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Design Alone is Insufficient to Meet API 541 5th Edition Requirements for Reliability 单靠设计不足以满足API 541第5版对可靠性的要求
2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074493
T. Paschall, G. Donner, K. Lyles
{"title":"Design Alone is Insufficient to Meet API 541 5th Edition Requirements for Reliability","authors":"T. Paschall, G. Donner, K. Lyles","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074493","url":null,"abstract":"The Fifth Edition of API 541 [2] extended the uninterrupted continuous operation of motors covered by the specification from 3 years to 5 years and the service life of machines from 20 years to 25 years. The specification recognizes that uninterrupted operation for this time period involves factors beyond the vendor's control. This paper provides design, manufacturing, application, and monitoring aspects that will assist the end user in achieving these new service condition requirements. This paper discusses the importance of lubrication, ways to maintain low vibration levels from startup and during operation, accessories to protect vital machine components, selection of the proper enclosure for the application, stator winding connections, and proper use of space heaters in the field.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122243446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stator Winding Temperature Rise Testing for Medium and Large Polyphase Induction Motors Investigated 研究了大中型多相感应电动机定子绕组温升测试方法
2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074541
R. McElveen, Christopher A. Stockton
{"title":"Stator Winding Temperature Rise Testing for Medium and Large Polyphase Induction Motors Investigated","authors":"R. McElveen, Christopher A. Stockton","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074541","url":null,"abstract":"Motor stator winding temperature rise limits and test requirements are established by industry standards, customer specifications or the materials used in the insulation system. NEMA, IEC, and CSA standards describe how stator winding temperature rise is measured based on certain criteria, such as the rating or frame size of the motor. This paper details the differences in these standards and how the tested motor temperature rise varies depending on the standard being used. The value of temperature rise measured by embedded detectors placed in the stator slot is investigated and compared to the results from thermal stabilization tests where the temperature is determined from a rise by resistance calculation. Test data for Medium and Large motors is provided.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125234738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Successful Project Execution to Replace Four 15-KV Switchgear Lineups and Seven Medium Voltage Motor Control Centers During a 35-Day Turnaround - A Case Study 在35天的周转期内成功执行更换4个15千伏开关柜和7个中压电机控制中心的项目-一个案例研究
2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074538
Jacqueline Morris, Ken Long, S. Kelley, D. Cochran
{"title":"Successful Project Execution to Replace Four 15-KV Switchgear Lineups and Seven Medium Voltage Motor Control Centers During a 35-Day Turnaround - A Case Study","authors":"Jacqueline Morris, Ken Long, S. Kelley, D. Cochran","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074538","url":null,"abstract":"In many refineries and petrochemical plants, electrical equipment can only be replaced during a turnaround. The turnaround length and work space are key factors for work that can be accomplished within a finite time frame. This paper describes the project execution to successfully complete the scope of work in the allotted time. At an Olefins plant on the Texas Gulf Coast, a large amount of electrical equipment was removed and installed at six different locations during a 35-day turnaround window. The electrical equipment included four 15kV switchgear lineups, seven medium voltage motor control centers and high resistance grounding systems, five 15-kV switchgear relay door upgrades, 21,000 feet of fiber, four battery banks, two capacitor switching devices, four automation controllers, and four 15-kV feeder cables. The project execution topics covered are engineering, procurement, expediting, planning, pre-turnaround staging, and support, as well as the challenges discovered prior to and during the turnaround and how the team resolved the challenges.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132602418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Design and Testing of Large 2 Pole Variable Speed Pump Motors with Well Damped Rotor Natural Frequency 具有良好阻尼转子固有频率的大型2极变速泵电机的设计与试验
2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074530
J. Dias, Angelo Paulucci de Carvalho, Tobias Milani Dietrich
{"title":"Design and Testing of Large 2 Pole Variable Speed Pump Motors with Well Damped Rotor Natural Frequency","authors":"J. Dias, Angelo Paulucci de Carvalho, Tobias Milani Dietrich","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074530","url":null,"abstract":"High-speed induction motors are widely used in conjunction with frequency inverters to operate in different speeds and operating points. This solution is commonly found in the oil and gas industry and more particularly on liquid pipelines since it allows huge operational flexibility. However, on large electric motors many times it is not possible to avoid critical speeds within the operating range. Once these frequencies are excited, the vibration response of the equipment is high leading to mechanical and human risks. In these cases, the resonance region must be well damped to meet the API 541 5th Edition vibration levels. This paper will also highlight the importance of the multi-plane balancing as defined in ISO 21940 and a real example of an 7,300 HP 2-pole pump motor applying sleeve bearing.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126906431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IEC vs. IEEE/ANSI Medium Voltage Switchgear: Which One Should You Use and Does it Matter? IEC与IEEE/ANSI中压开关设备:你应该使用哪一个，它重要吗?
