Biosensors and Bioelectronics最新文献

{"title":"Development of AI-integrated smartphone sponge-based sensors utilizing His@Co-NC nanozymes for highly sensitive sarcosine detection","authors":"Peng Liu ,&nbsp;Chuanwei Shi ,&nbsp;Yeping Liu ,&nbsp;Fei Yang ,&nbsp;Yanzhao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for point-of-care detection of low-concentration cancer biomarkers has necessitated the development of innovative nanozyme-based sensing technologies. Here, a smartphone-integrated platform is presented that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) to detect abnormal levels of the prostate cancer marker sarcosine (Sar) in humans. The platform comprises a histidine (His)-modified single-atom cobalt nanozyme (His@Co-NC), a white absorbent sponge for color development, and an AI-powered image acquisition system utilizing Monte Carlo color analysis (MC-CA). The biomimetic coordination of His with single-atom Co significantly enhances its peroxidase-like activity, rendering it 48-fold more active than natural horseradish peroxidase (HRP), with a Michaelis constant (Km) of 0.076 mM, much lower than the 3.7 mM observed for HRP. This enhanced activity results in the generation of more intense colorimetric signals when reacting with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The AI algorithm captures over 1000 sampling RGB points on the color-revealing sponge surface, achieving a color recognition rate of over 95 % within 5 s, ensuring rapid and accurate detection. The integration of nanozyme with AI-driven data acquisition addresses two critical challenges: the limited chromogenic intensity in low-centration biomarker detection and the potential subjectivity in color rendering results. Immobilized on a hierarchically porous sponge, the system achieves a detection limit of 0.28 μM, with less than 5 % signal variation across 20 repeated cycles. This integration of AI and nanozyme-based detection holds significant promise for advancing biosensors that provide precise data output, offering vast potential for widespread applications in the early detection of disease biomarkers and other analytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 117621"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring a CRISPR/Cas12a-powered impedimetric biosensor for amplification-free detection of a pathogenic bacterial DNA","authors":"Dagwin Wachholz Junior ,&nbsp;Rafael Gonçalves Pontes ,&nbsp;Bruna M. Hryniewicz ,&nbsp;Lauro Tatsuo Kubota","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Timely and precise detection of bacterial infections is essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs, especially for sepsis, where delayed diagnosis increases mortality. Traditional culture- and PCR-based methods are time consuming and require complex sample processing, making them unsuitable for rapid diagnostics in resource-limited settings. CRISPR/Cas-based methods, particularly when combined with electrochemical sensing, offer a promising alternative for rapid point-of-care (POC) diagnostics of bacterial infections due to their simplicity and specificity. This study proposes a label-free impedimetric biosensor using the CRISPR/Cas12a system for rapid and amplification-free detection of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> DNA, a primary pathogen responsible for sepsis. By leveraging CRISPR/Cas12a′s target-activated collateral cleavage on non-specific DNA reporters we investigated the impact of using a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence on detection sensitivity and specificity. Our biosensor demonstrated ultra-sensitive detection, with limit of detection as low as 20 aM for dsDNA targets in buffer and without any pre-amplification steps. The study also confirmed CRISPR specificity's dependence on the PAM sequence, showing that mismatches on targeting sequences reduces cleavage efficiency, with a drastic reduction in trans-cleavage activity for single mismatch in PAM-containing sequences. Additionally, we examined how the DNA reporter affects performance, noting reduced cleavage efficiency when a ssDNA target was paired with a dsDNA reporter. Furthermore, validation experiments using human serum samples confirmed the biosensor's accuracy for bacterial DNA detection in clinical settings. This work advances CRISPR-powered electrochemical biosensors, providing a detailed discussion on developing a highly sensitive, fast and amplification-free tool for early detection of sepsis-causing bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 117607"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal sensing platform based on Fe3O4/DEX/PDA@Au(Raman reporters)@Au nanocomposites for sweat biomarkers monitoring","authors":"Zhiqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Cheng ,&nbsp;Yanfei Ren ,&nbsp;Xu Han ,&nbsp;Bin Yu ,&nbsp;Lun Han ,&nbsp;Xianhong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a highly sensitive and non-invasive Fe₃O₄/DEX/PDA@Au(Raman reporters)@Au (FDPA(Raman reporters)A) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and colorimetric dual mode sensor. 