Carbohydrate Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Influence of cellulose nanomaterial dimensions on the crystalline structure and properties of thermoplastic starch composites","authors":"Dasom Son ,&nbsp;Junhyuk Lee ,&nbsp;Sung Kyu Kim ,&nbsp;DongHo Kang ,&nbsp;Hyun Wook Jung ,&nbsp;Jin Kie Shim","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is increasingly recognized as a promising candidate for the manufacture of sustainable and biodegradable materials. In this study, we investigate how the dimensions of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) influence crystalline structures during the gelatinization and retrogradation of TPS. CNMs with systematically varied dimensions were prepared via acid hydrolysis of cellulose nanofibrils. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analyses confirmed that decreasing CNM dimensions promoted the disruption of aggregated amylopectin (AP) clusters, leading to the release and crystallization of long amylose (AM) chains into Vh-type structures. In contrast, larger CNMs preserved the AP clusters, favoring the formation of B-type double helices. This dimension-dependent transition of crystalline structures significantly influenced the mechanical properties of TPS composites. Toughness improved by up to 34 % compared to neat TPS, particularly with intermediate CNMs (average length ∼ 233 nm), promoting a favorable balance between strength and elongation. Furthermore, CNM incorporation uniformly reduced water adsorption by approximately 20 %, while oxygen permeability decreased from 1.61 to 0.52 cm³·mm·m⁻²·day⁻¹·atm⁻¹ with decreasing CNM dimensions. These findings demonstrate that CNM dimensions enable tailored crystalline structure development and property optimization in TPS composites for diverse applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 124448"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-property relationships in minimally processed insect chitin/carboxymethyl cellulose films","authors":"Madalen Azpitarte Aretxabaleta ,&nbsp;Piyawan Yimlamai ,&nbsp;Aitor Larrañaga ,&nbsp;Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi ,&nbsp;Blaise Leopold Tardy ,&nbsp;Thomas Rosenau ,&nbsp;Marco Beaumont ,&nbsp;Antje Potthast ,&nbsp;Erlantz Lizundia","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymers from renewable resources, e.g., polysaccharides, can decarbonize the materials sector and transform the dominant linear carbon-intensive economies into sustainable biobased models. Chitin – conventionally isolated from crustaceans – enables multiple advances in carbohydrate science. Here, we studied insect exuviae as an emerging source of chitin, and explored how different top-down isolation processes affected its structure and physicochemical properties. NaOH-treatment predominantly removed proteins, allowing control over the chitin-to-protein ratio. The chitin was used to reinforce a model biobased polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Free-standing films containing 1, 2 and 5 wt% chitin were fabricated by aqueous dispersion and doctor-blade casting. The mechanical reinforcing effect was greater for minimally processed insect chitin, where 1 wt% minimally-processed chitin, a protein rich material (14–20 wt%), increased the Young's modulus by 26 %, from 1750 ± 220 MPa for the neat CMC to 2210 ± 190 MPa for the composite. Conversely, higher purity chitin obtained from 1 M NaOH (1–5 wt% protein) increased the elastic modulus by 11 %. Chitin also improved surface hydrophobicity and film opacity, evaluated across chitin concentration in CMC films and treatment severity, totaling nine samples. This research underscores the promise of insect-derived chitin and minimal biomass processing for sustainable yet competitive polymeric materials from renewable carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 124451"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial cellulose: Modification and application in food packaging","authors":"Xiaoxiao Cheng ,&nbsp;Min Fan ,&nbsp;Yuying Gao ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Xiong ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial cellulose (BC) has entered the food packaging arena due to its excellent mechanical performance, good biocompatibility and degradability. In recent decades, researchers have conducted extensive research on the cultivation and improvement of BC. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the functional modification of BC and its applications in food packaging. First, we summarized the latest research progress in enhancing BC production, regulating its structure, and endowing it with antibacterial properties, ultraviolet (UV) protection, controllable wettability, efficient adsorption, and enhanced mechanical properties through physical, chemical, and biological methods. Meanwhile, we discussed the potential risks of BC modification to food safety. Furthermore, we focused on the application of functionalized BC in food preservation packaging and intelligent packaging films, demonstrating its great potential in active preservation and real-time monitoring of food quality. Finally, we prospected the future development direction of modified BC, pointing out that the development of green, efficient, and safe large-scale modification technologies is the key to its commercial application. This paper provides theoretical references and application guidance for the development of BC-based high-performance food packaging materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 124450"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose-engineered janus periosteum with compartmentalized angiogenic and osteo-immunomodulatory abilities for bone regeneration","authors":"Wuyan Xu ,&nbsp;Kun Liu ,&nbsp;Jiaqing Chen ,&nbsp;Junliang Liu ,&nbsp;Siming Li ,&nbsp;Hua Wang ,&nbsp;Binghong Luo ,&nbsp;Qingqi Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone regeneration is clinically challenging because vascularization, osteo-induction, and immune modulation are difficult to synchronize. Inspired by the native periosteum's bilayer architecture and multifunctional roles, we developed a wood-engineered Janus periosteum (EW-P-D@HACA-T) that integrates deferoxamine (DFO)-functionalized elastic wood (EW-P-D) with a bio-adhesive catechol-modified hyaluronic acid/tricalcium phosphate hydrogel (HACA-T). This construct mimics the anisotropic structure and compartmentalized functions of natural periosteum, providing dual support for angiogenesis and osteo-immunomodulation. EW-P-D maintains mechanical integrity and guides cell orientation, while sustained release activates the HIF-1α/VEGF pathway to enhance endothelial maturation and bone formation. Concurrently, the HACA-T composite hydrogel promotes osteogenic differentiation and polarizes macrophages toward an M2 phenotype, creating a pro-regenerative immune microenvironment. Furthermore, transcriptomic profiling revealed coordinated activation of p53, TGF-β, and ECM remodeling pathways, highlighting the scaffold's capacity to orchestrate tissue regeneration at the molecular level. In vivo evaluation using a rat skull defect model confirmed superior bone bridging, collagen deposition, neovascularization, and systemic biosafety. This study presents a structurally and functionally integrated wood-engineered periosteum substitute, demonstrating a paradigm shift toward engineered solutions that synchronize mechanical, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory cues for bone defect repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 124444"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into polyphenols' encapsulation in cyclodextrins: An updated systematic literature review","authors":"Mohammadine Moumou,&nbsp;Souliman Amrani,&nbsp;Hicham Harnafi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyphenols are phytochemicals derived from fruits, leaves, flowers, roots, and other parts of various plants and other natural resources. These secondary metabolites, with some currently could be chemically synthesized, are associated with a plethora of bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and anti-diabetic activities. Recently, polyphenols have attracted a huge amount of attention in the food industry, as they are natural preservatives with some used as colorants and flavoring agents. However, the poor solubility and rapid degradation when exposed to environmental conditions, astringency and bitter taste, as well as the limited bioavailability of polyphenols hindered their applications in food products and pharmaceuticals. This work main objective is to provide an up-to-date overview of polyphenols' encapsulation in cyclodextrins (CDs) as reliable tools to overcome the aforementioned challenges. An overview of CD types, inclusion properties and the main techniques used to prepare and characterize inclusion complexes (ICs) will be provided. Interestingly, we systematically reviewed the current knowledge about CDs' encapsulation of phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, tannins, and other phenolic molecules. The use of CDs as encapsulation agents for chemically characterized phenolic-rich extracts will also be discussed. This review also covers bioavailability, various applications, limitations, and future perspectives on CD/polyphenol ICs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 124441"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacing OSA starch: A novel maltodextrin-vitamin E succinate conjugate with superior emulsifying and antioxidant performance in resveratrol-loaded nanoemulsions","authors":"Yuanyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Chang Zhang ,&nbsp;David Julian McClements ,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhou ,&nbsp;Xuguang Yin ,&nbsp;Runpu Shen ,&nbsp;Xin Tang ,&nbsp;Kewu Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiang Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed novel maltodextrin-vitamin E succinate (DE19-VES) conjugates were synthesized at different mass ratios of VES to maltodextrin (5 % and 10 %) as multifunctional emulsifiers for resveratrol encapsulation. Compared to nanoemulsions stabilized by octenyl succinic anhydride-modified starch (OSA<img>S), those stabilized by DE19-VES conjugates exhibited significantly smaller droplet sizes, higher encapsulation efficiencies, and superior physical stability. Crucially, the DE19-VES conjugates imparted exceptional antioxidant properties to the nanoemulsions, enhancing radical scavenging activity, oxidative stability, and markedly improved protection of encapsulated resveratrol against degradation. <em>In vitro</em> digestion demonstrated significantly enhanced resveratrol bioavailability from DE19-VES-stabilized nanoemulsions <em>versus</em> OSA<img>S. Cytotoxicity evaluation using human gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES-1) confirmed that all formulations were non-toxic. These results highlight the dual functionality (emulsification and potent antioxidant activity) of the engineered maltodextrin conjugates, establishing their strong potential as advanced carbohydrate-based emulsifiers for protecting and delivering sensitive bioactives in pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and supplements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 124445"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust porous aerogel frameworks with high oil absorption derived from hierarchical nanocellulose/lipid nanoparticle composites","authors":"Dechu Chen ,&nbsp;Yee-Ying Lee ,&nbsp;Chin-Ping Tan ,&nbsp;Yong Wang ,&nbsp;Chaoying Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanocellulose aerogels featuring lightweight and hierarchical pore structures hold significant promise in food and pharma applications. However, maintaining stable frameworks while achieving high oil absorption remains challenging due to the inherent polar nature of nanocellulose. Herein, we present a foam−template method utilizing biodegradable solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and bacterial cellulose (BC)/acetylated cellulose nanofibers (AA−CNF) based on their assembly strategy. This method fully leverages the structural of nanocellulose as a framework material and the SLN as wettability tailoring component. The hydrogen bonding interaction and crystal−oriented deposition facilitates the construction of robust porous structures with enhanced oil absorption. The aerogel exhibits honeycomb architectures and exceptional compression capabilities. Epicuticular lipid microvilli impart multi−level surface roughness and significant hydrophobicity (138–140°), concurrently enhancing mechanical strength. The aerogel exhibits high oil absorption capacities (100–140 g/g) and the as prepared oleogels display a high elastic modulus (∼1.5 × 10⁶ Pa). The templating approach enables structuring of liquid oils into semi−solid oleogels, representing a healthier alternative to saturated fats. The aerogels are also ideal thermal insulation materials with higher insulation ability in presence of SLN. Capitalizing on their hierarchical structure, the multifunctional hybrid aerogels prepared by the green and scalable foam−templated approach employing nanocellulose and lipid particles prove effective as both oleogel skeletons and thermal insulators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 124442"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the efficient preparation of tough cellulose nanopapers","authors":"Florian Mayer ,&nbsp;William W. Sampson ,&nbsp;Daniela Wloch ,&nbsp;Andreas Mautner ,&nbsp;Alexander Bismarck","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose nanopapers are attractive materials with outstanding mechanical and optical properties, yet their production is slow. The use of non-aqueous suspension media, in particular ethanol, for nanopaper production reduced filtration times by 73 %. Nanopapers prepared from ethanolic suspensions possessed higher porosities than those prepared from aqueous suspensions, reducing their transparency and tensile properties. Rewetting nanopapers prepared from ethanolic suspensions with water and subsequent drying yielded nanopapers with densities essentially the same as those prepared from aqueous suspensions, which in turn greatly increased mechanical properties and transparency. The strain to failure of rewetted and dried nanopapers prepared from ethanolic suspensions increased from 2.8 % to 7.5 %. The strain to failure of rewetted and dried nanopapers prepared from ethanolic suspensions was also greater than that of nanopapers prepared from aqueous suspensions (3.3 %) albeit at the expense of a 20 % decrease in tensile strength and modulus, which was shown to be attributable to a lower bonding contribution between fibrils in the network. The increased strain to failure results in significantly increased work of fracture. The rewetting and drying treatment also yielded nanopapers with high total luminous transmittance and haze.