Carbon最新文献

{"title":"Carbon nanotubes as electrochemical sensors for neurotransmitters: Synthesis, doping, and applications","authors":"Alexandra Karagianni ,&nbsp;Nikos G. Tsierkezos ,&nbsp;Afroditi Ntziouni ,&nbsp;Mauricio Terrones ,&nbsp;Konstantinos V. Kordatos","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained widespread attention in recent years as promising materials for electrochemical sensing given their unique electronic, mechanical, and surface properties. Among various applications, CNTs have been utilized in the modification of electrodes for electrochemical sensing of biomolecules, including neurotransmitters. Catecholamines, including dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EPN), norepinephrine (NEPN), and serotonin (SE) constitute key neurotransmitters, which contribute to various physiological processes. Imbalances in catecholamine levels are associated with neurodegenerative diseases, underscoring the need for rapid and accurate determination of these neurotransmitters in biological samples. This review article presents the main synthetic routes for CNTs, along with doping strategies, emphasizing their impact on CNTs’ properties. We summarize the recent progress in the integration of CNTs-modified electrodes for neurotransmitters detection in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and clinical sample analysis. Furthermore, we discuss ongoing challenges and future perspectives regarding the optimization of CNTs-modified electrodes applied in real-time diagnostic platforms, thus enabling effective monitoring of neurotransmitter levels in complex biological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 120832"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplified fabrication of hollow flower-like CB@MnO2 for radar-infrared dual-stealth and ultra-broadband honeycomb absorber","authors":"Shi Jin ,&nbsp;Kui Wang ,&nbsp;Youjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Tianyu Shen ,&nbsp;Junhao Gao ,&nbsp;Kesong Xiao ,&nbsp;Xueping Wu ,&nbsp;Xianlong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) materials needs excellent absorption performance and radar-infrared (IR) stealth compatibility. We pioneered a simplified hydrothermal-calcination strategy to synthesize lightweight hollow flower-like CB@MnO₂-400 composites with IR stealth compatibility using only carbon black (CB) and potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) as precursors. Furthermore, this study explores the integration of powder materials into honeycomb structures, enabled by simulation-driven design, to effectively broaden the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) and enhance their versatility in various scenarios. The microstructure of CB@MnO₂ was adjusted by the calcination temperature. At a thickness of 1.8 mm, CB@MnO₂-400 exhibited an minimum reflection loss (RL_mᵢ_n) of −56.62 dB, accompanied by an EAB of 5.84 GHz. Notably, it demonstrates dual-functional stealth with a radar cross-section (RCS) reduction of 37.6 dB m² (at 10^o) and high infrared reflectivity (0.57 in far-infrared region). The remarkable EMWA performance and radar-infrared compatibility of CB@MnO₂-400 are attributed to the combined effects of various loss mechanisms and its distinctive hollow flower-like morphology. Additionally, a macroscopic honeycomb-structured absorber based on CB@MnO₂-400 was designed using CST electromagnetic simulation software, extending the EAB to 12.53 GHz. This study offers novel insights into optimizing both the microstructure and macrostructure of carbon-manganese materials for enhanced EMWA and infrared stealth performance, addressing a significant gap in the current literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 120843"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High yield production of lightweight porous carbon from petroleum coke towards efficient electromagnetic waves absorption in the multi-frequency range","authors":"Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Jiang ,&nbsp;Chaonan Wang ,&nbsp;Wang Yang ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to achieve better protection for electronic devices operating at different frequencies, it is necessary to investigate frequency-insensitive electromagnetic waves absorbing materials, which are able to achieve high absorption at multiple frequencies by only changing the thickness. In this paper, three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon materials (3DPC) were successfully fabricated via a facile heat treatment strategy by using petroleum coke and NaHCO₃ as carbon resource and salt template, respectively. The 3DPC material owns a favorable degree of graphitization and 3D porous structure, exhibiting an efficient absorption over −50 dB at multiple frequencies. Furthermore, a series of carbon materials with different morphologies were prepared via different salt templates. The results show that the well-built 3D porous configuration indeed acts a vital role in achieving efficient absorption property in multiple wavebands. This work provides a pioneering idea for development of frequency-insensitive electromagnetic waves absorbing materials and the high value-added utilization of petroleum coke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 120844"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior thermal conductivity graphene films achieved by laser-irradiation-treatment","authors":"Xiaoxiao Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiangwei Liu ,&nbsp;Benqing Liu ,&nbsp;Wencheng Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Han ,&nbsp;Liang Wang ,&nbsp;Ziheng Li ,&nbsp;Zeyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Sun ,&nbsp;Sabeen Fatima ,&nbsp;Gengchang Zhu ,&nbsp;Hu Li ,&nbsp;Klaus Leifer","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120838","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120838","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene films (GFs) exhibit exceptional thermal conductivity, making them highly promising for thermal management applications by efficiently dissipating heat and ensuring the stable operation of electronic devices. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by complex preparation processes, particularly due to the ultra-high temperature annealing treatments. To address this challenge, this work presents an energy-saving and simple-to-operate preparation strategy of GFs. The fabrication process involves the synchronous reduction and assembly of graphene oxide (GO) on metal substrates, followed by a two-step treatment consisting of 1000 °C annealing treatment and laser-irradiation treatment to remove the oxygen-containing functional groups and repair the structural defects in the film. By substituting traditional ultra-high temperature treatment with laser irradiation, this approach significantly reduces the energy consumption and fabrication time, and the resulting GFs, after mechanical pressing, achieve an in-plane thermal conductivity of 1801.07 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, surpassing that of conventional metal such as copper and aluminum. Therefore, our approach provides a superior thermal management solution for next-generation high-power electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 120838"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultramicroporous carbon molecular sieve membranes via co-pyrolysis of cobalt-2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl) pyridine and polyetherimide for enhanced gas separations","authors":"Yi-Chen Lin ,&nbsp;Zhong Zheng ,&nbsp;Ruth Knibbe ,&nbsp;Jing-Yi Li ,&nbsp;Hui-Hsin Tseng ,&nbsp;Dianne E. Wiley ,&nbsp;David K. Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSM) have been extensively researched for industrial gas separation owing to their high permeance, tailored selectivity, and stability in corrosive and high-temperature environments. In recent years, CMSM development has focused on modifying the structure of carbon precursors to improve permeability. In this study, we designed a new thin film CMSM incorporating cobalt-2,6-bis(2-benzimidazolyl) pyridine (CoB) dopant within the polyetherimide (PEI) precursor on tubular <em>α</em>-alumina substrates. CoB-doped CMSM (CoB_CM) with systematic CoB concentrations (0–10 w/w %) were investigated to understand the co-pyrolysis effect of CoB on the PEI-derived CMSM microstructure and gas transport (single gas permeation and binary gas separation) over the course of 10 days, with an average membrane thickness of 10 μm. These were fabricated using a vacuum-assisted, dip-coating process followed by vacuum pyrolysis at 600 °C. The binary gas separation (H₂/CH₄, 50/50 vol%) tests further demonstrate the enhanced stability and separation performance of the 1CoB_CM membrane over the PEI_CM membrane, producing H₂ permeability of 2800 Barrer (282.2 ± 0.35 GPU) and H₂/CH₄ selectivity of 234 ± 2. These results suggest that CoB can effectively tune the micropore architecture of the CMSM, particularly further enhancing ultramicroporosity and gas transport of smaller gases, thereby offers a promising strategy of developing high-performance carbon molecular sieving membranes for challenging gas separations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 120839"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bulk-scale stress–strain hysteresis in layered crystalline solids: A study of graphite and Ti3SiC2","authors":"A.G. Westra ,&nbsp;E.R. Pittman ,&nbsp;M. De Graef ,&nbsp;X. Zhao ,&nbsp;M.W. Barsoum ,&nbsp;L.E. Lamberson","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycrystalline graphite and the MAX phase Ti<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>SiC<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> are layered crystalline solids with similar deformation mechanisms, including basal slip, ripplocation boundaries (RBs), kink boundaries (KBs), and cracking. The interplay of these mechanisms, notably in energy dissipation, has been much discussed in the past twenty-five years. This study builds upon previous work, investigating deformation with a renewed emphasis on the bulk-scale and given recent findings concerning RBs. Our investigation compares the evolution of energy dissipation, nonlinear recoverable and irrecoverable strain, and damage upon increasing stress for graphite and Ti<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>SiC<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. Benitez et al.’s (2016) methodology of compressive cyclic loading and post-mortem electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to assess the prevalence of kinking based on low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) was used. Strains were measured with digital image correlation and EBSD was conducted on Ti<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>SiC<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> leveraging dictionary indexing, which was necessary herein to identify LAGBs accurately. The stress–strain stages of Ti<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>SiC<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> agree with literature on Ti<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>AlC. Damage and energy dissipation were more accelerated in graphite. No significant difference was observed in the fraction of LAGBs between pristine and unloaded Ti<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>SiC<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. Trends observed and EBSD evidence that KBs were not dominant suggest that RBs are the primary dissipator of energy in both materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"246 ","pages":"Article 120829"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene/ carbon black /polyimide aerogels: Integrating microwave absorption, thermal stability, flame retardancy, and hydrophobicity","authors":"Min Chao ,&nbsp;Bei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiahua Yang ,&nbsp;Chunjia Luo ,&nbsp;Chaobo Liang ,&nbsp;Luke Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electromagnetic absorption properties of single optimized wave-absorbing materials limit their practical applications in complex environments such as aerospace and military protection. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop composite materials that combine high temperature resistance, flame retardancy and other properties with efficient wave-absorbing properties. In this study, MXene/CB/PI (MCP) aerogels were successfully prepared by using polyimide (PI) as the polymer matrix and carbon black (CB) and MXene as the conductive fillers. The porous structure of the aerogel enhances the multiple reflections and propagation path length of electromagnetic waves. The conductive network facilitates the conversion of electromagnetic waves into electric currents for efficient conductive loss and multiple heterogeneous interfaces enhance the interfacial polarization. Therefore, the prepared MCP aerogel has excellent microwave absorption properties, with a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −56.3 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) that completely covers the X-band (4.2 GHz). In addition, MCP aerogel also exhibits: excellent thermal stability (Weight loss is only noticeable above 520 °C), good flame retardancy (LOI up to 43.7 %) and good hydrophobicity (water contact angle of about 110°). MCP aerogel materials combine multiple functions and are expected to play an important role in aerospace and other fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 120842"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene and its macroscopic assembly multifunctional materials: Thermal properties and electromagnetic functions at elevated temperatures","authors":"Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Peng Gao ,&nbsp;Zhuang Ma ,&nbsp;Lihong Gao ,&nbsp;Peng Li ,&nbsp;Xiulan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of integrated circuits in electronics, aerospace and other fields poses new challenges to the thermal diffusion and elevated-temperature electromagnetic interference shielding ability of products. Carbon-based materials are the most promising candidates for multifunctional applications due to their excellent thermal conductivity, electrical properties, light weight, flexibility and reasonable processing cost. In particular, graphene has attracted extensive attention owing to its extraordinary thermal conductivity and exceptional electrical characteristics. This paper first introduces the fundamental mechanisms of heat transfer and electromagnetic response. Specifically, we provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the thermal properties and thermal conductivity enhancement of graphene-related materials, analyzing the application potential of graphene macroscopic assembly materials in thermal management. Furthermore, typical studies on the temperature-dependent electromagnetic performance of graphene-based materials are reviewed. Finally, future development trends of graphene-based materials in the integrated thermal/electromagnetic management field are prospected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 120828"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma surface engineering of graphite and its effect on advancing the performance of aluminium battery","authors":"Ruiqi Chen ,&nbsp;Neelakandan M. Santhosh ,&nbsp;Janez Zavašnik ,&nbsp;Ravi Kumar Trivedi ,&nbsp;Saju Joseph ,&nbsp;Komal Gola ,&nbsp;Nitish Kumar ,&nbsp;Uroš Cvelbar ,&nbsp;Jinhua Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminium batteries, with high gravimetric capacities and cost-effective aluminium metal anodes, are a promising alternative to the existing energy storage devices. Graphite is a frontrunner among variously explored cathode active materials due to its high electrical conductivity and ability to accommodate chloroaluminate anions for non-aqueous aluminium batteries. However, the quality of graphite, surface chemistry, contamination, and various structures affect the performance differently. Particularly, the graphite surface significantly influences the fast intercalation of aluminium anions. Here, we put forward a fast and facile plasma-enabled surface engineering strategy to tailor the commercial graphite flakes to investigate their effect on the storage capabilities of chloroaluminate anions. A mild hydrogen and argon plasma was used to engineer the graphite surface and tailor the structural quality. Notably, the hydrogen plasma-treated graphite exhibits a significant increase in electrochemical performance by delivering a remarkable specific capacity (132.68 mAh/g at 50 mA/g) and excellent high-rate performance (83.94 mAh/g at 1000 mA/g) with good stability. Ex-situ Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies showed that plasma surface tailoring allows the fast intercalation of the chloroaluminate. The controlled plasma surface treatment on graphite directs the fundamental understanding of the basic principles of intercalation chemistry of chloroaluminate in graphite via the surface. The effect of the surface treatment on the ion intercalation and energy storage capability was confirmed and demonstrated by the density functional theory calculation. Such a finding would pave a new path to developing practical aluminium batteries using commercially available graphite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 120835"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational micro/nano-architecture design of Fe3O4@TiO2/PI/rGO aerogels for integrated broadband microwave absorption, flame retardancy, and moisture resistance","authors":"Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuzhi Xing ,&nbsp;Shiping Shao ,&nbsp;Yunxiang Tang ,&nbsp;Zhou Wang ,&nbsp;Quan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiurong Liu ,&nbsp;Fenglong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.120840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing advanced electromagnetic wave absorbing (EMA) materials with strong absorption, thin thickness, broad bandwidth, and low filler loading to address the increasingly severe issue of electromagnetic pollution remains a significant challenge. Herein, leveraging a multi-component strategy, Fe₃O₄@TiO₂/PI/rGO (FTPRG) composite aerogels with a three-dimensional directional porous structure were fabricated through directional freezing and thermal treatment processes. The introduction of magnetic Fe₃O₄@TiO₂ microspheres into the PI/rGO framework not only optimizes the impedance matching characteristics of the material but also generates abundant polarization and magnetic loss mechanisms, thereby enhancing electromagnetic wave absorption. Notably, FTPRG-1 composite aerogel exhibits exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −63.2 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB_max) of 7.44 GHz (10.56–18 GHz) at a low filler loading of 5 wt%. Additionally, FTPRG-1 aerogel exhibits multifunctional integration of moderate hydrophobicity, interesting oil-water separation capacity, flame retardancy and thermal insulation with low thermal conductivity of 30.6 mW m⁻¹ K⁻¹, demonstrating promising potential as an advanced EMA material for complex application scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"245 ","pages":"Article 120840"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}