{"title":"Hand Off Issues in 3G UMTS Networks","authors":"T. Mubeen, I. Tasadduq, J. Zubairi","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379906","url":null,"abstract":"Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) is a third generation mobile communication technology based on wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and can facilitate the users in much better way as compared to the second generation of mobile communication. UMTS is superior to second generation in terms of bandwidth efficiency, quality of service, speech quality, speed and capacity. At present, more than 60 countries using WCDMA technology are operating commercially in 25 countries. In this paper, we focus on soft and hard handover issues in UMTS networks. In order to simulate a typical UMTS scenario we use OPNET modeler where a number of users are generating traffic and are free to move in various cells.","PeriodicalId":259890,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123558390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Effect of Mutual Interaction between the Walls for Modelling Radio Propagation in Indoor Environment","authors":"K. Mahmood, G. Rafiq, M. Mughal","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379897","url":null,"abstract":"Study of radio-wave propagation into and through buildings has become important with the increase in the broadband mobile services. Currently ray tracing and ray launching techniques are used for modeling radio transmission but due to unavailability of detailed building databases, it is not possible to take into account all the edges and discontinuities in the buildings. To overcome this limitation a semi-deterministic technique is proposed in which walls and windows/doors in the buildings arc modeled as strips and slits respectively and their distribution is treated statistically. The model so developed takes into account all the edges and discontinuities in the buildings and doesn't rely heavily on the vector database. Simulations for field strength prediction in the vicinity of a room were carried out using the proposed model. The results show that to accurately model the scattering from buildings multiple interactions between the walls (strips) must be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":259890,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131826474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. H. Khalid., S. Z. Shakeel, S. Mansoor, S. Hassan
{"title":"FATCAR-AUV: Fault Tolerant Control Architecture of AUV","authors":"M. H. Khalid., S. Z. Shakeel, S. Mansoor, S. Hassan","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379925","url":null,"abstract":"Due to versatility, compact size, independence and covertness, autonomous underwater vehicles are a highly valuable asset in the underwater battle space. Possible missions for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) range from dedicated and organic mine counter measure (MCM), rapid environmental assessment, and special operations to reconnaissance, surveillance and intelligence. The wide range of possible applications and their partly contradictory nature calls for a complex control architecture, which consequently increases the possibility of components and systems failure, for which fault tolerant architecture is required. In this paper not only the hardware requirements of AUVs are mentioned (section-I) but also the principles of fault tolerant control system (section-II) are extended, keeping in view the diverse and sundry requirement of AUVs. In the end the reliability block diagram (RBD) analysis (section-III) of the proposed architecture is presented which shows extend of fault tolerance incorporated by using this architecture.","PeriodicalId":259890,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125578909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Nonlinear Controller Design for the Inertia Wheel Pendulum","authors":"N. Iqbal, N. Qaiser","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379909","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the stabilization problem of inertial-wheel pendulum, a widely studied nonlinear mechanical system. Inertial wheel pendulum is classical example of a flat underactuated mechanical system. The design of control laws for underactuated mechanical systems are challenging because of their underactuated nature, posing problems in exact feedback linearization. A novel nonlinear controller design for inertial wheel pendulum is presented. The design procedure is simpler and more intuitive than already presented designs. Stability of the controller and advantages over existing energy shaping, backstepping and conventional dynamic surface technique based controllers are analyzed theoretically and verified using numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":259890,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123984758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Robust Dynamic State Feedback Stabilization of Variable Time-Delay Uncertain Systems","authors":"A. A. Khattak, N. Iqbal","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379923","url":null,"abstract":"This note focuses on the robust asymptotic stabilization of linear uncertain dead time systems with state delay using the strategy of dynamic memoryless controller.","PeriodicalId":259890,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117306658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RTLinux based Simulator for Hardware-in-the Loop Simulations","authors":"N. ur Rehman, A. Khan","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379913","url":null,"abstract":"Hardware in the loop (HIL) simulations are being increasingly employed for rapid control prototyping, calibration and validation of the electronic control units. The stringent timing requirements and high development time arc the main challenges in HIL simulation. The strict timing requirements demand a hard real-time operating system which is reliable, robust and deterministic in nature. In this paper, we have presented RTLinux based HIL simulator to perform validation and testing of electronic control unit (ECU) using hardware in the loop simulations on RTLinux, a hard real time extension to standard Linux operating system. The developed prototyper reduces the development time of HIL setups by automatically implementing the code generated by Mathworks' Simulink/Stateflow based models on RTLinux. A