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Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.最新文献

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Fine Control and Selection of Travelling Waves in Inorganic Pattern Forming Reactions 无机图案形成反应行波的精细控制与选择
Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/jnmc.2009070103
B. P. J. D. L. Costello, James P. K. Armstrong, I. Jahan, N.M Ratcliffe
{"title":"Fine Control and Selection of Travelling Waves in Inorganic Pattern Forming Reactions","authors":"B. P. J. D. L. Costello, James P. K. Armstrong, I. Jahan, N.M Ratcliffe","doi":"10.4018/jnmc.2009070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009070103","url":null,"abstract":"Under normal reaction conditions [AlCl3 0.28-0.34M and NaOH 2.5M A.Volford et al.] spontaneous spiral and circular travelling precipitate waves were observed. We constructed a phase diagram for the reaction and identified a large controllable region at lower aluminum chloride levels. We show that it is possible to selectively initiate travelling circular waves and other self-organized structures within this controllable region. In previous work initiation was undertaken before adding the outer electrolyte resulting in disorganized waves. However, marking the gel one minute after adding outer electrolyte resulted in cardioid waves. Increasing the time interval to two minutes caused a transition to single circular waves. If the gel is marked sequentially nested circular waves (target waves) are formed. These reactions were used to calculate simple and additively weighted Voronoi tessellations. The fine control of self-organization in precipitation reactions is of interest for the synthesis of novel and functional materials.","PeriodicalId":259233,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127814286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Simple Collision-Based Chemical Logic Gates with Adaptive Computing 基于自适应计算的简单碰撞化学逻辑门
Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/jnmc.2009070101
R. Toth, Christopher Stone, B. D. L. Costello, A. Adamatzky, L. Bull
{"title":"Simple Collision-Based Chemical Logic Gates with Adaptive Computing","authors":"R. Toth, Christopher Stone, B. D. L. Costello, A. Adamatzky, L. Bull","doi":"10.4018/jnmc.2009070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009070101","url":null,"abstract":"We present a method that is capable of implementing information transfer without any rigidly controlled architecture using the light-sensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction system. Chemical wave fragments are injected into a subexcitable area and their collisions result in annihilation, fusion or quasi-elastic interactions depending on their initial positions. The fragments of excitation both pre and post collision possess a considerable freedom of movement when compared to previous implementations of information transfer in chemical systems. We propose that the collision of such wave fragments can be controlled automatically through adaptive computing. By extension, forms of unconventional computing, i.e., massively parallel non-linear computers, can be realised by such an approach. In this study we present initial results from using a simple evolutionary algorithm to design Boolean logic gates within the BZ system. [Article copies are available for purchase from InfoSci-on-Demand.com]","PeriodicalId":259233,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130473575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
Towards Arithmetical Chips in Sub-Excitable Media: Cellular Automaton Models 面向次激动介质中的算术芯片:元胞自动机模型
Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.4018/jnmc.2009070105
L. Zhang, A. Adamatzky
{"title":"Towards Arithmetical Chips in Sub-Excitable Media: Cellular Automaton Models","authors":"L. Zhang, A. Adamatzky","doi":"10.4018/jnmc.2009070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009070105","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss a theoretical design of an arithmetical chip built on an excitable medium substrate. The chip is simulated in a two-dimensional three-state cellular automaton with eight-cell neighborhoods. Every resting cell is excited if it has exactly two excited neighbors, the excited cells takes refractory state unconditionally. A transition from refractory back to resting state also happens irrelevantly to a state of the cell neigh borhood. The design is based on principles of collision-based computing. Boolean logic values are encoded by traveling localizations, or particles. Logical gates are realized in collisions between the particles. Detailed blue prints of collision-based adders and multipliers presented in the article pave the way to future laboratory experimental prototypes of general-purpose chemical computers. [Article copies are available for purchase from InfoSci-on-Demand.com]","PeriodicalId":259233,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124548515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Single-Electron Devices and Circuits Utilizing Stochastic Operation for Intelligent Information Processing 利用随机运算进行智能信息处理的单电子器件和电路
Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/jnmc.2009040101
T. Morie
