{"title":"Automatic Semantic Waypoint Mapping Applied to Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Matheus Zoccoler, P. Shinzato, A. Hata, D. Wolf","doi":"10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.37","url":null,"abstract":"Road network maps have been used for autonomous vehicle path planning. These maps are basically formed by GPS waypoints and can contain semantic information about the environment to help following traffic codes. This paper describes a novel method for automatic construction of a waypoint map containing semantic information about roads. The collected GPS points are stored into flexible waypoint data structures that can represent any relevant information for vehicle navigation. The mapping method also reduces the amount of waypoints by recognizing and converting them into traffic structures. The resulting waypoint map is stored in a text file which is both human and machine-readable. This work makes part of Carina II platform, an autonomous vehicle under development in the Mobile Robotics Laboratory (LRM) - ICMC/USP. Tests were conducted in urban environment and the resulting maps were consistent when compared to publicly available satellite maps.","PeriodicalId":264928,"journal":{"name":"2014 Joint Conference on Robotics: SBR-LARS Robotics Symposium and Robocontrol","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115787872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Macharet, Niander N. De Assis, Dan N. G. Do Valle, Elerson R. S. Santos, M. Vieira, M. Campos
{"title":"A Graph-Based Algorithm for Minimum Router Deployment","authors":"D. Macharet, Niander N. De Assis, Dan N. G. Do Valle, Elerson R. S. Santos, M. Vieira, M. Campos","doi":"10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.15","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in technology have led to robots with communication capability. These networked robots can provide a communication substrate by establishing a wireless network backbone. The wireless network is useful in many settings, such as urban search and rescue, fire fighting, military operations, and disaster response. Given a set of clients, such as fire-fighters, the network robots can establish a network backbone guaranteeing that all clients are connected. A fundamental problem is what is the minimal number of robots and where should they be placed to establish a network without any partition. In this work, we investigate the problem of calculating the position of the mobile networked robots so they can establish a communication backbone for a set of clients. We present a graph-based algorithm in order to calculate the position of the networked robots. The methodology was thoroughly evaluated through numerous trials considering different conditions, providing statistical examination of the final results. We compare our results with the Minimum Spanning Tree algorithm, which is useful as a standard algorithm for comparison. Our results show that our approach is correct and uses fewer robots.","PeriodicalId":264928,"journal":{"name":"2014 Joint Conference on Robotics: SBR-LARS Robotics Symposium and Robocontrol","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124588144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marcos Paulo Batista, P. Shinzato, D. Wolf, Diego Gomes
{"title":"Lane Detection and Estimation using Perspective Image","authors":"Marcos Paulo Batista, P. Shinzato, D. Wolf, Diego Gomes","doi":"10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.43","url":null,"abstract":"Lateral localization of an autonomous vehicle within its lane is major information for its adequate control and navigation. Computer vision and robotics communities have used primarily images to Bird's Eye View for easier data manipulation than perspective image. Nevertheless, this technique usually assumes that the terrain is flat and needs calibration for its transformation matrix. In this paper an efficient method of detection and estimation of lane-based perspective image of a monocular camera is presented. Our algorithm is based on robust image processing, using Probabilistic Hough Transform, road marker estimation, and vehicle lateral localization in the lane. Our system provides satisfactory results, demonstrating its ability to detect lanes in several situations, including in variable light conditions, and even during the night. Our system also does not rely on metric data, but provides useful control information using the pixel's proportion. Therefore, the proposed methodology contributes a robust and user-friendly system that depends exclusively on a perspective image.","PeriodicalId":264928,"journal":{"name":"2014 Joint Conference on Robotics: SBR-LARS Robotics Symposium and Robocontrol","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131511991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Simulation for Path Tracking Control of a Commercial Vehicle Using MPC","authors":"O. García, J. V. Ferreira, A. Miranda Neto","doi":"10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.23","url":null,"abstract":"The