2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074491
J. Webb, Babu S Valiyattil, Terry Neighbours, H. Karandikar
{"title":"IEC vs. IEEE/ANSI Medium Voltage Switchgear: Which One Should You Use and Does it Matter?","authors":"J. Webb, Babu S Valiyattil, Terry Neighbours, H. Karandikar","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074491","url":null,"abstract":"Most companies engaged in the Oil, Gas & Chemicals sector have global operations. For simplicity, commonality and increased reliability of operations and for economies of scale in procurement the companies prefer to buy common products across all operations. When it comes to switchgear, the issue of which switchgear standard to follow then becomes critical with the IEC and IEEE/ANSI ones being most common. New versions of relevant circuit breaker and switchgear standards have been released by both IEC and IEEE in the past couple of years. An increasing degree of commonality can be seen in these standards. It is an opportune time to revisit the topic of whether it matters which set of standards is followed. In this paper, we cover the key similarities and differences between the underlying breaker standards and the switchgear standards, e.g., IEC 62271-200, IEEE C37.20.2 & C37.20.7, and see what the implications are for the applications seen in our industry.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122903571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Practical Application of a Sinewave Filter to Resolve ESP Motor Failures 正弦波滤波器在解决ESP电机故障中的实际应用
2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074519
A. Hoevenaars, M. McGraw, C. Burley
{"title":"A Practical Application of a Sinewave Filter to Resolve ESP Motor Failures","authors":"A. Hoevenaars, M. McGraw, C. Burley","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074519","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to address high failure rates in Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs), Oil Field operators have been encouraged to use either 6-Step Drives or PWM Drives equipped with sinewave filters. Although both provide improvement over PWM Drives without sinewave filters, premature failure rates in filters and motors are commonplace resulting in extremely costly repairs and even more costly downtime. Little can be done to improve the performance of the 6-Step topology with respect to voltage waveform distortion but significant improvement can be achieved with PWM topology through the application of a uniquely designed sinewave filter.This paper provides a detailed description of the problems associated with 6-Step and PWM Drive operation in ESP applications. Conventional designs of PWM sinewave filters are reviewed and a new design approach is introduced for PWM sinewave filters that lowers voltage and current distortion and provides nearly complete compensation for the motor’s reactive power while minimizing exposure to resonance. Case Studies on successful retrofits of a 200 HP and an 1100 HP ESP drive are discussed.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116774771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effect of Conductor Impedance on Current Limiting ARC Quenching Device Performance 导体阻抗对限流灭弧装置性能的影响
2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074542
R. Burns, A. D. Baker
{"title":"Effect of Conductor Impedance on Current Limiting ARC Quenching Device Performance","authors":"R. Burns, A. D. Baker","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074542","url":null,"abstract":"Low-voltage current limiting arc quenching devices are used to reduce incident energy and protect power distribution equipment from dangerous electrical arcing faults. Such devices function by applying an impedance in parallel with the arcing fault which is lower in magnitude than the impedance of the arcing fault. This forces the fault current to transfer to the lower impedance path, thus extinguishing the arcing fault. When retrofitting a current limiting arc quenching device to protect an existing piece of power distribution equipment, careful consideration must be made to minimize added conductor impedance between the quenching device and the equipment to ensure that the arc quenching device will be perform as intended. This paper describes the theoretical basis and the empirical tests used to determine the maximum allowable conductor impedance for a current limiting arc quenching device and how conductor impedance can affect arc quenching time.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116780280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drop in Motors, What You Need to Consider Beyond the Bolt Pattern 在电机下降，你需要考虑什么超出螺栓模式
