{"title":"Stand-Alone Orientation System Based on Visual SLAM","authors":"S. Zotov","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109974","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a compact stand-alone orientation system based on the visual SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping). Unlike other modern approaches our SLAM algorithm was developed using error models of rate sensors and line-of-sight measurement of unique features extracted from the video stream, delivered by the monocular camera. Our approach allows seamless (tight) integration of inertial measurement units (IMU) and exogenous measurements, provided by the wide array of range and angular sensors such as radars, LIDARs, etc. The developed algorithm is implemented in an NVIDIA Jetson Nano computer (at just 100×80 mm) including a dedicated cooling system. The total weight of the system is 240 grams and power usage is 5 Watt.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116278142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development Challenges and Performance Analysis of Drone Visual/Inertial SLAM in a Global Reference System","authors":"Rami Ronen, Anton Jigalin, Z. Berman","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110128","url":null,"abstract":"this paper presents a navigation system design for airborne drone-based applications. The proposed operation principle includes visual/inertial tightly coupled integration based on an extended SLAM approach. In addition to the opportunity-based features that are used by similar to the standard SLAM solutions, the proposed approach also utilizes internal landmarks that are created by the algorithm itself. This method allows reducing the drift that is typical in SLAM -based solutions in addition to reducing the algorithm complexity. Adding a small number of global landmarks helps eliminate the remaining drift. The design goal is to use global coordinates during the entire operational cycle. For a 200m altitude flight, with 2 global landmarks, partially available, the system converges fast to high accuracy with respect to the global reference, without any SLAM drift. While for lower altitudes (100 m), only near-tactical grade IMU provides a very low SLAM drift solution. The significance of the work lies in showing the complete design of a global-coordinate drone SLAM system with the fusion of inertial sensors, taking into account tradeoffs on trajectory profile, sensor grades and global landmarks availability.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116907002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel Approach to Improve Performance of Inertial Navigation System Via Neural Network","authors":"Evgeniy Pukhov, H. Cohen","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110180","url":null,"abstract":"Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) serve as a critical component in nautical, aerial and land-based navigational systems, especially within Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) unavailable environments. In recent years with the development of autonomous transportation, it has gained even more popularity. The main drawback of INS's is its ‘drift error’ that increases with on-going travel. This paper proposes a method with which to navigate, by using data from low grade INS sensors (accelerometers and gyroscopes) on-board a moving vehicle by employing Machine Learning (ML) techniques, specifically neural networks. In most cases, GNSS is available, and therefore can be used as an accurate input for the training and optimizing of the ML algorithms. After training, ML can be used in GNSS unavailable environments and urban areas, to improve the performance of the INS. This paper also shows the output results of the machine-learning algorithms compared to the results of the traditional method of using a Kalman Filter.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"13 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120856721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Paul Douglass, Scott M. Martin, A. Jennings, Howard Chen, D. Bevly
{"title":"Deep Learned Multi-Modal Traffic Agent Predictions for Truck Platooning Cut-Ins","authors":"Samuel Paul Douglass, Scott M. Martin, A. Jennings, Howard Chen, D. Bevly","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109809","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in Driver-Assisted Truck Platooning (DATP) have shown success in linking multiple trucks in leader-follower platoons using Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC). Such set ups allow for closer spacing between trucks which leads to fuel savings. Given that frontal collisions are the most common type of highway accident for heavy trucks, one key issue to truck platooning is handling situations in which vehicles cut-in between platooning trucks. Having more accurate and quicker predictions would improve the safety and efficiency of truck platooning by allowing the control system to react to the intruder sooner and allow for proper spacing before the cutin occurs. Moreover, reduction in false-positives could prevent the CACC from reacting to cut-in vehicles too early, leading to increased benefit from DATP. In this paper, we implement a deep neural network that generates multimodal predictions of traffic agents around a truck platoon. The method uses Long Short-Term Memory networks in an ensemble architecture to predict possible future positions with attached probabilities of vehicles passing by a truck platoon for 5 second horizons. The network performance is compared to a baseline of common state-based predictors including the Constant Velocity Predictor, the Constant Acceleration Predictor, and the Constant Steer Predictor.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126120962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sean A. Mochocki, Kyle Kauffman, R. Leishman, J. Raquet
{"title":"Relational Database for PNT Data","authors":"Sean A. Mochocki, Kyle Kauffman, R. Leishman, J. Raquet","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110134","url":null,"abstract":"Navigation filter researchers often deal with multiple sets of data collected from different sources. Over time it can be difficult to identify how data was collected and how to model it without sufficient data storage techniques and documentation. A navigation database would allow storage of sets of Position, Navigation and Timing data, along with designated metadata, which would enable future researchers to access and understand historical navigation data. This paper proposes three approaches for a PostgreSQL relational database designed to store navigation test data based on the Scorpion Data Model. Each approach uses different schema for storing navigation data, and identical schema for storing sensor and non-sensor metadata. Using queries designed to be of interest to filter researchers, the authors designed test scripts to rank all three designs according to how quickly the original files could be recreated, and how quickly queries based on sensor, non-sensor, and SDM data returned correct information. In order to test how the different approaches scaled when the databases became larger, these test scripts were used with six databases (two for each approach) with 100 and 1000 logs of repeated navigation test data and randomized metadata. This paper presents the results of these tests, along with a background of relational and NoSQL databases, schema details for each approach, query and testing details, and an analysis of how each approach performed across all tests. Finally, we identify the navigational database schema with the best overall performance based on the data and analysis.