design of the robotic vehicle VILMA at UNICAMP is developed in-vehicle platform Fiat Punto. In addition to a set of sensors, actuators, mechanism and components (hardware and/or software), new technologies should be developed in support of Automation, Control, Perception, Localization and Navigation. This work presents the design and simulation of path tracking control using model predictive control (MPC) which attempts to exploit the characteristics of the structured environment where the future path is previously known. The model for design the controller is based in a single tracking model of the vehicle and in a model of the steering which the state variables are observed by the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Finally, it is explained how the path is smoothed generating an arc between the points and making an optimization process by the gradient algorithm.","PeriodicalId":264928,"journal":{"name":"2014 Joint Conference on Robotics: SBR-LARS Robotics Symposium and Robocontrol","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115925106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valber Cesar Cavalcanti Roza, M. V. De Araujo, P. Alsina, Efrain Pantaleón Matamoros
{"title":"EOG Based Interface to Command a Powered Orthosis for Lower Limbs","authors":"Valber Cesar Cavalcanti Roza, M. V. De Araujo, P. Alsina, Efrain Pantaleón Matamoros","doi":"10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.52","url":null,"abstract":"Users of powered or thoses for lower limbs, use Human Machine Interface (HMI) to trigger these devices. This work, presents a HMI based on Electrooculography (EOG) to command a powered orthosis for lower limbs, through the eye movements. This interface, is responsible by generation of high-level commands like: walking, stop, sit down, stand up, up and down stairs. By using this HMI, the user's hand will always be free to perform other tasks. Preliminary results, showed that, it was possible to command a powered hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis through eyes movements.","PeriodicalId":264928,"journal":{"name":"2014 Joint Conference on Robotics: SBR-LARS Robotics Symposium and Robocontrol","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115507345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josemar Simão, Hans Jorg Andreas Schneebeli, Raquel Frizera Vassallo
{"title":"An Iterative Approach for Color Constancy","authors":"Josemar Simão, Hans Jorg Andreas Schneebeli, Raquel Frizera Vassallo","doi":"10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.34","url":null,"abstract":"The color perception of a surface as invariant under changing illumination, called color constancy, is very important in applications such as outdoor navigation. Most color constancy approaches are targeted for single images obtained from cameras whose sensors are assumed to be narrow-band. Algorithms that take advantage of the related information in consecutive frames are rare and require the presence of known colors in each frame or unrealistic assumptions. Therefore, in this work, we propose an iterative method for color constancy, in which the reference colors estimated from images previously corrected are used for correcting the colors of the new images through a color mapping matrix. This matrix achieves better results compared to a diagonal matrix when sensors are not narrow-band. The iterative method results are very similar to frame by frame correction using Color Checker standard colors values.","PeriodicalId":264928,"journal":{"name":"2014 Joint Conference on Robotics: SBR-LARS Robotics Symposium and Robocontrol","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127562331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rômulo T. Rodrigues, R. C. B. Sampaio, Antonio Pedro Aguiar, M. Becker
{"title":"FVMS Software-in-the-Loop Flight Simulation Experiments: Guidance, Navigation and Control","authors":"Rômulo T. Rodrigues, R. C. B. Sampaio, Antonio Pedro Aguiar, M. Becker","doi":"10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.48","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new and powerful methodology to the evaluation of guidance, navigation and control algorithms (GNC) in Software-in-the-Loop (SiL) flight simulation using Microsoft Flight Simulator (MSFS). The SiL was assisted by the Flight Variables Management System (FVMS), a Graphic User Interface (GUI) that fully interfaces communication between MSFS and general purpose custom GNC algorithms. The originality of this new approach is to make the FVMS communication layer completely transparent to the designer so that full attention may be focused exclusively on guidance algorithm development and the debugging process as well. Furthermore, the application may be extended to both multi-engine fixed and rotary wing aircraft. When it comes to the design, development and validation of brand new control algorithms of GNC for unmanned systems, SiL flight simulation becomes an exceedingly useful tool since end-product may misbehave in-flight. It