Tomás Soria Biurrun, L. Abarzuza, Borja Fernández-d'Arlas
{"title":"Afinidad entre queratosas de lana y distintos iones en fase acuosa analizada mediante sedimentación","authors":"Tomás Soria Biurrun, L. Abarzuza, Borja Fernández-d'Arlas","doi":"10.55815/413303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55815/413303","url":null,"abstract":"En este artículo se presentan los resultados de unos sencillos ensayos de solubilidad de la queratina en medios tanto básico, cercano al punto isoeléctrico como ácido en presencia de distintas sales tales como haluros sódicos y potásicos, así como varios cloruros alcalinos. El efecto de la sal sobre la solubilidad de la queratina o queratosas se describe en términos de la Regla de Competitividad de Fajans o Regla de Afinidades al Agua Equivalente, en base a la distinta tendencia de los iones hacia la hidratación. La aplicación de este principio se orienta a explicar la competitividad de interacción entre iones de sales inorgánicas y grupos ionizados de los aminoácidos de la queratina.","PeriodicalId":263806,"journal":{"name":"Afinidad. Journal of Chemical Engineering Theoretical and Applied Chemistry","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116660115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irenia Gallardo Aguilar, Yedier Rodríguez Padrón, Yisel Pérez Milian, Fernando Sarría Quesada, Juan P. Hernández Touset
{"title":"Kinetics of the hydrolysis of sorghum flour with two amilaceouos enzymes","authors":"Irenia Gallardo Aguilar, Yedier Rodríguez Padrón, Yisel Pérez Milian, Fernando Sarría Quesada, Juan P. Hernández Touset","doi":"10.55815/413459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55815/413459","url":null,"abstract":"In the production process of glucose syrup, the conversion of corn starches to sugars occurs through acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. Corn has been the traditional raw material in its preparation. The use of other cereals, such as sorghum, is reported for its similar properties to corn. The objective of the work is to study the kinetic behavior in the hydrolysis of sorghum flour, using two enzymes: Bialfa-T and Glucozyme 2X in the production of syrup. The sorghum used was UDG 110. Two experimental screening designs 22 to study the effect of enzymes on sorghum flour were performed. The variables studied were: substrate concentration and enzyme concentration and as response variables reducing sugars (RS) (g/L), conversion (%) and enzymatic activity (UI). The regression models for the three response variables were significant for the Bialfa-T enzyme, while for Glucozyme 2X, only the enzymatic activity model was significant, since this enzyme acts on already transformed starches and the variable with the highest influence turned out to be the substrate concentration, followed by the enzyme concentration.","PeriodicalId":263806,"journal":{"name":"Afinidad. Journal of Chemical Engineering Theoretical and Applied Chemistry","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115464799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Walter Quezada Moreno, Marcia Proaño-Molina, Paola Proaño-Molina, Jorge Mesa-Aguilar, Marisol Vera-Oyague, Mauro Caicedo-Álvarez, Mónica Tapia-Zuñiga, W. Quezada-Torres, César Ramírez-Gutierrez
{"title":"Phytochemical and thickening properties of the mucilage of Malachra alceifolia jacq., in a shampoo formulation","authors":"Walter Quezada Moreno, Marcia Proaño-Molina, Paola Proaño-Molina, Jorge Mesa-Aguilar, Marisol Vera-Oyague, Mauro Caicedo-Álvarez, Mónica Tapia-Zuñiga, W. Quezada-Torres, César Ramírez-Gutierrez","doi":"10.55815/413457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55815/413457","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of the using of mucilages as viscous hydrocolloids in order to reduce dependence on inorganic products that are unfriendly to the environment, is a necessity that the scientific community must take advantage on behalf of development of new products. The aim was to determine the phytochemical components and thickening capacity of mucilage as a hydrocolloid in a shampoo formula. Phytochemical sieve was done by coloration, precipitation and flotation reactions. Mucilage extraction was performed by hydration-maceration of crushed stems according to experimental design (three factors and two levels) and controlled by the viscosity response variable. For the shampoo, a design of was used (two factors and two levels), evaluated with viscosity response variables and lather formation, results that were tabulated with the statistical software statgraphics plus. The results show in the hydrocolloid the presence of tannins, alkaloids, triterpenes. Its thickening capacity due to the significant viscosity of the hydrocolloid (1186 mPa.s). The viscosity of the shampoo between 1020 and 1460 mPa.s and the amount of foam (213 ml) that reward the quality. It is concluded