Jurnal Sentris最新文献

{"title":"Peace Education Programme in Kenya and UNICEF’s Reinforcement","authors":"Yosephine Michelle Rasari","doi":"10.26593/sentris.v4i2.5107.101-113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i2.5107.101-113","url":null,"abstract":"As a region prone to conflict, an Introduction to peace is mainly essential for Kenya. The government projects that education can build a peaceful Kenya. As a result, the government is allocating an amount of budget to improve education in Kenya especially in eradicating violence and maintaining peace – especially, post-election violence and sexual abuse. The government has also adopted a UNICEF program, the Peace Education Program (PEP). The government's ambition is limited to designing a system that is only effective in some areas. Therefore, UNICEF complements the government’s effort to carry out policies of a peaceful education system and conduct action research. The efforts coming from the cooperation between UNICEF and the Kenyan government will also be adjusted to the Neoliberal institutionalism theory. This theory is essential to adjust the role of UNICEF in empowering and assisting the Kenyan government while Kenya still upholds its own interests. This paper will mainly focus on the research of the Peace Education Program in Kenya and how UNICEF assist and support its implementation.\u0000Keywords: Peace Education Program (PEP);Kenya; Children; UNICEF","PeriodicalId":263620,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sentris","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Atribut Nasional terhadap Kebijakan Cina Bersengketa dengan Jepang di Kepulauan Diaoyu/Senkaku","authors":"Christoforus Karang, Adam Abil, Maria Sharon, A. Pratama, Rafaela Gracia","doi":"10.26593/sentris.v4i2.6502.177-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i2.6502.177-192","url":null,"abstract":"Kebijakan luar negeri Cina kerapkali sulit dipahami dengan baik, karena terjadi ambiguitas dalam menentukkan instrumen-instrumen yang tepat dalam memperjuangkan keinginannya. Melalui penelitian ini, kami berusaha mencermati dan menganalisis kebijakan luar negeri Cina dalam sengketa dengan Jepang di Kepulauan Diaoyu/Senkaku. Ketika dilihat secara normatif, kebijakan luar negeri Cina untuk menguasai Kepulauan Diaoyu/Senkaku tidak dapat dilakukan karena Cina telah menjadi negara pihak dalam UNCLOS pada tahun 1996. Walaupun begitu, kebijakan Cina kini yang mempersengketakan Kepulauan ini, menjadi nyata bahwa Cina seolah tidak memperhatikan aspek normatif yang telah dilakukannya sebelumnya. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini akan menganalisis kebijakan Cina yang cenderung konfrontatif dengan Jepang dan melalui instrumen teori Atribut Nasional oleh Valerie Hudson dapat diketahui intensi Cina ini.     \u0000Kata Kunci: Diaoyu; Senkaku; Cina; Jepang; Atribut Nasional","PeriodicalId":263620,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sentris","volume":"49 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meninjau Keuntungan dan Tantangan Indonesia selaku Ketua ASEAN Summit 2023 atas Kerja Sama IMT-GT dalam Kaitan BRI (Belt and Road Initiative)","authors":"Theresia Kariani Yolin, Fenny Novita Rantepadang","doi":"10.26593/sentris.v4i2.7130.162-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i2.7130.162-176","url":null,"abstract":"IMT-GT dan BRI merupakan kerja sama internasional yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan konektivitas. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi untuk meninjau keuntungan dan tantangan Indonesia selaku pihak yang bekerja sama dengan IMT-GT dan BRI serta kedudukannya sebagai Ketua ASEAN Summit 2023. Globalisasi membuat kerja sama dan ketergantungan antar negara semakin tidak bisa dihindarkan sehingga keterbukaan tersebut memberikan peluang sekaligus tantangan bagi negara dan organisasi. Didirikannya program BRI menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi ASEAN baik secara langsung maupun melalui kerja sama IMT-GT yang merupakan program kerja sama dari tiga anggota ASEAN. Tiongkok sebagai salah satu hegemoni ekonomi dunia saat ini melalui program BRI dapat mempengaruhi IMT-GT dan ASEAN secara keseluruhan dalam hal kapasitas dan efektivitas kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau pengaruh kebijakan BRI terhadap kerja sama IMT-GT yang berpeluang meningkatkan aksesibilitas kawasan dan berdampak baik pada pertumbuhan ekonomi negara-negara sejalan dengan tujuan IMT-GT. Namun, keberadaan BRI juga memberikan tantangan terhadap IMT-GT berupa ketergantungan terhadap Tiongkok serta berkemungkinan berimbas pada kualitas kerja sama IMT-GT. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif analitis dengan data bersifat sekunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BRI berkemungkinan memberikan dampak bagi relasi antar negara ASEAN, ketergantungan terhadap Tiongkok, dan berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas dan efektivitas kawasan ASEAN.