graphical user interface is developed with the simulator to aid the designers in analysis, design and testing of embedded control units. To show the implementation and results of the proposed scheme, a HIL simulator is developed for automatic transmission control (ATC) of the car on RTLinux.","PeriodicalId":259890,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126814209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Relationships Between Weierstrass-Erdmannn Corner Condition, Snell's Law and the Hybrid Minimum Principle","authors":"M. S. Shaikh, P. Caines","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379919","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few years various classes of optimal control problems for hybrid systems, with continuous and discrete states and dynamics, have been formalized. In particular, generalizing the standard minimum principle (MP), Sussmann |1| and Riedinger et al. |2|, among other authors, have given versions of the hybrid minimum principle (HMP). In this paper first we show how the Weierstrass-Erdmann corner conditions of calculus of variations |3| can be recovered from the hybrid maximum principle (HMP) and then we show how a classical result in Physics, namely Snell's law, can be obtained from HMP.","PeriodicalId":259890,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125385524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated Design of Mechatronic Systems using Bond-Graph Modeling and Simulation and Genetic Programming","authors":"S. Kayani, M. Afaalalik","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379917","url":null,"abstract":"All modern dynamic engineering systems can be characterized as mechatronic systems. The multi-domain nature of a mechatronic system makes it difficult to model using a single modeling technique over the whole system as varying sets of system variables are required. Bond-Graphs offer an advanced object oriented modeling and simulation technique. They are domain independent allowing straight forward and efficient model composition, classification and analysis. Bond-Graph model of the mechatronic system can be directly simulated on a digital computer using simulation softwares like 20-Sim and Modelica graphically or manipulated mathematically to yield state equations using a simplified set of power and energy variables. The simulation scheme can be augmented to synthesize designs for mechatronic systems using genetic programming as a tool for open ended search. This research paper presents results of experiments conducted to combine Bond-Graph modeling and simulation with genetic programming. A comprehensive review of the methodology is also included and the results are compared using different simulation softwares and conclusions drawn by research groups working on mechatronic systems and genetic programming internationally.","PeriodicalId":259890,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121018492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bond Graph Modeling and Simulation of Impact Dynamics of a Car Crash","authors":"A. Khurshid, M. Malik","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379910","url":null,"abstract":"The crashworthiness of an automobile and the survivability of its passengers in road accidents are of paramount importance to the automobile industry. Thus the designers in making automobiles have focused increased attention on designing a car, which provides greater protection for the drivers and the passengers in case of an accident. Before a new model is launched into the market, a complete collision analysis is carried out to check the damage reduction capabilities and impact protection of vehicles in case of an accident. The use of crash dummies, computer simulation and crash analysis of automobiles has enhanced the protection and safety features of automobiles. This research paper applies the techniques of bond graph theory to the analysis of an automobile-crash. The dynamic system is first converted into a bond graph. This bond graph represents a precise mathematical model of the dynamic system. The bond graph is then converted into the representative state-space equations. Both these steps are carried out in an automated computer program. This research work aims at an optimum design through parametric studies to evolve a safe design of an automobile to increase the chances of survivability of its passengers under crash conditions.","PeriodicalId":259890,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology","volume":"4 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116195335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Implementation of Pulse Compression Technique for X-band Radar","authors":"S. Qadir, J. Kayani, S. Malik","doi":"10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IBCAST.2007.4379904","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of conventional pulsed radars is limited by its \"time-bandwidth\" product. In order to get high range resolution, a narrow pulse is required to be transmitted. However, this reduces the average transmit power resulting into shorter detection range. To mitigate this limitation of \"time-bandwidth\" problem, pulse compression technique is used. Pulse compression technique can be broadly classified as, FM chirp and phase coded. In FM chirp method, a longer duration frequency modulated pulse is transmitted, and on the receiver side matched filter is used to compress the echo signal. This also resolves the targets which may have overlapping returns. Earlier implementation of pulse compression was done using analog circuitry, which has its own limitations. With the availability of high speed digital equipment, it is now possible to implement it in digital domain. This paper presents a digital implementation of LFM pulse compression technique in X-band. Here, we used an arbitrary waveform generator to generate LFM pulse (chirp) at lower frequency band, which is up-converted to X-band by mixing with a carrier of 9.375 GHz for transmission. On receiver side, after translation to lower frequency band, data is acquired by analog to digital converter card and pulse compression algorithm was implemented in computer using MATLAB tool. Various tests were performed to verify pulse compression technique.","PeriodicalId":259890,"journal":{"name":"2007 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122737450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}