Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
CONTRIBUTION OF SUPERVISORS IN IMPROVING TEACHER COMPETENCE at MADRASAH ALIYAH PASAMAN 主管对提高帕萨曼伊斯兰学校教师能力的贡献
Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.31869/ruhama.v4i2.2725
Israfina Israfina, Syaflin Halim, R. Rahmi
{"title":"CONTRIBUTION OF SUPERVISORS IN IMPROVING TEACHER COMPETENCE at MADRASAH ALIYAH PASAMAN","authors":"Israfina Israfina, Syaflin Halim, R. Rahmi","doi":"10.31869/ruhama.v4i2.2725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/ruhama.v4i2.2725","url":null,"abstract":"Madrasah supervisors have a responsibility in improving the competence of teachers in the institutions they supervise, therefore this research aims to know and analyze how supervisors perform their functions in improving teacher competence in MAN 1 Pasaman. This research is a descriptive research of non-statictic analysis using qualitative methods. Data is obtained through observation, interview and documentation studies. The data collected is then analyzed through three activities, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results prove that: 1) Supervisors play an active role in providing advice and input to madrasah heads for activities to be carried out in order to improve teacher competence,  2) In the activities of improving teacher competence in MAN 1 Pasaman, supervisors act as mediators, facilitators, 3) Teacher competencies in MAN 1 Pasaman are evaluated by supervisors through a review of aspects that become the duties and responsibilities of teachers.","PeriodicalId":263576,"journal":{"name":"Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124501508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
METODE REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERSPEKTIF HADIS BUKHARI DAN MUSLIM 伊斯兰教育的奖励和惩罚方法HADIS视角和穆斯林
Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.31869/ruhama.v4i2.2918
Cintia Rinjani
{"title":"METODE REWARD DAN PUNISHMENT DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PERSPEKTIF HADIS BUKHARI DAN MUSLIM","authors":"Cintia Rinjani","doi":"10.31869/ruhama.v4i2.2918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/ruhama.v4i2.2918","url":null,"abstract":"Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui secara komprehensif Metode Reward dan Punishment dalam Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Hadis Bukhari dan Muslim. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research), yang data-datanya bersumber dari bahan-bahan tertulis seperti buku, jurnal dan sebagainya. Dalam mengumpulkan data penulis menggunakan data-data yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode dokumentasi yang diambil dari hadis Bukhari dan hadis Muslim, buku-buku dan Syarah hadis Bukhari dan Muslim, buku pendidikan Islam dan buku penunjang lainnya.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa metode reward dan punishment dalam pendidikan Islam perspektif hadis Bukhari dan Muslim, metode reward dalam pendidikan Islam perspektif hadist Bukhari yaitu berupa pujian, sebagaimana yang dicontohkan oleh Rasulullah ketika memberikan pujian kepada Abu Hurairah yang bersemangat dalam bertanya dan mengumpulkan hadis dari Rasulullah. Dalam dunia pendidikan Islam guru bisa menerapkan reward berupa pujian ketika guru melihat ada tanda-tanda baik dan terpuji yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik maka guru bisa memberikan pujian kepada peserta didik sehingga ketika diberikan pujian peserta didik dapat lebih termotivasi dan bersemangat. Metode punishment dalam pendidikan Islam pesrpektif hadis Muslim yaitu, berupa teguran, Rasulullah pernah menegur sahabat yang melakukan kesalahan di depan Rasulullah dan para sahabat lainnya dengan cara yang lemah lembut sehingga sahabat tidak merasa tersinggung dan merasa malu, dalam pendidikan Islam guru bisa menerapkan hukuman verbal berupa teguran kepada peserta didik yang melakukan pelanggaran atau kesalahan seperti yang dicontohkan oleh Rasulullah, sehingga peserta didik sadar dan tidak mengulangi kesalahannya.","PeriodicalId":263576,"journal":{"name":"Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129472148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Implementation of PAI Learning Outcomes in Student Discipline in State Elementary School 15 Sungai Geringging Padang Pariaman Regency 国立小学学生纪律中PAI学习成果的实施[j]
Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.31869/ruhama.v4i2.2896
Nurtib J.
