetotactic bacterium that biomineralizes iron into membrane-bound magnetic nanoparticles (magnetosomes) and is capable of interacting with non-iron metals through adsorption and biomineralization. Eleven green solvents, including deep eutectic solvents (DES), were tested for extraction efficiency, with six showing performance comparable to a mineral acid control. Copper (Cu) emerged as the primary toxicant to MSR1, prompting selective precipitation with potassium ferrocyanide trihydrate (PFCT) to reduce its concentration. Cu-depleted lactic acid-based leachates supported MSR1 growth and magnetosome formation even without supplemented iron. Nano-XRF and ICP-MS analysis revealed MSR1 interacts with CFA-derived metals, most significantly showing that produced CFA magnetosomes contained a 5.3–6.1-fold increase in Cu compared to controls. As Cu is both a growth inhibitor and a target pollutant, these findings suggest MSR1 may bioaccumulate Cu within magnetosomes as a detoxification strategy. Overall, this study demonstrates a combined chemical–biological route for CFA valorisation, enabling recovery of diverse metals from waste while producing magnetosomes with distinct compositions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 144839"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic liquids towards safer solvents: Toxicity and its assessment by physical and computational methods","authors":"N.O. Atamas ,&nbsp;K.S. Yablochkova ,&nbsp;I.P. Matushko ,&nbsp;M.M. Lazarenko","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review examines various aspects of ionic liquid (IL) toxicity related to the structure of ions and cations, as well as methodologies for their study, from <em>in vitro</em> studies to computer models. All discussed approaches focus on their use in assessing the potential environmental risks associated with ILs and their toxicity to living organisms. The synthesis of various integrated approaches to IL toxicity analysis provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the implications of their use in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. This review promotes further research into the properties of ILs, including toxicity assessment, which should lead to the development of common approaches and a regulatory framework for IL toxicity analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"397 ","pages":"Article 144874"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of anaerobic digestate and wood ash on phenanthrene bioaccessibility and mineralisation in soil","authors":"Adesola S. Ojo,&nbsp;Chisom Ejileugha,&nbsp;Carly J. Stevens,&nbsp;Kirk T. Semple","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2026.144845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The environmental persistence and ecotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have stimulated considerable interest in understanding their bioaccessibility and biodegradation in soils. Factors such as contact time, organic amendments, and microbial inoculation can influence these processes. This study examined how contact time, bacterial inoculation, and amendments affect the chemical extractability and biodegradation of 9-¹⁴C-phenanthrene in soil. Soils were amended with anaerobic digestate (AD), wood ash (WA), or their combination (AD + WA) and monitored over 90 days. Lower recoveries of 9-¹⁴C-phenanthrene activity were observed in amended soils compared with the control, particularly in AD + WA treatments, with recoveries declining over time. Both dichloromethane (DCM) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) extractability decreased with increasing soil – PAH contact time, with a greater reduction in HP-β-CD extractability observed in AD + WA. Inoculated systems exhibited shorter lag phases than uninoculated systems, although bacterial numbers, mineralisation rates, and extents were similar across both inoculation conditions. Lower mineralisation extents occurred in AD + WA under both inoculation conditions. This study provides new insights into how AD, WA, and AD + WA influence PAH bioaccessibility and mineralisation kinetics in soil. The findings indicate that AD and/or WA can stimulate 9-¹⁴C-phenanthrene biodegradation under nutrient-limited conditions, primarily through biostimulation of indigenous microbial communities; however, bioaccessibility rather than nutrient availability or microbial abundance, ultimately constrained degradation endpoints. These results highlight the need for (bio)remediation strategies that enhance contaminant availability, rather than focusing solely on nutrient inputs or microbial abundance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 144845"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146075898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}