Le Gia Trung , Jin Seog Gwag , Ha Huu Do , Rajneesh Kumar Mishra , Minh Kim Nguyen , Nguyen Tien Tran
{"title":"Hierarchical chitin and chitosan-derived heterostructural nanocomposites: From interdisciplinary applications to a sustainable vision","authors":"Le Gia Trung , Jin Seog Gwag , Ha Huu Do , Rajneesh Kumar Mishra , Minh Kim Nguyen , Nguyen Tien Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural biopolymeric nanomaterials are highly prioritized and indispensable for industrial production and human use due to their exceptional features. In recent years, the development of bioinspired materials has rapidly advanced, driven by their outstanding qualities and versatile applications. Among these, chitin and chitosan stand out for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and hierarchical structures, captivating researchers worldwide. In order to ameliorate the characteristics of these materials, integrating them with complementary components such as polymers, organics, and nanomaterials to create multifunctional chitinous bio-composites has become increasingly important. This review highlights recent progress in the development of these composite biomaterials, emphasizing biomimetic design, synthesis methodologies, and applications in drug delivery, cancer therapy, tissue engineering, wound healing, antimicrobial activity, food safety, natural bio-adhesives, and various industrial uses, alongside their ecological balance on Earth within a sustainable vision. Additionally, the discussion also addresses ongoing challenges and explores potential prospects for advancing these innovative biocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 123702"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitor H. Pomin , Fuming Zhang , Jonathan S. Dordick
{"title":"Role, binding properties, and potential therapeutical use of glycosaminoglycans and mimetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In memory of Dr. Robert Linhardt (1953–2025)","authors":"Vitor H. Pomin , Fuming Zhang , Jonathan S. Dordick","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dr. Robert Linhardt was a prolific scientist who paved the way for understanding the key aspects of structure, function, synthesis, mechanisms of action, and potential therapeutic use of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). His contribution to the field of Glycobiology for over 40 years led to an incredible legacy in terms of mentorship, publication, and research accomplishment. Sorrowfully, he succumbed to a rare case of spinal cancer aggravated by a SARS-CoV-2 infection at the beginning of 2025. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Linhardt published approximately 20 groundbreaking scientific articles unraveling the role, mechanism of action, virus binding properties, and potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 use of GAGs. In honor of the extraordinary contribution of Dr. Robert Linhardt in the fields of GAGs and SARS-CoV2, we review herein the main scientific achievements of his set of published works on the topic, after presenting a biography of this renowned glycoscientist.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 123703"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li-Ting Wu , I-Lin Tsai , Yi-Cheng Ho , Yu-Hao Hang , Chi Lin , Min-Lang Tsai , Fwu-Long Mi
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Active and intelligent gellan gum-based packaging films for controlling anthocyanins release and monitoring food freshness” [Carbohydrate Polymers 254 (2021) 117410]","authors":"Li-Ting Wu , I-Lin Tsai , Yi-Cheng Ho , Yu-Hao Hang , Chi Lin , Min-Lang Tsai , Fwu-Long Mi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123632","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 123632"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Limei Liang , Tao Liu , Qianqian Ouyang , Sidong Li , Chengpeng Li
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Solid phase synthesis of oxidized sodium alginate-tobramycin conjugate and its application for infected wound healing” [Carbohydrate Polymers 295 (2022) 119843]","authors":"Limei Liang , Tao Liu , Qianqian Ouyang , Sidong Li , Chengpeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123640","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 123640"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143900240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Wang , Chang-Song Wu , Ya-Zhen Hu , Lan Yang , Xu-Jie Zhang , Yong-An Zhang
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Plasmablasts induced by chitosan oligosaccharide secrete natural IgM to enhance the humoral immunity in grass carp” [Carbohydrate Polymers 281 (2022) 119073]","authors":"Jie Wang , Chang-Song Wu , Ya-Zhen Hu , Lan Yang , Xu-Jie Zhang , Yong-An Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 123595"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guangjia Lv , Dehai Li , Yihong Bao , Yajuan Qin , Xuan Zhang , Fei Xu , Kexue Zhu , Yutong Zhang , Yanjun Zhang