5,5′- dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was identified as the optimized Raman reporters in the FDPAA core–shell structures. To quantitative analysis of lactate and glucose captured from human sweat, we utilized magnet to enrich the FDPA(DTNB)A-lactate/glucose composites generated by the reaction. This design leverages the hydrophilic viscose fiber as microfluidic flow to concentrate analytes, substantially improving the detection sensitivity. This sensing platform reached noninvasive monitoring limits for glucose and lactate acid as 5 × 10⁻⁷ M and 10⁻⁶ M in sweat. This sensing platform responses to mutual-interfering, maintaining capacity, and bio-compatibility was estimated, expressing high reliable and precision. This FDPA(DTNB)A dual mode sensing platform shows easily manufacture, and great reliable and sensitivity, exhibiting vital potential for biosensor and medical research. The advancements are expected to encourage real utility of SERS-based sensing platform, hinting vast future application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 117629"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial, sensitive, conformable electronics device by engineered two-dimensional-material-based organic electrochemical transistor","authors":"Ru Zhang ,&nbsp;Md Sohel Rana ,&nbsp;Lin Huang ,&nbsp;Kun Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wearable devices are transforming health diagnostics through continuous, non-invasive monitoring. To enhance detection effectiveness, three aspects are crucial: sufficient sensitivity, antibacterial functionality of the skin biointerface, and mechanical compatibility. This study introduced a conformable wearable device based on two-dimensional-material MBene@AgNWs-doped serpentine organic electronic transistor biosensors (MB-Ag-Ser-OECTs), specifically engineered for antibacterial, non-invasive, and ultrasensitive estradiol detection. First, the MB-Ag-Ser-OECTs exhibit exceptional sensitivity, detecting estradiol levels as low as 0.013 pM, highlighting their potential for ultra-low abundance detection. Second, MBene@AgNWs provide robust antibacterial properties, effectively inhibiting bacterial growth. Third, the incorporation of AgNWs enhances stretchability, while mechanical tests and 3D COMSOL simulations confirm strong resilience against stretching, bending, twisting, and puncturing. Volunteer trials validate wearability and effectiveness in distinguishing estradiol levels across genders. These findings position engineered two-dimensional material-based organic electrochemical transistors as promising platforms for advancing non-invasive, ultrasensitive, and comfortable personalized diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 117632"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerium-based metal–organic framework nanozyme with high oxidase-like activity at neutral pH for discrimination and detection of antioxidants","authors":"Junxue Liu ,&nbsp;Yufei Wang ,&nbsp;Mingqin He ,&nbsp;Yan Gao ,&nbsp;Qinhe Pan ,&nbsp;Jiyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidase-mimicking nanozymes have witnessed extensive applications in biosensing, however, a huge shortcoming is their activity limited by acidic conditions. Herein, a Ce-MOF containing hexanuclear clusters was developed, which exhibited robust oxidase-like activity at neutral pH (0.97 U mg⁻¹) with the extremely high affinity for 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) (K_m: 0.012 mM) and wide temperature adaptability (0–50 °C). Experiment screening and theoretical calculations revealed that the high activity was derived from unsaturated Ce^IV active sites and the redox cycling of unique Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ node. These factors endow Ce-MOF generating more O₂<strong>^•</strong>⁻ species and significantly reducing the energy barrier of the rate-controlling step in the catalytic process. Given the exceptional activity for two chromogenic substrates, a two-channel colorimetric array is constructed to successfully distinguish four antioxidants. The detection was operated within 2 min in ultrapure water at room temperature, showing excellent convenience and efficiency. This study carries significant implications for developing oxidase-mimics with high activity under neutral pH and constructing simple and practical platforms to identify antioxidants in complex samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 117608"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bipolar simultaneously quenching in polarity-switchable photoelectrochemical biosensor for sensing lead ion","authors":"Ying Jiang,&nbsp;Zhiyi Xi,&nbsp;Hanmei Deng,&nbsp;Ruo Yuan,&nbsp;Yali Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of sensitive and accurate analysis method for lead ions (Pb²⁺) detection is crucial and desirable for controlling environmental pollution. In this work, a photoactive