{"title":"Implementation of PAI Learning Outcomes in Student Discipline in State Elementary School 15 Sungai Geringging Padang Pariaman Regency","authors":"Nurtib J.","doi":"10.31869/ruhama.v4i2.2896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/ruhama.v4i2.2896","url":null,"abstract":"PAI learning is expected to produce changes in the behavior, attitudes and morals of learners, because actually the main orientation of PAI learning is the realization of learners who are able to practice Islamic teachings in accordance with the material that has been studied. Based on the above thoughts, this study aims to reveal how PAI learning outcomes are implemented for the discipline of learners in the school environment. This research uses qualitative methods, namely revealing data and facts in the form of sentences that can be understood by readers. The result of this study is that PAI learning results have not been implemented in the discipline of learners, the conclusion is based on research data that shows there are still learners who have not instilled discipline in the school environment.","PeriodicalId":263576,"journal":{"name":"Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114461994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Implementation Of The Card Shift Method In PAI Learning Questions In Class V SDN 09 VII Koto Sungai Sarik Padang Pariaman 卡片移位法在第V课(SDN 09) PAI学习题中的应用
Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2603
Muliyarti Muliyarti
{"title":"The Implementation Of The Card Shift Method In PAI Learning Questions In Class V SDN 09 VII Koto Sungai Sarik Padang Pariaman","authors":"Muliyarti Muliyarti","doi":"10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2603","url":null,"abstract":"The trend in education today is to restore the point of view of student success in learning that will be successful if a conducive environment is created. Learning material will be easy to remember if students play a direct role in learning, not just listeners. In the past, students were often burdened with target material to train their memory. However it worked in the short term. Their memory will disappear over time. But things like this make students fail in solving problems every day.The core of the discussion that will be discussed in this research is, \"How is the implementation of the question paper throwing method in Islamic Education learning?\"In this study, researchers conducted action research which consisted of two phases. Each phase is divided into four stages, namely: design, implementation and observation, reflection, and improvement. The object studied was elementary school student no.09 VII Koto Sungai Sarik Semester two of the 2018/2019 academic year. The data obtained are in the form of formative test results, observation sheets of teaching and learning activities.Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that student learning outcomes have increased from phase 1 to phase 2, namely, phase 1 (63.63%), phase 2 (81.81%).Thus, the learning system that uses the question-throwing method should be able to influence the learning motivation of elementary school students No. 09 VII Koto Sungai Sarik Even Semester Academic Year 2018/2019, and this learning model can be applied by Islamic Education teachers in learning in their class","PeriodicalId":263576,"journal":{"name":"Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127252764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of Learning Difficulties in Teaching and Learning Activities in Extractive Industry Areas 采掘业地区教与学活动中的学习困难分析
Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2621
Muhammad Novan Leany, M. Shodiq
{"title":"Analysis of Learning Difficulties in Teaching and Learning Activities in Extractive Industry Areas","authors":"Muhammad Novan Leany, M. Shodiq","doi":"10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2621","url":null,"abstract":"Education plays an important role in educating human life and civilization is a better direction. As one of educational institutions, Az Zahra islamic boarding school seeks to improve the quality of learning in order to achieve the expected educational goals. Ironically, the journey towards the goal experiences very disturbing obstacles in the learning process.This research is descriptive quality research. The techniques used in data collections: observation, interview, and documentation study. The subjects in this study were the leaders of the Az Zahra Islamic Boarding School, the head teacher, the teachers of Senior High School and Junior High School, the students, local communities and environmental activist. The object of this research is the Analysis of Learning Difficulties in Teaching and Learning Activities in Extractive Industrial Areas.The results showed that the learning process that took place at Az Zahra Islamic