2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074516
B. Parker, Michael A. Melnick, Neal Tara, J. Portos
{"title":"Drop in Motors, What You Need to Consider Beyond the Bolt Pattern","authors":"B. Parker, Michael A. Melnick, Neal Tara, J. Portos","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074516","url":null,"abstract":"The push to improve efficiency and lower cost has impacted electric motors. It is not uncommon to see a reduction in mass for modern medium voltage machines, and the actual footprint of the newer machines is smaller in most cases as well. Many drop in motors (mechanically interchangeable) perform very well. There are design constraints that may be overlooked when ordering a functional drop in replacement machine. Depending on the power, size, and speed of the motor, failure to meet the minimum base stiffness requirements can cause severe vibration issues. The combination of a transition base with a machine of a different mass can cause resonance issues, which can cost more than the motor to resolve. Changing from a stiff to a flexible rotor can cause unexpected vibration issues without an easy solution. The case study issues described in this paper could be experienced by any end user regardless of the original equipment manufacturer.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115506490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Analysis of a Decade of Electrical Safety Incidents in the Global EPC Industry 全球EPC行业十年电气安全事件分析
2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074527
Richard P. Anderson, Shawn McGaw, Giovanni Parra
{"title":"An Analysis of a Decade of Electrical Safety Incidents in the Global EPC Industry","authors":"Richard P. Anderson, Shawn McGaw, Giovanni Parra","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074527","url":null,"abstract":"Within the engineering and construction industry there continues to be an increasing emphasis placed on electrical safety in the workplace. National Fire Protection Association 70E [1] Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace provides practices for protecting employees from electrical hazards. In addition to electrical hazards, electrical workers are also exposed to other hazards. This paper reviews and analyzes ten years of safety incidents experienced by electrical and non-electrical workers at a company in the global Engineering Procurement and Construction industry. This paper categorizes the incidents into distinct electrical and nonelectrical categories. The paper then focuses on steps that have been taken to mitigate risk of future incidents, provides observations of general practices to reduce incidents, and provides recommendations for better reporting of incidents.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125670291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Applying API and NEMA Specifications to Limit Electrical Current Pulsation and Torsional Vibration of Synchronous Motors Driving Reciprocating Compressors 应用API和NEMA规范限制往复压缩机同步电机的电流脉动和扭转振动
2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC) Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074533
Troy Feese, M. Fanslow
{"title":"Applying API and NEMA Specifications to Limit Electrical Current Pulsation and Torsional Vibration of Synchronous Motors Driving Reciprocating Compressors","authors":"Troy Feese, M. Fanslow","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074533","url":null,"abstract":"Unsteady torque from a reciprocating compressor can cause angular oscillation of the motor rotor. The rotational system is electromagnetically coupled to the motor stator through the air gap flux. Proper sizing of a flywheel and the motor inertia are necessary to limit speed fluctuation and current pulsation.Some current pulsation is to be expected; however, excessive levels can cause problems such as unstable current and power readings, failed motor synchronization during startup, nuisance trips during operation due to high current, increased stator temperatures, and flickering of lights.This paper discusses how to evaluate current pulsation and compare them to allowable limits. The paper also gives background information on synchronous motors, exciter control, and V-curves, as well as modelling the synchronizing torque coefficient. Case studies are provided with recommendations for reducing speed fluctuation and current pulsation to acceptable levels.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120953196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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