P. Blaško, J. Petrík, P. Palfy, A. Pribulova, P. Futas, Andrea Blašková
{"title":"CALCULATION OF MECHANICAL AND FOUNDRY CHARACTERISTICS OF Al-Si ALLOYS USING REGRESSION ANALYSIS","authors":"P. Blaško, J. Petrík, P. Palfy, A. Pribulova, P. Futas, Andrea Blašková","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4255","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Si alloys alloyed with Mn and Mg are widely used in industry, especially as cast alloys. The presence of Mg allows subsequent heat treatment, which will improve mechanical properties. Al-Si alloys generally contain Fe; its content between 0.3 and 0.5 wt% increases strength and fluidity. But the content higher than 1 wt % causes the formation long, hard, and brittle needles of β – phase (FeSiAl 5 ) which act as notches. Mn improves strength and mechanical properties at high temperature. Excessive Fe segregate with Mn in coarse “chinese script” particles (Fe,Mn) 3 Si 2 Al 15 which are less harmful than β – phase. Alloys containing 3.8-11.20 wt% Si, 0.12-1.76 wt% Fe, 0-2.25 wt% Mn and 0-0.73 wt% Mg, modified with 0.02 wt% Sr were analysed. The samples were cast in the form of a \"harp\" for calculating the fluidity by the vertical method and in samples for tensile tests – ultimate tensile strength ( R m ), total elongation ( A 5 ), the reduction of the area (contraction Z ), and hardness HV 10 were determined. In addition, the microstructure was evaluated. From these sources, the equations that define the relationship between the composition of the alloy and its properties were determined by linear regression analysis. There is a strong correlation ( r 2 = 0.73-0.81) between the properties calculated with obtained equations and the actual values. The content of Mn (0.3 wt%) and Mg (0.25 wt%) was determined by optimization using DoE (design of experiments), which will ensure optimal values of the analysed properties.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115173885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of the remaining water layer on the cooling of moving steel surfaces","authors":"O. Resl, M. Pohanka","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4101","url":null,"abstract":"Steel is an integral part of today's life. To obtain the desired mechanical properties of hot rolled steel plates or strips, it is necessary to predict and control the cooling process. Cooling of a hot rolled strip on a run-out table or in a continuous annealing line is commonly realized by laminar and spray cooling, and involves a large amount of water, which impinges on the hot surface of the steel. Water is accumulated on the upper surface, which means the jets do not have a direct impact on the steel surface and the cooling intensity is changed. The cooling process is also affected by the remaining water layer that remains on the surface after cooling. This thin layer occurs both on the upper and the bottom surface, and also for light sprays. The remaining water can significantly influence the final temperature of the steel strip if the target temperature is below 500 °C. In this article, the effect of remaining water on cooling is experimentally investigated. A full cone spray nozzle is used for the measurements and the cooling in different areas (under the nozzle, outside the nozzle spray) is studied.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124275612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"STUDY OF THE CHROMIUM LAYER USING GDOES, OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AND EDX MICROANALYSIS ON A SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE","authors":"P. Váňová, J. Vontorová, K. Konečná, K. Slamová","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4189","url":null,"abstract":"The article compares the methods of analysis of the surface chromium layer on two chromium-plated samples under the same technological conditions. However, both samples were visually different. The base material was analysed using GDOES analysis. The carbon and sulphur contents were refined by elemental analysis. The surface layers were evaluated by optical microscopy, glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) and EDX microanalysis on a scanning electron microscope. The microhardness of the chromium layer was also measured. There was about a 10% difference in the thickness of the chromium layer and a 5% difference in its hardness. A more significant proportion of transverse cracks occurred in the layer of one sample. It can lead to more wear and corrosion of the product.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116799697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abrashov, Igor Adudin, N. Grigoryan, K. Orlova, O. Grafov, T. Vagramyan, A. Shepeleva
{"title":"Chromate-free coatings for corrosion protection of the surface of the electrodeposited Zn-Ni alloy","authors":"A. Abrashov, Igor Adudin, N. Grigoryan, K. Orlova, O. Grafov, T. Vagramyan, A. Shepeleva","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4183","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the processes of applying protective conversion coatings based on rare-earth metal compounds for passivation of the surface of a Zn-Ni alloy were investigated. The mechanism of formation, composition and corrosion characteristics of passivating films were investigated. It is shown that the investigated chromate-free coatings are comparable to rainbow chromate layers in corrosion resistance and protective ability. It was found that these coatings withstand thermal shock without deterioration of functional characteristics. It has been revealed that cerium-, lanthanum-containing coatings, like chromate coatings, have the ability to self-heal.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116855051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of AlNb3.5B0.4 Grain Refinement on the Precipitation of Fe-rich Intermetallics in a secondary AlSi7Mg Alloy","authors":"G. Scampone, O. Gursoy, R. Cerato, G. Timelli","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4229","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminum-silicon alloys are important materials in foundry to produce light components to be used in the automotive industry for weight saving, reduction of carbon emission from vehicles and air pollution. The mechanical properties of these alloys are strictly related to the final microstructure that can be improved by grain refinement. However, the addition of specific grain refiners can promote the formation of Fe-rich compounds with platelet morphology, which can significantly affect the ductility of the alloy. In the present research, the effect of AlNb3.5B0.4 grain refiner on the formation of Fe-rich intermetallics in a secondary AlSi7Mg alloy was investigated. Metallographic and image analysis techniques were used to quantitatively investigate the microstructural variations occurring with the addition of grain-refining agent at different cooling rates. The results show that the α-Fe compounds are the dominant Fe-rich phase in the secondary AlSi7Mg alloy. On the other side, the addition of AlNb3.5B0.4 grain refiner promotes the precipitation of β-Fe platelets at the expense of Chinese script α-Fe particles. This mechanism is even more evident at higher cooling rates. The AlNb3.5B0.4 grain refinement significantly affects the number density of β-Fe compounds but it does not influence their dimensions. The size of β-Fe particles appears to be sensitive to the change of the cooling rate; higher cooling rate refines the microstructural scale as well as the Fe-rich platelets. The addition of AlNb3.5B0.4 produces a fine and uniform grain structure throughout the alloy and this effect is more pronounced in the slowly solidified material. Increasing the cooling rate, lower amounts of grain refiner are needed to produce a uniform grain size throughout the casting.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125848665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Paštrnák, O. Hilšer, S. Rusz, Vladislav Reška, P. Szkandera, R. Zabystrzan