\u0000Kata Kunci: IMT-GT; BRI; Efektivitas Kawasan; Konektivitas","PeriodicalId":263620,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sentris","volume":"222 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140233472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perhubungan Terorisme dengan Kejahatan Transnasional: Crime-Terrorism oleh Kelompok Abu Sayyaf di Filipina","authors":"Salismi Zulfi Maulidita, Fauziah Novita, Indah Putri Hikmah","doi":"10.26593/sentris.v4i2.6489.135-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i2.6489.135-145","url":null,"abstract":"Bersamaan dengan genosida dan kejahatan melawan hak asasi manusia, terorisme tergolong sebagai tindak kejahatan luar biasa. Seperti tindak kejahatan lainnya yang selalu dinamis mengikuti perkembangan sosial dan zaman, terorisme juga mengalami hal yang sama. Di era kontemporer ini, terdapat banyak kemungkinan dimana kelompok terorisme tidak lagi hanya berfokus pada misi dan atribut yang melekat pada mereka, tetapi juga membuat koneksi bahkan bekerjasama dengan kelompok kejahatan transnasional, konsep ini disebut oleh Rollins dan Wyler sebagai crime-terrorism. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengangkat Kelompok Abu Sayyaf sebagai subjek utama dan berusaha untuk menganalisa bagaimana Kelompok Abu Sayyaf sebagai organisasi terorisme membangun hubungan dengan kelompok kejahatan terorganisir hingga bahkan melaksanakan kejahatan transnasional itu sendiri, merujuk pada konsep crime-terrorism oleh Rollins dan Wyler. Peneliti menggunakan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif oleh Miles dan Hubberman dalam melangsungkan penelitian. Hasil dari penelitian ini, yaitu; Motivasi Kelompok Abu Sayyaf untuk bekerjasama dan melakukan kejahatan terorganisir yaitu guna memenuhi dana operasional dan kebutuhan hidup anggotanya setelah aliran dana dari sponsornya terputus. Sedangkan Apropriasi Taktik yang dilakukan oleh Abu Sayyaf yaitu dengan melakukan serangan bom, penculikan dan pemerasan, dan penyediaan keamanan untuk budidaya dan perdagangan ganja ilegal.","PeriodicalId":263620,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sentris","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keketuaan ASEAN dan Potensi Diplomasi Indonesia dalam Penyelesaian Konflik di Myanmar","authors":"Wan Nur Ain, Sephia Dwi Meilinda Wulandari","doi":"10.26593/sentris.v4i2.7174.146-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i2.7174.146-161","url":null,"abstract":"Sebagai pemegang keputusan tertinggi ASEAN satu tahun kedepan, Indonesia harus mampu menyikapi tantangan dalam kawasan, termasuk konflik Myanmar yang hingga saat ini masih memanas. Lima konsensus yang disepakati ASEAN tahun 2021 sebagai upaya damai di Myanmar, masih terkesan lemah untuk menopang perdamaian. Kondisi serupa juga pernah dialami oleh Indonesia di tahun 1976-2005 yaitu konflik antara Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) dan Indonesia yang berhasil didamaikan melalui kesepakatan MoU Helsinki yang dicetus oleh Wakil Presiden Jusuf Kalla dan dimediasi oleh Presiden Finlandia Martti Ahtisaari, perwakilan Uni Eropa dan anggota ASEAN. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Indonesia dapat memanfaatkan potensi diplomasinya dalam memfasilitasi perdamaian untuk Myanmar pada era keketuaannya di ASEAN, dengan bercermin pada keberhasilan Indonesia dalam konflik antara GAM dan Indonesia. Penelitian dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka dengan menggunakan artikel jurnal, laporan, perundang-undangan pemerintah dan organisasi internasional yang telah dipublikasi melalui website resmi mereka. Hasil temuan yang disajikan penulis yaitu Indonesia seharusnya mampu memanfaatkan posisinya sebagai ketua ASEAN dengan mengoptimalkan diplomasi melalui dialog seluas-luasnya dalam penyelesaian konflik Myanmar, seperti yang terjadi di Aceh.\u0000Kata Kunci: ASEAN; Indonesia; Myanmar; Konsensus; Diplomasi","PeriodicalId":263620,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sentris","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peluang Indonesia sebagai Ketua ASEAN Tahun 2023 dalam Mempromosikan Penggunaan Local Currency Settlement dan QR Code Lintas Batas terkait Transaksi Perdagangan di Asia Tenggara","authors":"Jason Fernando, Ezra Yora Turnip","doi":"10.26593/sentris.v4i2.7124.114-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i2.7124.114-134","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bahwa Indonesia berperan penting dalam mempromosikan penggunaan Local Currency Settlement dan QR Code Lintas Batas selama memegang posisi keketuaan ASEAN tahun 2023. Local Currency Settlement berfungsi untuk melakukan penyelesaian transaksi bilateral antara negara dalam satu kawasan Asia Tenggara dengan menggunakan mata uang masing-masing negara tersebut. Kehadiran LCS