Boarding School was not good. This is proven because there are obstacles that interfere with the ongoing learning process. These obstacles included: 1) The sound of coal mining vehicles which greatly disturbs concentration while studying, 2) There is dust that makes students feel uncomfortable at the pesantren, 3) Lack of trees because the company is too close and takes the Islamic Boarding School land, so the atmosphere in in stuffy classrooms, 4) A coal company close enough to disrupt teaching and learning activities.","PeriodicalId":263576,"journal":{"name":"Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal","volume":"65 Supplement 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116499911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tahfidz Management Pesantren Darut Tilawah Ponorogo Jawa Timur Indonesia
Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2606
Sanudin Sanudin, Katni Katni, Anip Dwi Saputro
{"title":"Tahfidz Management Pesantren Darut Tilawah Ponorogo Jawa Timur Indonesia","authors":"Sanudin Sanudin, Katni Katni, Anip Dwi Saputro","doi":"10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2606","url":null,"abstract":"This research discusses the management of the Al-Qur'an tahfidz program at the Darut Tilawah Islamic Boarding School Muneng Balong Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. Includes planning, implementation and evaluation. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method by collecting data through interviews, documentation and observation. The findings of this study can be concluded 1). Planning for the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an program at the Darut Tilawah Muneng Balong Ponorogo Islamic Boarding School is divided into two, namely: Boadring School Management and Tahfidz Program Management specifically from the aspect of educators, infrastructure, and evaluation. 2). The process of implementing the Tahfidz Al-Qur'an program at the Darut Tilawah Muneng Balong Ponorogo Islamic Boarding School uses the repetition method, the guidance technique and the rest of the time in one room. After dhuhur one juz, before Asr prayer half juz after Ashr prayer read bi nadzor simultaneously per class muroja'ah for two hours totaling half juz, after isya' muroja'ah two hours amounting to half juz. 3). evaluation of recitation of the Qur'an is carried out twice. a. Every day after dawn. b. Once every semester and it is called the tahfidz quarantine program. The aspects that are assessed are: aspects of fluency memorization, recitation, fashahah and morals or attitudes.","PeriodicalId":263576,"journal":{"name":"Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129614213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Efforts Of Islamic Religious Education Teachers In Developing The Intellectual Potential Of Students In The Learning Process 伊斯兰宗教教育教师在学生学习过程中开发智力潜能的努力
Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2547
Silvia Susrizal
{"title":"The Efforts Of Islamic Religious Education Teachers In Developing The Intellectual Potential Of Students In The Learning Process","authors":"Silvia Susrizal","doi":"10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2547","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted because of the need to develop intellectual potential in the learning process carried out by Islamic Religious Education teachers in SMP N 29 Padang. The purpose of this study is to determine the efforts made by Islamic Religious Education teachers to develop students' intellectual potential in improving the learning process. The research method used is descriptive field research. In this study PAI teachers have made efforts to develop students' intellectual potential, such as the provision of subject matter in accordance with the basic competencies to be achieved, giving students the task to improve students' memory and understanding of the material provided, recalling students' knowledge and insights, and deliver material using the lecture method, ask students to memorize lessons, give students the opportunity to discuss and present in front of the class, and the teacher uses the method of thinking in delivering the material.","PeriodicalId":263576,"journal":{"name":"Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130711188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Learning Tahfidz Quran Method in North Lintau Buo Subdistrict Flat Land District 在临山北扶街平地区学习塔非兹古兰经法
Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2617
Rahmat Akmal