{"title":"Effects of methoxy groups and carbon–carbon double bonds in phenolic acids on the physicochemical characteristics and digestibility of cassava starch","authors":"Guangjia Lv , Dehai Li , Yihong Bao , Yajuan Qin , Xuan Zhang , Fei Xu , Kexue Zhu , Yutong Zhang , Yanjun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of weakly polar methoxy groups and nonpolar carbon–carbon double bonds in phenolic acids (PAs) on the physicochemical characteristics and digestibility of cassava starch (CS) using vanillic acid (VA), syringic acid (SA), ferulic acid (FA), and sinapic acid (EA). Both methoxy groups and carbon–carbon double bonds are shown to modify molecular phase distributions, reduce the energy gap (<em>ΔE</em>), and increase electron localization. These changes enhance the overall hydrophobicity and activity of PAs, thereby enhancing their ability to bind with starch and form hydrogen bonds. Additionally, methoxy groups and carbon‑carbon double bonds can enhance the crystallinity of the complex, reduce gelatinization viscosity, improve thermal stability, and reduce digestibility. Notably, EA, with the most methoxy groups and carbon–carbon double bonds, exhibits the lowest <em>ΔE</em> (3.9105 eV), the highest resistant starch content (47.79 ± 0.60 %), and the most significant reduction in glycemic-index (GI) (71.52 ± 0.54 %). Finally, carbon–carbon double bonds demonstrate a more pronounced effect than methoxy groups in improving the physicochemical properties and digestibility of starch, confirming the substantial potential of nonpolar molecular groups in improving starch characteristics. These findings provide valuable insights for starch modification techniques and the development of low GI food products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 123687"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhou-Wei Wu , Xiao-Cui Liu , Chen-Xi Quan , Xin-Yu Tao , Yi-Luo , Xue-Fang Zhao , Xing-Rong Peng , Ming-Hua Qiu
{"title":"Novel galactose-rich polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum: structural characterization and immunomodulatory activities","authors":"Zhou-Wei Wu , Xiao-Cui Liu , Chen-Xi Quan , Xin-Yu Tao , Yi-Luo , Xue-Fang Zhao , Xing-Rong Peng , Ming-Hua Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Galactose-rich polysaccharides from <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> have emerged as promising immunomodulatory agents, yet their structural characteristics and mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel galactose-rich polysaccharide (GLP-1b, 16.79 kDa) from <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em>. The analysis revealed a unique structure comprising an α-1,6-linked galactan backbone with C-2/C-3 acetylation, and complex branching with diverse terminal residues including T-α-L-Fuc-(−4-OAc), T-α-D-Man, and T-α-D-Glc. In vitro studies demonstrated that GLP-1b enhanced macrophage function through TLR4-dependent activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, resulting in increased NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. In a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression mouse model, GLP-1 administration significantly restored immune homeostasis by normalizing CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell ratios, elevating CD19<sup>+</sup> B cell percentages, enhancing immunoglobulin production, and maintaining intestinal barrier integrity. Analyses revealed concurrent changes in immune parameters, gut microbiota composition (including <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Alistipes</em> populations), and metabolic profiles Metabolomics identified key changes in immune-supportive metabolites, including phospholipids and TCA cycle intermediates, as well as modulation of bile acid pathways. These findings demonstrate that GLP-1b exhibits immunomodulatory activities both in vitro and in vivo, with immune effects that coincide with changes in gut microbiota and host metabolism. These observations provide insights for developing polysaccharide-based immunotherapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 123695"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boris B. Berezin , Sergey N. Kulikov , Irina L. Zhuravleva , Marina G. Ezernitskaya , Vladimir E. Piskarev , Yurij A. Antonov , Evgeniya A. Bezrodnykh , Vladimir E. Tikhonov
{"title":"Complexation with chicken yolk phosvitin modulates antibacterial activity of chitosan","authors":"Boris B. Berezin , Sergey N. Kulikov , Irina L. Zhuravleva , Marina G. Ezernitskaya , Vladimir E. Piskarev , Yurij A. Antonov , Evgeniya A. Bezrodnykh , Vladimir E. Tikhonov","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, it is shown for the first time that complexation with phosvitin does not restrict bacteriostatic activity of chitosan. Moreover, chitosan possesses the activity in the presence of phosvitin in acidic and alkalescent media. Besides, minimal inhibition concentrations of chitosan decrease in both acidic (pH 5.8) and alkalescent (pH 7.4) media, and chitosan shows two/fourfold higher bacteriostatic activity at 0.25–1.0 mg/ml phosvitin concentration in solution compared with that of chitosan alone due to an additive effect of chitosan and phosvitin, <em>i.e.