Duane Leschert, Kris Sommerstad, E. Tremblay, A. Bennett
{"title":"Effective Documentation of Microprocessor-Based Protective Relay Configurations in Industrial Applications","authors":"Duane Leschert, Kris Sommerstad, E. Tremblay, A. Bennett","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074505","url":null,"abstract":"The protective relays used in modern industrial installations are complex microprocessor-based devices. Some of these relays deserve to be called Protection PLCs due to their complexity and flexibility. The impressive abilities of these relays require careful design and documentation of the intended functions and the philosophy underlying them. Inter-relay communications for high speed zone selective interlocking or complex control interlocking and inter-tripping add further complexities, as does the common practice of multiple design entities working on different portions of the same facility. This paper will consider the documentation schemes developed for two recent projects with complex protection equipment. Protection Philosophies, Protection Narratives, communications scheme documentation and programmable logic documentation will be discussed in an effort to illustrate a complete documentation scheme that will be useful both to a specialist and to field personnel in understanding the protection system.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129884154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Study of Implementing Cybersecurity Best Practices for Electrical Infrastructure in a Refinery","authors":"Henry George, Austin Arnett","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074492","url":null,"abstract":"Cybersecurity is quickly becoming one of the most important and potentially impactful risks to a process or refining facility. Cybersecurity solutions for electrical infrastructure can be challenging to implement due to the large number of devices which utilize a single set of passwords. To mitigate these risks, potential solutions can be expensive, inefficient, and time consuming to maintain. This paper describes a case study of developing and implementing cybersecurity best practices for electrical infrastructure at a refining facility with a low cost and low maintenance approach. The design approach for this case study employs a centralized solution to implement role-based user access control, automated device password management, and a centralized data aggregation and human machine interface platform. The paper will discuss the development of the cybersecurity best practices, design and implementation of the automation and cybersecurity platform, operations and maintenance, and lessons learned.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116331641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Next Phase in the Evolution of Safety by Design - Digital Switchgear","authors":"H. Karandikar, Terry Neighbours, R. Pate","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074536","url":null,"abstract":"Switchgear performance failures are rare but the results can be catastrophic. Digital switchgear enables a safer work environment through design enhancements which also reduce costs for the engineering, manufacturing, commissioning and operation of the system. The digital switchgear solution is increasingly being considered in electrical distribution and is available through multiple vendors’ portfolios. It is based on technologies such as current and voltage sensors with low-energy analog outputs, finger-safe digital test switches and IEC 61850 incorporated into modern numerical Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). Due to the increased simplicity and reliability and by reducing the interaction with the equipment by service technicians, operational safety is dramatically increased. In this paper, we contrast the characteristics of digital and conventional switchgear in terms of flexibility, simplicity, ease of use, efficiency and safety. The practical experiences gained from initial projects in the field are presented.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115851979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Competency – are We Taking It Seriously?","authors":"Martin Jones, Peter Bennett","doi":"10.1109/pcic30934.2019.9074769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pcic30934.2019.9074769","url":null,"abstract":"Relating specifically to hazardous area working, this paper will discuss how we can improve the competencies of all concerned to provide for a much safer workplace for everybody and assist in better protecting the expensive capital asset.The Author’s unique experience in managing an accredited Competency Assessment Certification Body for the last twelve years provides an informed view of the deficiencies in competencies for hazardous area working. It will offer a way forward for all key stakeholders to unite to provide a competency validation and assessment benchmark platform acceptable to industry and regulatory bodies alike. This, in turn, will enable a competency culture to be developed without any barriers and strive to ensure best practice becomes the norm rather than an aspiration.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131148309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ristanovic, Matt Taher, Thorsten Getschmann, Neeraj Bhatia
{"title":"Design Considerations in Selection and Sizing Large Synchronous Motors as Drivers for Centrifugal Compressors in LNG Applications","authors":"D. Ristanovic, Matt Taher, Thorsten Getschmann, Neeraj Bhatia","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074535","url":null,"abstract":"Centrifugal compressors are major components in LNG liquefaction plants. Design considerations for optimal selection and proper sizing of compressor drivers include large starting torque requirements to enable compressor start from settle-out conditions and to prevent flaring the gas. Start-up capabilities of the motor driver can significantly impact the reliability and operability of the compressor train. API 617 on centrifugal compressors refers to API 546 for synchronous motor drivers. In this paper, requirements of API 617 and 546 are reviewed and several important design and sizing requirements are presented. In the effort to optimize plant design, and maintain the performance requirements, the paper discusses optimization options, such as direct on line starting method to explore the motor rating limits, and the use of synchronous motors for power factor correction to eliminate or reduce the need for reactive power compensation by capacitor banks. This paper presents a novel approach to show constant reactive power lines on traditional V curves. It also complements capability curves of synchronous motors with lines of constant efficiency.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127463616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recommendations for Specifying, Installing, Maintaining and Repairing Electric Motors That Will Provide Optimum Performance and Service","authors":"A. Bonnett","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074508","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is directed towards those who are not necessarily experts when dealing with industrial AC motor applications yet have the responsibility to assure that they are applied, operated, and maintained properly in order to assure long life, trouble free service. Motors that are specifically applied in the Petro-Chem industry are built in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) standards such as IEEE 841 [1], API 547 [2], API 546 [3], API 541 [4] and are the main focus of this paper. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) [5] standards are also taken into consideration (mainly the IEC 60034 series).","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124235777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding Alternate Methods of Motor Starting, an Investigation on Advantages and Disadvantages","authors":"W. Finley, Matthew Nordmeyer, Zachary Merana","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074518","url":null,"abstract":"When deciding how to safely and reliably start an induction motor, the system designer or system integrator might feel it is only necessary to acquire a motor with sufficient starting torque to accelerate the load. When it is necessary to minimize starting current, most methods of increasing motor starting torque while controlling starting current will cause the motor to absorb more energy during normal operation. Since the cost of energy will well exceed the motor and starter system cost over the life of the motor, this must be considered in the evaluation. Due to operational variations, such as temperature change, voltage, and load fluctuation, the risk of not starting will be high if the torque margin is minimal. If a reduction in starting current is required, this only further magnifies the problem.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117292369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Khatib, Anshuman Mallya, Bowen Dai, Roberto Costa
{"title":"Case Study: Turbine Load-Sharing and Load-Shedding System Foran Australian LNG Facility","authors":"A. Khatib, Anshuman Mallya, Bowen Dai, Roberto Costa","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074511","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a turbine load-sharing and load-shedding system for an islanded liquefied natural gas facility in Australia. The system includes three independent and redundant load-shedding schemes: process-based contingency load shedding with predefined load group and load pairs, high-speed underfrequency-based load shedding, and progressive overload shedding with system frequency supervision. In addition to the load-shedding schemes, the site includes a generation control system with frequency control, voltage control, automatic synchronization, and turbine load-sharing schemes. A breaker-and-a-half configuration complicates the fast load-shedding scheme. Results from hardware-in-the-loop testing are shared.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124029682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating Cyber Security Requirements into a Power Management System","authors":"R. Preston, Mark Duck., Colin Finnegan, R. Muñoz","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074514","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the evolving cyber security threat landscape in critical infrastructure sectors, companies are setting up cyber security programs to manage this critical infrastructure risk. The Power Management System (PMS) has come to depend upon Information Technology (IT) such as Internet Protocol-based networks and open system-based human machine interfaces (HMIs) which then need to comply with the company cyber security program requirements. One of the primary security controls is the physical separation of Industrial Automation & Control Systems (IACS) from IT enterprise systems. The drawback with this arrangement is the company cannot as effectively leverage the knowledge from the IT group to manage these technologies in the IACS. Additionally, IACS maintenance personnel (including electrical) need training in network and computer competencies to effectively manage these systems as well as the cyber security controls. Integrating the PMS network and systems with the overall IACS Operational Technology (OT) architecture enables effective application and maintenance of cyber security controls for the PMS infrastructure. For example, the PMS can use centrally managed user access credentials to manage access to the PMS. Additionally, the OT management procedures will ensure adds, moves, and changes to user credentials are properly managed.This paper will elaborate on the benefits of IT/OT integration and overcoming the challenges of integrating the company’s cyber security requirements into the power management system.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125021265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Heat & Harmonics - the Most Significant Concerns in Air-Cooled Medium Voltage Adjustable Speed Drives & What to Do about It?","authors":"Manish Verma, D. Phares, R. Lawrence","doi":"10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCIC30934.2019.9074510","url":null,"abstract":"Scholarly publications exist about several aspects of adjustable speed drives. Their application considerations, benefits, specifications and operation are well understood. Medium Voltage (MV) drives have been applied not only to upstream, midstream and downstream industries of the oil & gas value chain, but also in other industries such as pulp & paper, cement, water/wastewater, power generation and test stands. This has been possible by reliable high capacity power semiconductor devices. Heat loss is a major contributor to the life cycle cost of an installation of MV drives. This is not understood initially but becomes significant when assessed over a 25-year life span. Air-cooled drives are specified at large horsepower ratings or in places with high or low ambient temperatures without fully understanding the long-term impact to reliability, safety and running costs. On another note, line-side harmonics is also of concern not only to the power delivery apparatus of an operator’s plant, but also to the utility providers. IEEE 519-1992 which was revised in 2014 is often specified for MV drives, but application and understanding of the standard is inconsistent among industry participants. This paper addresses the foregoing two issues. The manuscript first describes conventional and non-conventional methods for managing heat that the industry has developed over a period and will cover application considerations when specifying, evaluating, procuring and installing those solutions. The final part of the paper reviews the IEEE 519-2014 standard and how it is applied in the context of a MV drive. Further, the paper briefly touches on line-side harmonic mitigation techniques that are employed and how to specify them to best avoid issues. This paper serves as a guideline to the practicing engineer to familiarize themselves with the heat and harmonic issues of MV drives and how to be successful in tackling them.","PeriodicalId":276673,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Petroleum and Chemical Industry Committee Conference (PCIC)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129485613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}