{"title":"Single-Electron Devices and Circuits Utilizing Stochastic Operation for Intelligent Information Processing","authors":"T. Morie","doi":"10.4018/jnmc.2009040101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009040101","url":null,"abstract":"The single-electron circuit technology should aim at developing information processing systems using the intrinsic properties of single-electron devices. The operation principles of single-electron devices are completely different from that of conventional CMOS devices, but both devices should co-exist in the information processing systems. In this paper, according to a scenario for achieving large-scale integrated systems of single-electron devices, some single-electron devices and circuits utilizing stochastic operation for associative processing and a spiking neuron model are described. [Article copies are available for purchase from InfoSci-on-Demand.com]","PeriodicalId":259233,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124082215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
On the Reliability of Post-CMOS and SET Systems 后cmos与SET系统的可靠性研究
Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/jnmc.2009040103
M. Stanisavljevic, A. Schmid, Y. Leblebici
{"title":"On the Reliability of Post-CMOS and SET Systems","authors":"M. Stanisavljevic, A. Schmid, Y. Leblebici","doi":"10.4018/jnmc.2009040103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009040103","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of applying fault-tolerant techniques to increase the reliability of future nano-electronic systems is an undisputed fact, dictated by the high density of faults that will plague these chips. The averaging and thresholding fault-tolerant technique that has proven remarkable efficiency in CMOS is presented for SET-based designs. Computer simulations demonstrate the superiority of this fault-tolerant technique over other methods, which is specifically the case when an adaptable threshold is used.","PeriodicalId":259233,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115295571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Investigation on Stochastic Resonance in Quantum Dot and Its Summing Network 量子点随机共振及其求和网络的研究
Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/jnmc.2009040105
S. Kasai
{"title":"Investigation on Stochastic Resonance in Quantum Dot and Its Summing Network","authors":"S. Kasai","doi":"10.4018/jnmc.2009040105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009040105","url":null,"abstract":"Stochastic resonance behavior of single electrons in a quantum dot and its summing network is investigated theoretically. Dynamic behavior of the single electron in the system at finite temperature is analyzed using a master equation with a tunneling transition rate. The analytical model indicates that an input-output correlation has a peak as a function of temperature, which confirms the appearance of the stochastic resonance. The peak position and height depend on charging energy, tunnel resistance, and input signal frequency. It is also found that the correlation is enhanced by formation of a summing network integrating quantum dots in parallel. The present model quantitatively explains the stochastic resonance behaviors of the single electrons predicted by a circuit simulation (Oya, Asai, & Amemiya, 2007). [Article copies are available for purchase from InfoSci-on-Demand.com]","PeriodicalId":259233,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131134240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Application of Single Electron Devices Utilizing Stochastic Dynamics 随机动力学在单电子器件中的应用
Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/jnmc.2009040102
S. Sato, K. Nakajima
{"title":"Application of Single Electron Devices Utilizing Stochastic Dynamics","authors":"S. Sato, K. Nakajima","doi":"10.4018/jnmc.2009040102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009040102","url":null,"abstract":"Single electron devices utilizing the Coulomb blockade phenomenon have attractive features such as extreme low power consumption, one by one electron flow controllability, small device size, etc. However, besides promising applications such as the current standard and charge detection, it is not easy to apply the single electron devices to conventional computational tasks due to its stochastic operation and low amplification capability. Therefore, it is important for us to consider suitable applications of single electron devices. In this paper, we show three applications such as a noise generator, a stochastic neural network, and a charge detector employing stochastic resonance. Trough these applications, we see the advantages of single electron devices and study the direction of applications. [Article copies are available for purchase from InfoSci-on-Demand.com]","PeriodicalId":259233,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122751059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
A Neuromorphic Single-Electron Circuit for Noise-Shaping Pulse-Density Modulation 用于噪声整形脉冲密度调制的神经形态单电子电路
Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput. Pub Date : 2009-04-01 DOI: 10.4018/jnmc.2009040106
A. K. Kikombo, T. Asai, T. Oya, A. Schmid, Y. Leblebici