</em> phosvitin modulates antimicrobial activity of chitosan in the acidic and alkalescent media. It is shown that the electrostatic and non-electrostatic forces are responsible for formation of soluble and insoluble chitosan/phosvitin complexes. Solely negatively charged complexes are formed in alkalescent medium. A faster interaction occurs in acidic medium, and insoluble complexes have five times as much phosvitin as the soluble ones. In their turn, soluble complexes enriched with chitosan are formed in both acidic and alkalescent media. It is presumed that a transfer of labile protons from phosvitin onto chitosan strengthens the electrostatic complexation between chitosan and phosvitin molecules. The finding can be promising for construction of phosvitin/chitosan-based drug-delivery systems and cosmetic compositions possessing antimicrobial activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 123691"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinyan Gu , Mouming Zhao , Lijun You , Lianzhu Lin
{"title":"Demonstration of the effective intestinal immunity activity of a high branched rhamnogalacturonan-I type pectin polysaccharide from wolfberry via exploration its interaction with mechanical barrier","authors":"Jinyan Gu , Mouming Zhao , Lijun You , Lianzhu Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rhamnogalacturonan-I type pectin polysaccharide from wolfberry has immunity activity, but its intestinal immunity activity and structure-activity relationship in the small intestine was still unclear. This study comparatively investigated the intestinal immune activity of wolfberry-derived high and low branched Rhamnogalacturonan-I type pectin polysaccharides (H-LBP and L-LBP) and explored the interaction mechanism with mechanical barrier. In the normal mechanical barrier model, both H-LBP and L-LBP could cross mechanical barrier with transport rates of 23.2 % and 25 %, thereby directly enhancing macrophage viability and phagocytic ability after crossing the mechanical barrier. The transport mechanism of H-LBP in mechanical barrier included the clathrin- and caveolin-mediated pathways. In the damaged mechanical barrier model, H-LBP could significantly enhance mechanical barrier integrity, reduce the production of neurotransmitter (NO) and inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α), thereby exerting indirectly intestinal immune activity. Transcriptome analysis showed that the interaction mechanism between H-LBP and damaged mechanical barrier mainly involved signaling pathway regulating cell growth and survival (PI3K-AKT). Western blot experiment and molecular docking simulation confirmed that H-LBP could reduce the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and cleaved Caspase3. H-LBP had stronger directly and indirectly intestinal immune activity than L-LBP. These findings were useful for the application of H-LBP in improving intestinal immunity oral formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 123698"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical properties of carriers based on natural polymers: Polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids as wall materials","authors":"Qinfei Ke, Zhaoyuan Qin, Xingxing Yang, Qingran Meng, Xin Huang, Xingran Kou, Yunchong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.123699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional synthetic polymer carriers are restricted due to microplastic pollution, whereas, natural polymer materials have gained widespread use as wall materials for carriers due to their biodegradability, availability, ease of modification, and biocompatibility. The mechanical properties of carriers are particularly crucial for formulation design, storage stability, and practical performance. However, there is currently a lack of reviews on the mechanical properties of natural polymer-based carriers (NPC). This paper delves into the mechanical properties of NPC from five aspects: First, natural polymer wall materials are classified into polysaccharide-based, protein-based, lipid-based, and composite materials, focusing on polysaccharide-dominated systems, and the mechanical properties of NPC constructed from materials of different origins are summarized. Second, various preparation techniques for NPC are introduced, summarizing the mechanical properties of carriers constructed by each method. The paper then examines regulation strategies of the mechanical properties of NPC, including modification techniques, encapsulated substances, morphology, and particle size. Next, methods for characterizing mechanical properties of NPC are introduced. Finally, there is a summary of the progress of NPCs with different mechanical properties in fields, highlighting the challenges faced and proposing future research directions. This review links mechanical optimization to performance, bridging research and applications with eco-friendly NPC strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 123699"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}