that, the complex molecular structure and abundant presence of mucilage in its natural state in the stems of Malachra alceifolia Jacq allows the hydrocolloid obtained to have a great viscosifying and moisturizing capacity with an almost neutral pH, qualities that affect the quality of the shampoo and are suitable for commercial products with friendly features to the environment; being promoted as a raw material for formulations of other personal hygiene products with an important projection of immediate application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.","PeriodicalId":263806,"journal":{"name":"Afinidad. Journal of Chemical Engineering Theoretical and Applied Chemistry","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121851562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob Fortuna José Chimuca, Catarina Simone Andrade do Canto, José Tavares de Sousa, Valderi Duarte Leite, Wilton Silva Lopes
{"title":"Anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor applied to wastewater treatment: a review","authors":"Jacob Fortuna José Chimuca, Catarina Simone Andrade do Canto, José Tavares de Sousa, Valderi Duarte Leite, Wilton Silva Lopes","doi":"10.55815/413319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55815/413319","url":null,"abstract":"Membrane bioreactors have been widely used in biological wastewater treatment. The membranes used in this type of technology are produced from organic or inorganic materials. However, membranes can also be formed from the deposition of solid particles, colloids, and polymeric materials, as well as microbial cells and flocs, on an inert support during the filtration process. When coupled to a bioreactor, they establish a unique system called a dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR). This type of bioreactor, while retaining the solids and microorganisms present in the system, removes both easy and difficult-to-degrade organic material, which reduces treatment costs and makes it advantageous compared to conventional membrane bioreactors (MBRs). In Brazil, this technology is relatively new and still little explored. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the DMBR's performance in anaerobic wastewater treatment systems. In addition to the advantages and disadvantages presented by this type of system compared to conventional MBRs (micro and ultrafiltration), the fouling phenomenon, its implications, and the theories that explain the formation of the dynamic layer are described. Finally, some challenges that still need to be overcome in the use of this technology are pointed out in order to be affirmed as a safe and robust tool for the biological treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater.","PeriodicalId":263806,"journal":{"name":"Afinidad. Journal of Chemical Engineering Theoretical and Applied Chemistry","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122114339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Daniel García Parrales, Leonardo Andrés Saltos Meza, Gabriel Alfonso Burgos Briones, María Hipatia Delgado Demera, Carlos Alfredo Cedeño Palacios
{"title":"Ripening process of Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) with ethylene","authors":"Luis Daniel García Parrales, Leonardo Andrés Saltos Meza, Gabriel Alfonso Burgos Briones, María Hipatia Delgado Demera, Carlos Alfredo Cedeño Palacios","doi":"10.55815/413443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55815/413443","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) is a product of great importance for the world industry due to its versatility as a fresh and processed product; ethylene is a natural hormone present in fruits and vegetables whose function is to initiate the ripening process. The purpose of the research was to add this phytohormone to accelerate the ripening process in tomatoes. The methodology was based on a dosage of 720000 mg/L of ethylene at a concentration of 100 ppm, the analyses carried out were color, pH, acidity; performing the drying process at temperatures of 105-115-130°C. As results, it was obtained that the process of application of ethylene, accelerated the maturation in 4 days, emitting a color with grade 6 (bright red was more than 90%), the pH was within the parameters established in INEN 2832, CODEX STAN 293-2007 and NMX-FF-031; the acidity is >0.85 (mg. Ac/g); the curve in the drying process fitted best at 130°C with an R2=0.9992, while the drying kinetics was favorable at the same temperature with a drying rate of W=3Kg/m2h. It is concluded that the application of ethylene favors the acceleration of the tomato ripening process with the decrease of the natural time from 20 days to 4 days, while the drying kinetics is favored at 130°C.","PeriodicalId":263806,"journal":{"name":"Afinidad. Journal of Chemical Engineering Theoretical and Applied Chemistry","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123407217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction of chemical composition concentration in an urban area by Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"A. Miranbaygi, M. Moghimi, M. H. Eghbal Ahmadi","doi":"10.55815/411475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55815/411475","url":null,"abstract":"An artificial neural network (ANN) is one of the computational methods that, through the learning process and using simple processors called neurons, tries to give a mapping between the input variables and the output variables. In this paper, six different recurrent dynamic ANN models are proposed to predict the air pollutant concentrations in city of Tehran, Iran. There is no need to know the details of the governing phenomena to develop the ANN models.The chemical composition as the air pollutants are consisting of NO2, SO2, CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5. The proposed models are designed with an input layer consisting of meteorological variables and previous sampling times of each output variable. The models have the capability for air pollutant concentration prediction for 24 hours later. The results show that the developed models for NO2, SO2, CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5 have the values of coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.91, 0.95, 0.94, 0.97, 0.94, and 0.93. Also, the Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) is equivalent to 0.0355, 0.2577, 0.047, 0.0397, 0.0270, and 0.0445 for NO2, SO2, CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5 models, respectively. \u0000The results show that they all models have high accuracy and a low error value. The results may be because the model uses an almost complete set of input variables. Also the model used three sampling times as input variables through a recurrent structure to capture the dynamic behavior. The number of sampling times used as input variables through a recurrent structure that is related to the dynamic conditions of the model.","PeriodicalId":263806,"journal":{"name":"Afinidad. Journal of Chemical Engineering Theoretical and Applied Chemistry","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126840988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Hertha Broche Galindo, I. L. Rodriguez Rico, Y.R. Alea Martínez
{"title":"Caracterización de residuos agroindustriales y su aplicación en la remoción de azul de metileno de soluciones acuosas por adsorción","authors":"Maria Hertha Broche Galindo, I. L. Rodriguez Rico, Y.R. Alea Martínez","doi":"10.55815/408294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55815/408294","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la posibilidad de emplear residuos agroindustriales bagazo de caña de azúcar (BCA), residuos agrícolas de sorgo (RAS) y mezclas de ambos, en proporciones 60 BCA- 40 RAS y 40 BCA- 60 RAS, para la remoción de contaminantes presentes en soluciones acuosas, se selecciona como adsorbato el azul de metileno por emplearse como colorante modelo para ensayos en laboratorio y ser utilizado principalmente en la tinción de algodón, madera, seda, papel, poliacrilonitrilo, nailon modificado, poliéster modificado y tereftalato de polietileno; y en cierta medida, en los servicios de salud. \u0000Por tal motivo, se determinaron propiedades fisicoquímicas de estos biosorbentes y se realizaron experimentos de adsorción en lote para conocer el efecto del tamaño de partícula y de los residuos sobre la remoción de azul de metileno en solución acuosa. Asimismo, se desarrolló un diseño factorial completo 32 con variables independientes pH y concentración inicial del colorante para seleccionar los mejores parámetros. Se evidencia la similitud en punto de carga cero, sitios ácidos y básicos, porosidad, densidades y composición elemental que se corrobora con la transferencia de colorante a los materiales adsorbentes, lográndose con el menor rango de tamaño de partícula, (0,35-0,63) mm y con BCA las mejores remociones. El diseño de experimentos permitió comprobar que ambos factores tienen efecto significativo, que la mejor efectividad en la remoción, 95,90 %, se logra con BCA en pH 2 y concentración de AM 100 mg/L, así como las combinaciones de pH y concentraciones más eficientes.","PeriodicalId":263806,"journal":{"name":"Afinidad. Journal of Chemical Engineering Theoretical and Applied Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130081267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of the larvicidal activity of essential oil from needles of Pinus halepensis against defoliating caterpillars of Quercus spp. in North Africa","authors":"O. Ezzine, Y. Mannai, M. Jamâa, L. Hamrouni","doi":"10.55815/408298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55815/408298","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to study the management of Lepidoptera defoliators of Quercus spp. using essential