{"title":"A Neuromorphic Single-Electron Circuit for Noise-Shaping Pulse-Density Modulation","authors":"A. K. Kikombo, T. Asai, T. Oya, A. Schmid, Y. Leblebici","doi":"10.4018/jnmc.2009040106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009040106","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a bio-inspired circuit performing pulse-density modulation with single-electron devices. The proposed circuit consists of three single-electron neuronal units, receiving the same input and are connected to a common output. The output is inhibitorily fedback to the three neuronal circuits through a capacitive coupling. The circuit performance was evaluated through Monte-Carlo based computer simulations. We demonstrated that the proposed circuit possesses noise-shaping characteristics, where signal and noises are separated into low and high frequency bands respectively. This significantly improved the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) by 4.34 dB in the coupled network, as compared to the uncoupled one. The noise-shaping properties are as a result of i) the inhibitory feedback between the output and the neuronal circuits, and ii) static noises (originating from device fabrication mismatches) and dynamic noises (as a result of thermally induced random tunneling events) introduced into the network. [Article copies are available for purchase from InfoSci-on-Demand.com]","PeriodicalId":259233,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.","volume":"8 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123658129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Architecture of a Massively Parallel Processing Nano-Brain Operating 100 Billion Molecular Neurons Simultaneously 同时操作1000亿个分子神经元的大规模并行处理纳米大脑结构
Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput. Pub Date : 2008-07-08 DOI: 10.4018/jnmc.2009010104
A. Bandyopadhyay, D. Fujita, R. Pati
{"title":"Architecture of a Massively Parallel Processing Nano-Brain Operating 100 Billion Molecular Neurons Simultaneously","authors":"A. Bandyopadhyay, D. Fujita, R. Pati","doi":"10.4018/jnmc.2009010104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009010104","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular machines (MM, Badjic, 2004; Collier, 2000; Jian & Tour, 2003; Koumura & Ferringa, 1999; Ding & Seeman 2006) may resolve three distinct bottlenecks of scientific advancement. Nanofactories (Phoenix, 2003) composed of MM may produce atomically perfect products spending negligible amount of energy (Hess, 2004) thus alleviating the energy crisis. Computers made by MM operating thousands of bits at a time may match biological processors mimicking creativity and intelligence (Hall, 2007), thus far considered as the prerogative of nature. Stateof-the-art brain surgeries are not yet fatal-less, MMs guided by a nano-brain may execute perfect bloodless surgery (Freitas, 2005). Even though all three bottlenecks converge to a single necessity of nano-brain, futurists and molecular engineers have remained silent on this issue. Our recent invention of 16 bit parallel processor is a first step in this direction (Bandyopadhyay, 2008). However, the device operates inside ultra-high vacuum chamber. For practical application, one needs to design a 3 D standalone architecture. Here, we identify the minimum nano-brain functions for practical applications and try to increase the size from 2 nm to 20 μm. To realize this, three major changes are made. First, central control unit (CCU) and external execution units (EU) are modified so that they process information independently,","PeriodicalId":259233,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114950658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
DNA Hash Pooling and its Applications DNA散列池及其应用
Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput. Pub Date : 2007-05-24 DOI: 10.4018/jnmc.2009010102
D. Shasha, M. Amos
{"title":"DNA Hash Pooling and its Applications","authors":"D. Shasha, M. Amos","doi":"10.4018/jnmc.2009010102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jnmc.2009010102","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we describe a new technique for the comparison of populations of DNA strands. Comparison is vital to the study of ecological systems, at both the micro and macro scales. Existing methods make use of DNA sequencing and cloning, which can prove costly and time consuming, even with current sequencing techniques. Our overall objective is to address issues such as whole genome detection, fragment detection and sample similarity. Because our method is similar in spirit to hashing in computer science, we call it DNA hash pooling. To illustrate this method, we describe protocols using pairs of restriction enzymes. The in silico empirical results we present reflect a sensitivity to experimental error. Our method, performed as a filtering step prior to sequencing, may reduce the amount of sequencing required (generally by a factor of 10 or more). Even as sequencing becomes cheaper, an order of magnitude remains important.","PeriodicalId":259233,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. Nanotechnol. Mol. Comput.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130977500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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