dilatarbelakangi oleh inflasi global yang begitu tinggi akibat tensi geopolitik dan naiknya suku bunga dolar AS, sehingga situasi tersebut menjadi kesempatan bagi negara-negara anggota ASEAN untuk menggunakan mata uang lokal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis efisiensi LCS sebagai metode transaksi perdagangan kawasan Asia Tenggara dalam memperkuat integrasi ekonomi dan mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap Dolar AS. Bahkan LCS ini sebagai instrumen utama yang berdampak untuk memperkuat stabilitas mata uang di negara-negara Asia Tenggara itu sendiri, semakin mempermudah kegiatan ekspor-impor satu sama lain, dan terciptanya kemudahan pada proses masuknya arus modal asing di kawasan tersebut. Disamping itu, Indonesia juga memegang tanggung jawab lebih dalam menangani kendala promosi maupun penggunaan QR Code Lintas Batas sebagai teknologi yang akan mempermudah transaksi mata uang lokal bagi ASEAN, yang diharapkan dapat terlaksana dengan baik melalui sistem dan strategi yang telah dirancang. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif analisis, serta teori integrasi ekonomi kawasan menurut Van Niekerk terkait peranan Indonesia dalam mempromosikan efisiensi LCS dan QR Code Lintas Batas di ASEAN. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Indonesia mengajak setiap anggota ASEAN untuk penggunaan LCS ini, karena akan menciptakan kondisi yang sesuai dengan tema KTT ASEAN tahun 2023, dimana Asia Tenggara berpotensi menjadi area episentrum pertumbuhan ekonomi kawasan sejak saat ini hingga masa mendatang. \u0000Kata Kunci: ASEAN, ekonomi digital, Indonesia, Local Currency Settlement, QR Code lintas batas","PeriodicalId":263620,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sentris","volume":"70 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relevance of Human Security Approach in Assessing The Causes and Solutions to Food Insecurity in South Sudan (Case Study: South Sudan 2017 Famine)","authors":"Vincentia Vahistha Hirrya Jyalita","doi":"10.26593/sentris.v4i1.5116.73-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i1.5116.73-85","url":null,"abstract":"Despite South Sudan’s high potential in agriculture and cultivation, food insecurity brought dire consequences to the people’s well-being throughout 2017. The previous research mostly points to the South Sudan ongoing civil war as the main cause of food insecurity but has yet to sufficiently explore the case study using a human security approach. This paper will attempt to analyze the relevance of the human security approach in explaining the primary factor of food insecurity for the South Sudan people during 2017 and how the approach can be used to mitigate the issue. The author argues that the human security approach can reveal the South Sudan government’s lack of prioritization for their people’s well-being in decision-making as the primary factor of food insecurity, which can be mitigated by a people-centered approach in the future decisions of all the relevant actors. The author utilized Ken Booth’s security as emancipation theory as the main perspective in the study alongside Sabine Alkire’s human security concept and Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) food security indicators. The main findings confirm the importance of the human security approach in the decision-making of governments and other relevant actors, especially in the context of ensuring food security.\u0000Keywords: South Sudan; food Security; human Security; emancipation\u0000REFERENCES\u0000 \u0000African Development Bank (AfDB) Group. “Development of Agriculture.” In South Sudan in Infrastructure Action Plan in South Sudan: A Program for Sustained Strong Economic Growth (Tunisia: AfDB Group, 2013), 133.\u0000Alkire, Sabina. “A Conceptual Framework for Human Security.” Working paper, Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE), 2003, \u0000https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.580.2805&rep=rep1&type=pdf. \u0000Avis, William. Coping mechanisms in South Sudan in relation to different types of shock. United Kingdom: K4D helpdesk service, 2020. \u0000https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/20.500.12413/15301/801_Coping_Mechani sm_in_South_Sudan_in_relation_to_Different_Types_of_Shock.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. \u0000Barry, Hannah. “Starving Out the Enemy: Withholding Food Aid as a Tactic of War in South Sudan.” Mapping Politics 8, no. 2 (2017): 59. https://journals.library.mun.ca/ojs/index.php/MP/article/view/1778.\u0000Booth, Ken. “Security and Emancipation,” Review of International Studies 17, no. 4 (October 1991): 313-326. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20097269. \u0000 \u0000Booth, Ken. Theory of World Security, edited by Steve Smith. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. \u0000de Vries, Lotje and Mareike Schomerus. “South Sudan’s Civil War Will Not End with a Peace Deal.” Peace Review 29, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 333–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402659.2017.1344533. \u0000Diao, Xinshen, Liangzhi You, Vida Alpuerto, and Renato Folledo. “Assessing Agricultural Potential in South Sudan – A Spatial Analysis Method.” In Application of Geographic Information Systems, edited by Bh","PeriodicalId":263620,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sentris","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128165236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak State as a Security Threat: Study Case of El Salvador (2014-2019)","authors":"Daphne Andrea, Theresa Aurel Tanuwijaya","doi":"10.26593/sentris.v4i1.6545.14-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i1.6545.14-33","url":null,"abstract":"The World Trade Center Attack or 9/11 tragedy has awakened the international community, particularly the United States (US) to sharpen its foreign policy in facing security threats coming from ‘weak states’. One of the most prominent weak states examples that  pose a grave threat to other countries are the Northern Triangle Countries of Central America that referred to Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. Hence, this paper will discuss the rationale behind US initiatives in dealing with security threats in El Salvador as one of the Northern Triangle Countries. In analyzing the case, the writers will use the weak state concept and national interest concept. The result of this paper finds that El Salvador corresponds to the elements of a weak state and further poses security threats by giving rise to transnational criminal organizations, drug trafficking, and migrant problems in which overcoming those security threats has become US vital national interest. However, we also find that although decreasing security threats and strengthening El Salvador government capacity is highly correlated, strengthening El Salvador governance through the providence of aid and assistance is actually classified as US important national interest.\u0000Keywords: Security threats; Northern Triangle; weak state; El Salvador; national interest\u0000 \u0000REFERENCES\u0000Ambrus, Steven. “Guatemala: The Crisis of Rule of Law and a Weak Party System.” Ideas Matter,\u0000January 28, 2019. https://blogs.iadb.org/ideas-matter/en/guatemala-the-crisis-of-rule-of-law-and-a-weak-party-system/.\u0000Andrade, Laura. Transparency In El Salvador. 1st ed. 1. El Salvador: University Institute for Public Opinion,\u0000Asmann, Parker. “El Salvador Citizens Say Gangs, Not Government 'Rule' the Country.” InSight Crime, August 19, 2020. https://insightcrime.org/news/brief/el-salvador-citizens-say-gangs-not- government-rules-country/. Accessed July 11, 2021.\u0000Art, Robert J. A. Grand Strategy for America. Ithaca: Century Foundation/Cornell UP, 2004.\u0000BBC News Indonesia \"Kisah Di Balik MS-13, Salah Satu Geng Jalanan Paling Brutal Di Dunia.\"\u0000BBC News Indonesia. BBC, April 21, 2017.https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/majalah-39663817.Accessed July 11, 2021.\u0000Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs “U.S. Relations With El Salvador - United States Department of State.” U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, April 14, 2021.https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-el-salvador/. Accessed July 11, 2021.\u0000“Bureau of International Narcotics and Law ENFORCEMENT Affairs: El Salvador Summary -United States Department of State.” U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, February3, 2021. https://www.state.gov/bureau-of-international-narcotics-and-law-enforcement-affairs-work-by-country/el-salvador-summary/.\u0000Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, July 6, 2021. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/. Accessed July 11, 2021.\u0000Dudley, Steven, and Avalos, Silva “MS13 In the Americas: How the World","PeriodicalId":263620,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sentris","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134007932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Masa Depan Gas Alam dan Ekonomi Jerman dalam Konstelasi Perang Rusia-Ukraina","authors":"Muhammad Andryan Juliardy","doi":"10.26593/sentris.v4i1.6339.34-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i1.6339.34-45","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini memaparkan bagaimana ketergantungan negara Jerman terhadap suplai gas alam yang di import dari Rusia. Hubungan kerjasama yang diharapkan untuk dapat saling menguntungkan bagi kedua negara bisa menimbulkan kerugian ketika hubungan antarnegara mengalami masalah. Rusia saat ini sedang berusaha untuk menguasai Ukraina. Sedangkan Jerman yang tergabung dalam Uni Eropa mengalami tekanan dari Uni Eropa untuk melakukan sanksi kepada Rusia berupa embargo gas