{"title":"EFFECT OF PROCESSING ROUTE ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MICROHARDNESS OF LOW-CARBON STEEL SUBJECTED TO DRECE PROCESS","authors":"M. Paštrnák, O. Hilšer, S. Rusz, Vladislav Reška, P. Szkandera, R. Zabystrzan","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4120","url":null,"abstract":"Presented paper reports the effect of the processing route on the microstructure and microhardness in the cold rolled low-carbon sheets processed by dual rolls equal channel extrusion (DRECE). The DRECE process was repeated up to four passes in two processing routes, called routes A and C. As the number of passes increased, the heterogeneous evolution of microhardness and microstructural heterogeneities between the core and surface regions gradually became intensified in both processing routes. The results showed that the DRECE method is a powerful method for processing the sheets with gradient structure and enhanced utility properties. Therefore, it appears that the proposed method has a great potential to a wide range of industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126185572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"analysis of flash pulse thermographic inspection parameters for quantitative measurement","authors":"M. Švantner, L. Muzika, A. Moskovchenko","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4184","url":null,"abstract":"Flash-pulse thermography is a method for the detection of discontinuities or inhomogeneities in materials at their surface. It is based on excitation of inspected samples by a short pulse and analysis of its thermal response. It is basically an indicative method, however, quantitative procedures for an evaluation of defects detectability, defects depths or a thickness of coatings are also developed. The quantitative evaluation has, in general, higher demands on the accuracy of a measurement procedure. This contribution is focused on the analysis of parameters of recording of thermographic data. The influence of synchronization of a sample thermal response recording with an excitation source is analyzed. Differences between recording using a bolometric thermographic camera and a cooled detector based thermographic camera are demonstrated on flat-bottom hole samples. The results show that a high-level synchronization is crucial for the quantitative evaluation of flash-pulse thermography. It is also shown that the cooled quantum detector based thermographic cameras have better temperature response in the case of cooling process measurement and can produce higher sensitivity and lower noise records. Thus, it should be used for any quantitative flash-pulse thermography measurement, even if a bolometric detector type camera would satisfied framerates requirements.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125390249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"INCREASING THE USE AND DEMAND FOR low-carbon wireS PRODUCED in SECONDARY metallurgical production IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC","authors":"Iveta Kuchtíčková, Václav Nétek, Nikola Němcová","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4283","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the issue of increasing the use and demand for low-carbon wire produced in secondary metallurgical production in the Czech Republic, which is important in fields which support development in industries such as transport, electricity production, medicine, food, aerospace, armaments and education. Research through surveys, determination of the links in this area, and establishment of the hypotheses and evidence for the need to address this current topic has provided knowledge which can potentially increase the added value of low-carbon wire.","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116074825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ARTIFACTS AND ERRORS in EBSD mapping of retained austenite in trip steel","authors":"Š. Mikmeková, P. Jozefovič, O. Ambrož","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116090780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FEATURES OF CRYSTALLIZATION OF HIGH-ALLOY ALUMINUM IRON AND FORMATION OF ITS STRUCTURE","authors":"E. Ten, Irina B. Her, A. S. Drokin","doi":"10.37904/metal.2021.4070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37904/metal.2021.4070","url":null,"abstract":"The crystallization features of nodular cast iron alloyed with 19-25% Al have been investigated. Using the Thermo-Calc computer program, polythermal sections of the phase diagrams of the quaternary Fe-Al-C-Si system were obtained on an aluminum scale from 0 to 40% with varying carbon and silicon contents between 1.5–2.5 and 1.0–2.0%, respectively. The obtained results allowed us to identify the sequence of phase transformations during primary and secondary crystallization of cast iron. It has been established that the crystallization of cast iron begins with the separation of primary graphite crystals from the liquid phase. Then, a double eutectic crystallizes, consisting of a solid solution based on aluminum-doped ferrite and graphite (α + CGr). With an increase of silicon content to 2%, a triple eutectic appears, consisting of aluminum alloyed with ferrite, graphite and aluminum carbide Al 4 C 3 (α + CGr + Al 4 C 3 ). After that, the maximum alloyed with aluminum ferrite is released from the remainder of the liquid phase. Upon subsequent cooling of cast iron due to a decrease in the solubility of aluminum and carbon in the α phase, Al4C3 carbide is released from it. These data are consistent with the results of thermographic studies. The study of the structure of sand cast iron castings, showed that it generally corresponds to expectations of polythermal sections and thermographic analysis. But different in details. So, in cast iron, instead of the expected Al 4 C 3 carbide, iron - aluminum carbide is formed, which is close with composition to Fe 1","PeriodicalId":266696,"journal":{"name":"METAL 2021 Conference Proeedings","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122348954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}