oil of Pinus halepensis needles. In this context, laboratory trials of two concentrations (0.1 % and 0.5%) compared with ethanol (negative control) and delthametrin (positive control) were tested by contact action on 3rd, 4th and 5th instars larvae of two outbreak species: the Tortricidae, Tortrix viridana and the Geometridae, Operophtera brumata. Results revealed that P. halepensis essential oil has significant insecticidal potentials on both Lepidoptera species. Essential oil at 0.1 % was three time more efficient on the 3rd instar of T. viridana than on O. brumata. However, mature larvae (4th and 5th instars) took more time to die. The major components of P. halepensis were α-pinene (46.1%) and β-myrcene (9.5%) that may show their insecticidal effectiveness on these pests. \u0000In conclusion, these results are promoting and seems to be of major importance in regulating pests but not outbreaks. Thus, further studies are required to isolate bioactive components and to elucidate the insecticidal mechanisms of P. halepensis.","PeriodicalId":263806,"journal":{"name":"Afinidad. Journal of Chemical Engineering Theoretical and Applied Chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130166121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Ruby Correa Mosquera, M. Quicazán, Martha Maria Cuenca, Claudia Estella Hernández
{"title":"Effect of dehydration on instrumental sensory characteristics of bee pollen","authors":"Ana Ruby Correa Mosquera, M. Quicazán, Martha Maria Cuenca, Claudia Estella Hernández","doi":"10.55815/408303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55815/408303","url":null,"abstract":"Colombian beekeeping producers and academic sector are developing research projects for using bee products by developing and improving their nutritional and functional quality, especially new food products with bee pollen inclusion. Bee pollen is a promising raw material for the production of functional foods because of its bioactive characteristics. In this work sensory stability of wet pollen, sun dried pollen and cabin dried pollen was evaluated during accelerated storage at 30, 40 and 50°C, taking into account different parameters such as volatile compounds profile by using a commercial electronic nose, fracturability of bee pollen grains with texture analyzer, colour change in CIELAB scale using a commercial colorimeter and water activity. It was found that electronic nose allows differencing bee pollen samples according to their water activity and distinguishing different volatile compounds profiles presented during storage. Bee pollen samples with a high water activity showed volatile compounds profile major changes during storage as well as their colour change. Bee pollen samples with a low water activity presented a change in their smell associated with fat rancidity, which is directly related to the texture.","PeriodicalId":263806,"journal":{"name":"Afinidad. Journal of Chemical Engineering Theoretical and Applied Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123278393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paola F. Vera-García, A. Sáenz-Galindo, R. E. Díaz de León, A. O. Castañeda-Facio
{"title":"Síntesis de nanopartículas de TIO2 utilizando el extracto de ricinus communis L","authors":"Paola F. Vera-García, A. Sáenz-Galindo, R. E. Díaz de León, A. O. Castañeda-Facio","doi":"10.55815/411478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55815/411478","url":null,"abstract":"La síntesis de nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio (NPsTiO2) mediante extractos de plantas presenta un enfoque hacia la química verde, por esta razón que se pretende sintetizar NPsTiO2 a partir del extracto ricinus communis L. Primeramente se obtuvo el extracto acuoso, agregando a las hojas trituradas de ricinus communis L. 300 mL de agua y se mantuvo en agitación constante. Posteriormente para la síntesis al extracto se le adicionó TiCI4 y NH4OH gota a gota. Se variaron condiciones de reacción como temperatura (25-100 ℃) y tiempo de reacción (5-120 h). Finalmente, las muestras fueron filtradas, lavadas y calcinadas. Las muestras fueron analizadas mediante HPLC-MS, donde se observó la presencia de las familias de catequinas, flavonoles e hidroxicumarinas, también compuestos químicos como escopoletina, 4-O-glucósido de ácido gálico, los cuales presentan grupos -OH en sus estructuras. Mediante FTIR se observó la presencia de grupos -OH provenientes del extracto. Los FTIR de las nanopartículas presentan bandas del grupo -OH demostrando que los grupos hidroxilos pueden contribuir a la mejora de la actividad fotocatalítica. Se demostró la obtención del TiO2 con fase anatasa mediante DRX.","PeriodicalId":263806,"journal":{"name":"Afinidad. Journal of Chemical Engineering Theoretical and Applied Chemistry","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121466762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}