{"title":"Learning Tahfidz Quran Method in North Lintau Buo Subdistrict Flat Land District","authors":"Rahmat Akmal","doi":"10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2617","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to describe the method of learning tahfidz al-Qur'an used by teachers in Lintau Buo Utara Subdistrict, Tanah Datar Regency, Students feel bored and bored with the learning methods conducted by teachers and students talk to each other so that students pay less attention to teachers when explaining. This research method is a qualitative type of research. The results of the study showed that teachers in conducting learning tahfidz al-Qur'an in Lintau Buo Utara Subdistrict Tanah Datar district using varied methods such as talaqqi method, verse method per verse, method 5 paragraph 5 verses, takrir method and al-jawarih method so that students are excited, diligent, not bored and not saturated in following the learning tahfidz al-Qur'an in Lintau Buo Utara Subdistrict with the method used by teachers.","PeriodicalId":263576,"journal":{"name":"Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal","volume":"361 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122854036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Development Of Human Resources For Islamic Education 伊斯兰教育人力资源的开发
Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal Pub Date : 2021-05-05 DOI: 10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2605
Sakban Sakban, Wahyu Khafidah
{"title":"Development Of Human Resources For Islamic Education","authors":"Sakban Sakban, Wahyu Khafidah","doi":"10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2605","url":null,"abstract":"Generalization of education as generalization of opportunity to obtain;get to education, education have role expand education democratization it with password of education all for. Generalization of education include;cover two important aspect that is and equality of equity. Equality or meaningful equation of equation of opportunity to obtain;get to education, while equity have a meaning (of) justice in getting the opportunity is same education among various group in society. Access to education which flatten to mean all school age resident have got the opportunity education, meanwhile access to education have fair if between group can enjoy education is samely.","PeriodicalId":263576,"journal":{"name":"Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal","volume":"36 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123483758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Influence of Teacher Awareness and Achievement of Learning Islamic Religious Education on The Morality of Learners 教师学习伊斯兰宗教教育的意识和成就对学生道德的影响
Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal Pub Date : 2021-05-04 DOI: 10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2613
Budi Apriandi
{"title":"The Influence of Teacher Awareness and Achievement of Learning Islamic Religious Education on The Morality of Learners","authors":"Budi Apriandi","doi":"10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31869/RUHAMA.V4I1.2613","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the influence of teacher awareness and learning achievements of Islamic Religious Education on the morality of public high school students during covid-19. The number of research samples as many as 202 students and sampling techniques using proportionate stratified random sampling techniques. The first and second hypotheses were tested with simple regression techniques and the third used double regression. As for the calculation of author data using SPSS 23 program. First, there is a significant influence on the morality of PAI Teachers on the morality of public high school students during the covid-19 period. Based on the acquisition of Fhitung (140,707) greater than Ftabel to the real level of α = 0.05 and α = 0.01 (Fcount = 140.707 > Ftable = 3, 89 and Fcount = 140.707 > Ftable = 6.76) and Tcount> (9,133 > 1,789 > 2,681) at α = 0.05 and α = 0.01, The coefficient of determination is 0.413. ( 41.3% ). Second, there is a significant influence on the learning achievements of PAI there are morals of students of SMA. Based on the acquisition of Fcount (8,164) greater than Ftable to the real level α = 0.05 (Fcount = 8.164 > Ftable = 3, 89 and Fcount = 8.164 > Ftable = 6.76 and also TCount>Ttable (7.641 > 2.353 or 7.641 > 2.681) at α = 0.05 and α = 0.01. The coefficient of determination is 0.039. ( 3,9 % ). Third, there is a significant influence of teacher's awareness PAI jointly on the students of SMA Negeri Based on the acquisition of Fcount (35,173) greater than Ftable to the real level α = 0.05 and α = 0.01 (Fcalculate = 35.173 > Ftable = 3.04 and Fcount = 35.173 > Ftable = 4.71) and also tcount acquisition> (5,035 > 1,860 or 5,035>2.89) and tcount> variable learning achievement (5.03 5 > 2,353 or 5,035 > 4,541) at α = 0.05 and α = 0.01, The coefficient of determination was 0.261 (26.1% ).","PeriodicalId":263576,"journal":{"name":"Ruhama : Islamic Education Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126451917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信