CNCBO based polarity-switchable photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor with bipolar simultaneously quenching induced by Rhodamine B (RhB) decorated DNA tree has been proposed for sensing Pb²⁺. Specifically, the g-C₃N₄ sensitized by CuBi₂O₄ was designed to form the desiring photoactive material CNCBO that can generate a high initial cathodic photocurrent, accompanying by the reversed anodic photocurrent occurring with L-Cysteine (L-cys) as a polarity regulator. Afterwards, the incursion of target Pb²⁺ realized the cleavage on the Y-bracket DNA containing two hairpins with specific cleavage site, thereby leading to the in-situ generation of DNA trees for immobilizing massive of signal quenching molecules RhB. Interestingly, the DNA tree with a large spatial resistance caused obstacles to the electron flow while the quencher RhB absorbed photogenerated electrons, which can synergistical action on the photocurrent and thus obtained bipolar simultaneously quenching model with significantly enhanced sensitivity and accuracy, reflecting ultra-low detection limit of 0.05 fM toward Pb²⁺ and superior anti-interference ability in the detection of natural water samples. The present work focuses on environmental monitoring and intended to improve effectiveness and precision of the platform in environmental pollutants sensing via polarity-switchable detection method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 117630"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AgAu@Ag core-shell triangular nanonet jointed with composite SERS enhanced substrate for capturing and sensing urine biomarkers FGFR3 and NMP22","authors":"Hang-Zhuo Li ,&nbsp;Jian Zhu ,&nbsp;Guo-Jun Weng ,&nbsp;Jian-Jun Li ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Jun-Wu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we achieved ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of bladder cancer (BC) urine biomarkers, nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) by preparing gold and silver core-shell triangular nanonets (AgAu@Ag TNNs) with porous triangular mesh structures. The tip effect of the triangular structure of AgAu@Ag TNNs and the plasma coupling of the mesh holes on its surface enabled an enhancement factor (EF) of 1.37 × 10⁸. Moreover, we prepared gold-sprayed silicon wafers (Si@Au) by a simple physical method and covered graphene oxide (GO) on them as SERS substrates (Si@Au@GO). The plasmon coupling effect and chemical enhancement of this substrate improved the EF of AgAu@Ag TNNs to 1.88 × 10⁸. Based on above excellent SERS performance of nanoparticles combined with substrate, we achieved simultaneous quantitative detection of FGFR3 and NMP22 in the range of 100 fg/mL- 10 ng/mL and 100 fg/mL- 100 ng/mL, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 73.36 fg/mL and 21.56 fg/mL, respectively. This ultra-sensitive and specific joint immunosensor provides a reliable detection strategy to assist in the precise localisation of BC clinical staging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 117635"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer films for redox-integrated, reagent-free cortisol detection: The critical role of scan rate","authors":"Grace Dykstra ,&nbsp;Verdict Vera ,&nbsp;Isabel Chapa ,&nbsp;Smitha Rao ,&nbsp;Yixin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymers (eMIPs) represent a versatile platform for electrochemical biosensing, offering tailored specificity, high stability, and cost-effectiveness through direct synthesis on electrodes. This study investigates the fabrication-property-performance relationship of eMIPs for enhanced cortisol biosensing, with a focus on the interplay between scan rate and the number of polymerization cycles during cyclic voltammetry-based electropolymerization. The thickness, density, and morphology of the eMIP films were systematically characterized using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EC-QCM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and profilometry. Lower scan rates (25 mV s⁻¹) produced denser and smoother polymer film compared to higher scan rates (50 mV s⁻¹), highlighting the critical influence of scan rate on polymer properties. The eMIP films fabricated with different parameters were integrated with a Prussian Blue nanoparticles layer on screen-printed carbon electrodes for reagent-free cortisol detection. Square wave voltammetry (SWV) was used to evaluate sensor performance, which demonstrates that lower scan rates (25 mV s⁻¹) combined with increased polymerization cycle counts yielded a denser and thicker film, resulting in enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 26 pM for cortisol. These findings provide valuable insights into the critical role of electropolymerization parameters in tailoring film properties (i.e., thickness and density), enhancing eMIP sensor design, and advancing biosensor technology through precise control of electropolymerization parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 