impacts over avoiding hazard situation of crew and population in the ground and on preserving expensive equipment of being damaged. To illustrate FVMS capabilities and assets on GNC systems design, a nonlinear path following algorithm is set up. FVMS GNC module is endowed with a full map interface and a mission management through which one may build/rebuild the UAV path on-line. The results demonstrate the potential of the framework on the implementation of either simple or more complex solutions for the GNC problem.","PeriodicalId":264928,"journal":{"name":"2014 Joint Conference on Robotics: SBR-LARS Robotics Symposium and Robocontrol","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133592608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco A. R. Alencar, Carlos Massera Filho, Diego Gomes da Silva, D. Wolf
{"title":"Pedestrian Classification Using K-means and Random Decision Forests","authors":"Francisco A. R. Alencar, Carlos Massera Filho, Diego Gomes da Silva, D. Wolf","doi":"10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.38","url":null,"abstract":"In field of autonomous and intelligent vehicles, the goal of pedestrian classification is to reduce amount of accidents. The object classification accuracy depends on the type of classifier and the extracted object features used for classification. Support Vector Machines (SVM), is considered the most effective classifier for this task. However, it depends on a number of factors that require researchers to perform several modifications to obtain a good result with adequate performance. This study presents a promising alternative with fewer parameters, which works on large datasets, and reduced runtime. It also has the advantage of allowing the data analysis between every step of the algorithm. Differently from SVM, which can be considered as a black box approach, our method uses a k-means cluster technique combined with a radial basis function to transform data into a smaller and more relevant set, where the classification is performed using random decision forest. Experimental results show very satisfactory classification, efficient computational performance, simplicity of use, and reduced setup.","PeriodicalId":264928,"journal":{"name":"2014 Joint Conference on Robotics: SBR-LARS Robotics Symposium and Robocontrol","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131980987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated Traffic Sign Recognition System Using Computer Vision and Support Vector Machines","authors":"J. Gomez, S. Bromberg","doi":"10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.27","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the initial design of a computer vision application to recognize regulatory traffic signs vertically installed on Colombian roads using machine learning. This application is conceived as a module of a driver assistance system under development, and an autonomous vehicle adapted to the local infrastructure. The application was trained and tested with official synthetic images provided by the National Ministry of Transport. These images were modified with chromatic and geometric changes to emulate fluctuations in illumination, vantage point, and ageing. Resulting images were resized to 48 × 48 pixels, and the raw intensity planes in the Hue-Saturation-Intensity color model were reshaped to obtain feature vectors with 2304 attributes each. In total, forty seven binary classifiers were trained using Support Vector Machines under a one-versus-all classification scheme. These classifiers were directly combined into a multi-class classification system. This paper reports the methodology used to collect the data, configure, train, and measure the performance of classifiers working isolated and collectively.","PeriodicalId":264928,"journal":{"name":"2014 Joint Conference on Robotics: SBR-LARS Robotics Symposium and Robocontrol","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134198268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tiago Ogioni Costalonga, Lucas Mendes Avila, L. Muniz, A. Brandão
{"title":"Gesture-Based Controllers to Guide a Quadrotor Using Kinect Sensor","authors":"Tiago Ogioni Costalonga, Lucas Mendes Avila, L. Muniz, A. Brandão","doi":"10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR.LARS.ROBOCONTROL.2014.28","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an intuitive way to control the position of a quad rotor, through a human-machine interface (HMI), based on a motion sensor, which uses the movements of the body to command the mobile platform (in such case, an aerial vehicle). The experimental results were obtained by using the Microsoft Kinect Sensor (for detection and tracking of the user), and after acquiring the data, the control commands are sent to the quad rotor ArDrone Parrot to guide it.","PeriodicalId":264928,"journal":{"name":"2014 Joint Conference on Robotics: SBR-LARS Robotics Symposium and Robocontrol","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134084250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}