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 124443"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclodextrin polyrotaxane based self oxygen supplying nanoparticles for enhancing the sonodynamic therapy mammary cancer performance with a “one-stone-two-birds” strategy","authors":"Yongyan Sun ,&nbsp;Kaixuan Luo ,&nbsp;Xi Zhu ,&nbsp;Moxian Chen ,&nbsp;Yuting Sun ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Yunxiao Yang ,&nbsp;Jianmei Yang ,&nbsp;Guixi Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jin Yan ,&nbsp;Junnan He ,&nbsp;Lidong Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a novel anti-tumor approach that offers the advantages of deep penetration, high therapeutic efficacy, and minimal damage to normal tissues. However, the organic sonosensitizers tetraphenylporphyrin can inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the intermolecular π-π stacking effect, resulting in a poor SDT effect. SDT utilizing oxygen-dependent sonosensitizers are frequently limited by the hypoxic microenvironment characteristic of solid tumors. Herein, we have successfully developed an enhanced SDT self oxygen supplying delivery system based on cyclodextrin polyrotaxane to inhibit the π-π stacking effect between tetraphenylporphyrin molecules and improve the hypoxic microenvironment. A “one-stone-two-birds” strategy was proposed. On one hand, the spatial effect of cyclodextrin and polyrotaxane was utilized to enhance the yield of ROS from the sonosensitizers agent porphyrin. On the other hand, the GOx and manganese dioxide nanozyme were loaded onto polyrotaxane through electrostatic adsorption, enabling the reversal of hypoxic environment at the tumor site through a cascade reaction. Ultimately, the prepared polyrotaxane nanoparticles, combined with targeted accumulation to enhance SDT efficacy and starvation therapy, resulted in a 76 % suppression of tumor growth. This study develops an innovative approach to enhance SDT performance of tetraphenylporphyrin via cyclodextrin polyrotaxane spatial effects, while offering a novel strategy to alleviate tumor hypoxia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 124439"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-disinfecting adhesive chitosan nanospray therapeutics for on-demand antibiotic prophylaxis against healthcare-associated infections","authors":"Ji Won Choi ,&nbsp;Mou Seung Kim ,&nbsp;Yun Kee Jo","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) present a critical clinical challenge that significantly increases patient morbidity and healthcare costs. While pH-responsive antibacterial nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising therapeutic platforms, current strategies are hampered by poor tissue adhesion and premature drug release under physiological conditions. Here, we propose sprayable adhesive antibacterial NPs based on catechol-conjugated chitosan with dynamic Cu²⁺ coordination for infection-triggered vancomycin release in HAI prevention. This multifunctional therapeutic system uniquely integrates robust tissue adhesion, infection-responsive drug release, superior biocompatibility, and potent antibacterial activity unlike conventional approaches that address individual aspects separately. The catechol-Cu²⁺ coordinated chitosan NPs (Cat-CS@Van NPs) fabricated <em>via</em> electrospraying exhibited superior mucoadhesive properties through multiple interaction mechanisms. Crucially, vancomycin release at acidic pH (5.0) was ∼2.7-fold higher than at physiological pH (7.4), achieving ∼75.5 % release within 8 h through acidification-induced destabilization of catechol-Cu²⁺ complexes. The Cat-CS@Van NPs also retained excellent sprayability without structural degradation and maintained strong tissue adhesion after washing. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>ex vivo</em> assays showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, enabling complete bacterial eradication at the minimum inhibitory loading concentration and effective prevention of bacterial translocation across medical device interfaces. Furthermore, <em>in vivo</em> wound infection models demonstrated improved therapeutic outcomes with enhanced wound healing compared to controls. Thus, our sprayable Cat-CS@Van NP system provides a promising approach for site-directed antibacterial prophylaxis to achieve instant and sustainable bactericidal action for effective HAI prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"370 ","pages":"Article 124407"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}