alam. Kerugian dapat dialami oleh Jerman karena pembatasan pasokan energi gas alam dari Rusia sehinnga mempengaruhi produktivitas industrinya sebab industri Jerman berbasis kepada energi gas alam yang di import dari Rusia. Perang Rusia-Ukraina juga menyebabkan ketidakstabilan perekonomian bagi sebagian besar negara yang ada di belahan dunia termasuk Jerman. Terjadi inflasi serta kenaikan harga listrik dan gas di Jerman akibat upaya dari Jerman untuk mengurangi pemakaian gas alam sebagai bentuk sanksi terhadap tindakan Rusia. Ketergantungan dapat dilihat dari keadaan perekonomian Jerman yang terpengaruh terhadap upaya penghentian atau pengurangan transfer gas alam. Meskipun pada awalnya Jerman sangat sulit untuk memutuskan untuk memberikan sanksi berupa embargo gas alam terhadap Rusia, Jerman memutuskan bersedia dan siap untuk melakukan Embargo terhadap Rusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kepustakaan untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi. Menarik untuk membahas topik ini karena terjadi kompleksitas antara Jerman terhadap Rusia dan Uni Eropa dalam impor gas alam untuk kepentingan pembangunan perekonomian Jerman.","PeriodicalId":263620,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sentris","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125969244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small Governing Coalition in Hong Kong and its Impact on Political Freedom","authors":"Trystanto Trystanto","doi":"10.26593/sentris.v4i1.6346.46-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v4i1.6346.46-60","url":null,"abstract":"Hong Kong has seen an upheaval in recent years. From the protests over the extradition law to the protests over the National Security Law, these protests are a response to the ever-encroaching hand of Beijing on political rights in Hong Kong. After the National Security Law was implemented, Hong Kong’s freedom was almost gone. One by one, pro-democracy protesters, opposition parliament members, and opposition media are being targeted and repressed. Despite the numerous protests and riots, the Hong Kong SAR government perseveres with little concession to the protesters. Why does the government of Hong Kong decided not to respect Hong Kong’s unique democratic system in China, arguably the system that has brought Hong Kong to one of the most prominent cities in the world for global interactions, and instead wish to turn it into another normal Chinese city? Why does the Hong Kong SAR government almost completely ignore the voice of the Hong Kong people? Using the framework developed by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Alastair Smith in The Dictator’s Handbook, I argue that the small size of Hong Kong’s governing coalition (i.e., the minimum amount of support required for the leader to stay in power) and the ease in which the Chief Executive of Hong Kong rewards her allies play a significant role in this democratic backsliding. Furthermore, while the Western World reacted in outrage over this undemocratic encroachment of Beijing on Hong Kong, I argue that their sanctions on Hong Kong leaders will not play a significant role as the Chief Executive of Hong Kong does not need their support. \u0000Keywords: Hong Kong; democracy; protests; governing coalition;sanctions\u0000REFERENCES\u0000 \u0000Allison, Graham. Destined for War: Can America and China Escape the Thucydides’s Trap? New York: Houghton Miflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2017. \u0000Associated Press. “Only Hand-Picked Pro-Beijing ‘Patriots’ Get to Vote for Committee That Will Choose Hong Kong’s next Government.” The Globe and Mail, September 19, 2021. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-hong-kong-voters-to-choose-new-election committee-under-pro-beijing/. \u0000BBC News. “North Koreans Vote in ‘No-Choice’ Parliamentary Elections.” BBC News, March 10, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-47492747.\u0000Bloomberg News. “Xi Finalizes Hong Kong Election Changes, Cementing China Control.” Bloomberg, March 30, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03- 30/china-to-form-small-group-to-vet-hong-kong-elections-scmp-says. \u0000Candice Chau. “Hong Kong Democratic Party May Breach Security Law If It Tells Members Not to Run in Election, Warns Pro-Beijing Figure.” Hong Kong Free Press, September 6, 2021. https://hongkongfp.com/2021/09/06/hong-kong-democratic-party-may-breach-security-law if-it-tells-members-not-to-run-in-election-warns-pro-beijing-figure/. \u0000CBS News. “Hong Kong Protesters Arrested as Trump Vows to Act ‘Powerfully’ against China.” www.cbsnews.com, May 27, 2020. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hong-kong-prote","PeriodicalId":263620,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Sentris","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128634035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}