117623"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-pot ready-to-use reagents achieved quadruple-signal amplification for the ultra-sensitive biosensing of Salmonella Typhimurium in foods","authors":"Xingkai Hao ,&nbsp;Yingjia Liu ,&nbsp;Yuhao Wen ,&nbsp;Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Sami Ramadan ,&nbsp;Nana Jin ,&nbsp;Jianhan Lin ,&nbsp;Yibin Ying ,&nbsp;Danyang Li ,&nbsp;Lizhou Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The achievement of both ultra-sensitivity and operational simplicity remains a major challenge in the development of nanozymatic biosensors for foodborne pathogen detection. Here, we report a two-pot, ready-to-use nanozymatic colorimetric biosensor that integrates a cascade-based quadruple signal amplification strategy for the rapid detection of <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium (<em>S</em>.T.) in foods. The biosensor deploys rolling circle amplification (RCA) to generate repetitive aptamer motifs and hybridization sites, which are densely anchored onto generation 6.5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (G6.5) and hybridized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form RCA-G6.5-AuNP nanozymes. This architecture enables the first dual amplification via multivalent target recognition and high-density AuNP loading. Upon recognition of <em>S</em>.T. via magnetic nanoparticle-assisted capture, the nanozymes catalyze glucose oxidation, generating H₂O₂ and gluconic acid which synergistically decompose MnO₂ nanosheets and inhibit 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation. This constitutes the second dual amplification through a catalytic cascade. Collectively, the quadruple amplification yields a 21-fold enhancement in detection sensitivity and a 3569-fold reduction in the detection limit (5 CFU/mL) compared to horseradish peroxidase-based systems. The entire assay is completed within 50 min using a two-pot reaction workflow, eliminating the need for enzymatic labelling, multi-step conjugation, or complex pretreatment and thus dramatically enhancing operational simplicity and reducing contamination risk. The biosensor exhibits a broad dynamic range (10–10⁶ CFU/mL), high specificity, and robust performance in real food samples, with recovery rates of 93.3%–107.3% and RSD &lt; 9.85% in milk and beef. This work offers a sensitive and practical biosensing platform, bridging high-performance detection with real-world usability for food safety monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 117627"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly sensitive CdSe/ZnS quantum dots immunosensor via DNA tetrahedra nanostructure-assembled with multiple hybridization chain reaction","authors":"Huanhuan Xing ,&nbsp;Minglin Lei ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Ruili Wu ,&nbsp;Yanbing Lv ,&nbsp;Huaibin Shen ,&nbsp;Dangdang Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Xing ,&nbsp;Lin Song Li","doi":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bios.2025.117628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum dots (QDs) based fluorescence immunosensor (QD-FLIS) has shown promise in target analysis on account of its superior characteristics. However, conventional QD-FLIS lacks signal amplification strategy for target molecules, resulting in limited fluorescence signal output. Herein, a programmable and high-sensitive DNA tetrahedra nanostructure-assembled with multiple hybridization chain reaction (DTN-mHCR) was designed to achieve the signal amplification of QD-FLIS. HCR served as signal amplified unit and the binding site for QDs signal tag; DTN provided multiple HCR initiations and maintained initiators in extended state, promoting signals generation by enhancing the hybridization dynamics and efficiency of HCR, which was confirmed through theoretical simulations and experimental studies. Upon recognition of the target protein (C-reactive protein, CRP, in this instance), a sandwich immune complex is formed, prompting the binding of DTN-mHCR nanostructures via biotin-streptavidin interaction and nucleic acid tether. This process anchors DNA-functionalized QDs (DNA-QDs) probes, yielding amplified photoluminescence (PL) signals for detection. Under optimized conditions, this DTN-mHCR based QD (DTN-mHCR-QD) immunosensor exhibits a wide linear response to CRP from 0.25 to 100 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 0.069 ng/mL, 31.1-fold lower than QD-based immunosensor (2.148 ng/mL). Furthermore, this immunosensor had competitive detection results in clinical samples. The proposed immunosensor is a multifunctional biosensing platform with universality, providing a new direction for the highly sensitive detection of targets in the sensing field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":259,"journal":{"name":"Biosensors and Bioelectronics","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 117628"},"PeriodicalIF":10.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}