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127158520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D Dual-Shell Micro-Resonators for Harsh Environments","authors":"M. Asadian, Danmeng Wang, Yusheng Wang, A. Shkel","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109972","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the recent advancements in the development of three-dimensional fused quartz dual-shell microresonators for environmentally-challenging applications, where the precision measurements are made through shock and vibrations. The dual-shell micro-resonators made from fused quartz and demonstrate a mechanical Q-factor of well above 1 million. An integration and assembly process for capacitive actuation and detection of such resonators using a silicon-in-glass electrode substrate was developed, and electrostatic tuning of $mathbf{n}=mathbf{2}$ wineglass using out-of-plane electrodes was demonstrated experimentally. We also present a simulation framework based on the Finite Element Method. The modeling approach was used to derive the critical design parameters of the dual-shell micro-gyroscopes for survivability under harsh shock waveforms. The developed 3D dual-shell structure is a potential solution for microresonators and gyroscopes for operation in harsh environments.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129978049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Matching Maps of Physical and Virtual Radio Transmitters Using Visibility Regions","authors":"M. Ulmschneider, C. Gentner, A. Dammann","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110139","url":null,"abstract":"Channel-SLAM is a multipath assisted positioning algorithm that treats multipath components as line-of-sight (LoS) signals from virtual transmitters. It maps the physical and virtual transmitters' locations simultaneously with estimating the user position with simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Since Channel-SLAM is a relative localization system, the coordinate systems of transmitter maps from different users are subject to an unknown relative rotation and translation. In this paper, we present a new algorithm to estimate this rotation and translation, which we call map matching. Map matching is a requirement for collaborative Channel-SLAM, where users share transmitter maps to improve their positioning performance. Our idea is to augment maps of transmitter locations in Channel-SLAM with knowledge on from which locations there is a LoS condition to a transmitter in order to increase the robustness of map matching. We evaluate our algorithm by simulations in an indoor scenario.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132492827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iñigo Cortés, J. R. V. D. Merwe, A. Rügamer, W. Felber
{"title":"Adaptive Loop-Bandwidth Control Algorithm for Scalar Tracking Loops","authors":"Iñigo Cortés, J. R. V. D. Merwe, A. Rügamer, W. Felber","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110182","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a loop-bandwidth control algorithm for adaptive scalar tracking loops used in modern digital global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. This algorithm modifies the noise bandwidth of the loop filter. The updated loop-bandwidth balances the signal dynamics and noise through a weighting function. The agility of the estimators defines the sensitivity of the algorithm against dynamics. This algorithm is applicable to the delay-, frequency- or phase-locked-loop (DLL, FLL, PLL) and to any order loop-filter, making it simpler to incorporate than other methods. The algorithm is first analyzed and evaluated in a software receiver. Second, it is implemented in an open software interface GNSS hardware receiver for testing in simulated scenarios with real-world conditions. The scenarios represent different dynamics and noise cases. The results show the algorithm's generic usability and advantage over fixed loop settings, while preserving minimum tracking jitter and stability.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125350239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mauro Salomon, Stefan Lippuner, Matthias Korb, Qiuting Huang
{"title":"Implementation and performance evaluation of cellular NB-IoT OTDOA positioning","authors":"Mauro Salomon, Stefan Lippuner, Matthias Korb, Qiuting Huang","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109877","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution describes the first implementation of an integrated modem supporting NB-IoT OTDOA positioning. The integration of a dedicated hardware accelerator provides the necessary processing power for time-domain cross-correlations of OFDM signals and enables successful position fixes at highly negative SINR. The presented HW/SW partitioning scheme allows to minimize the HW overhead, keeping it below 2% of the System on Chip (SoC)'s area, while allowing for flexible algorithms taking advantage of the integrated processor system. Measurements with fabricated silicon in a laboratory environment prove that 3GPP accuracy requirements are easily met. The achieved Root Mean Square (RMS) positioning accuracy of 48.5 m and 65.5 m in normal and extended coverage, respectively, shows the potential of NB-IoT positioning as a complement to GNSS. Potential use cases are indoor applications and the improvement of cyber-physical systems' security by adding redundancy to their positioning capabilities.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123012103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Lin, Robert MacDonald, Dorin Calbaza, B. Scherer, Tammy Johnson, Tim Toepfer, D. Shaddock, E. Andarawis
{"title":"Sub-Degree-Per-Hour MEMS Gyroscope for Measurement While Drilling at 300°C","authors":"D. Lin, Robert MacDonald, Dorin Calbaza, B. Scherer, Tammy Johnson, Tim Toepfer, D. Shaddock, E. Andarawis","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110136","url":null,"abstract":"The orientation module of MWD tool provides the critical drill bit orientation information, including azimuth, inclination and toolface in order to control the path of wellbore. Although high end navigation grade gyroscope can meet the accuracy requirement for azimuth finding, the requirements of cost, size and reliability under harsh environment have largely limited the deployment of gyroscopes in MWD tools. To overcome these constraints, GE Research has developed a low cost, MEMS based Multi-Ring Gyroscope (MRG) capable of azimuth-seeking in MWD applications at 300°C. The MRG prototype has been demonstrated to achieve angular random walk (ARW) better than 0.003 deg/rt(hr) and bias instability of 0.01 deg/hr, capable of meeting azimuth finding accuracy better than 0.25 deg. It has also been tested to remain fully operational at 300 °C.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126071777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}