Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)最新文献

{"title":"An automatic classification method for mapping Martian landforms","authors":"Qin Lu, Sicong Liu, X. Tong, Shijie Liu, Huan Xie, Yanmin Jin","doi":"10.1117/12.2664529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2664529","url":null,"abstract":"The physiographic map can visualize spatial relations between different landforms, thus providing insights into geologic processes that shaped the present-day Martian landscape. The physiographic map of Mars surface is usually made through image interpretation, which is always labor-intensive and highly depends on the expert knowledge. In this paper, we propose an efficient and automatic classification method for characterization of landforms on Mars by using the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) digital elevation data. The proposed method was tested on a region where China's Mars probe Tianwen-1 landed. The study area covers the Nepenthes Mensae, Amenthes Planum, northern Terra Cimmeria, northern Hesperia Planum and southern Utopia Planitia region, having a size of 2250km×2750km centered at 117°E, 6°N. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in describing different topographic characteristics of the Martian landforms. Note that the proposed method is completely data-driven, which can provide a rapid mapping result in large geographical regions, especially from a global perspective to reveal the Martian landform information.","PeriodicalId":258680,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134634998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of rice freshness based on a modified VGG network and terahertz imaging","authors":"Qian Wang, Yuan Zhang, Hongyi Ge, Yuying Jiang, Yifei Qin","doi":"10.1117/12.2665257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665257","url":null,"abstract":"The freshness of rice reflects the time that has elapsed since it was harvested and the extent of deterioration in the quality of the rice that has occurred during storage. Therefore, it is crucial to detect the freshness of rice samples; here, we undertake that task using terahertz images and a modified VGG network. Terahertz imaging is non-destructive, permits molecular fingerprinting, and is low in energy consumption. Terahertz imaging technology uses terahertz rays to irradiate the sample and obtains a terahertz image of the sample by processing and analyzing the transmission and reflection spectra of the sample. Terahertz imaging technology has been widely used in applications related to material identification, medical diagnoses, quality detection of agricultural products, and safety inspections. In this paper, terahertz images of rice stored for various lengths of time were analyzed using a terahertz imaging system. Due to a large amount of data and inconspicuous features of the terahertz image, the traditional 1D-VGG network is relatively insufficient in computing power. Thus, it is not well suited to the extraction of features from within the images. To resolve this issue, the Inception-ResNet-A asymmetric convolution module in the Inception-ResNet-V2 network has great computing power,which is introduced into the VGG19 network structure. This proposed network is found to increase identification accuracy up to 99.8%. This work indicates that terahertz images combined with the modified 1D-VGG network represent an efficient and practical method for identifying rice freshness; this work thus has great potential for use as a tool for ensuring food quality and safety.","PeriodicalId":258680,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130066608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terahertz detection module based on antenna-coupled AlGaN/GaN HEMTs","authors":"Y. F. Zhu, Q. Ding, J. F. Zhang, Y. Shangguan, L. Xiang, J. D. Sun, H. Qin","doi":"10.1117/12.2664533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2664533","url":null,"abstract":"To accommodate variable terahertz application situations, a compact, high-sensitivity and room-temperature terahertz detection module is designed and demonstrated. The detection module with a volume of less than 350 cm3 integrates a quasi-optically coupled terahertz detector, complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor-based (CMOS-based) voltage amplifier circuit and bias circuit. An antenna-coupled AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) are designed to detect terahertz waves by using self-mixing mechanism. The electrical signal from the detector chip is amplified by a voltage amplifier circuit. The amplifier circuit’s voltage gain can be adjusted from 100 to 700 to accommodate different requirements. The bias circuit provides bias voltage to the gate of the detector. Ability to detect both continuous and pulsed terahertz waves by the module is demonstrated. Under a coherent continuous terahertz irradiation from 0.73 to 1.13 THz, an average noise-equivalent power (NEP) of 23.6 pW/ √ Hz, a maximum optical responsivity of 1281 V/W (w/o Gain) and a minimum NEP of 15.3 pW/ √ Hz are achieved. Under a 4.3 THz pulsed radiation from quantum cascade laser (QCL), the module has a peak optical responsivity of 26 V/W (with Gain = 700) and a NEP of 567 nW/ √ Hz. The rise time of the output signal is 1.14 μs and the fall time is 0.78 μs when the module is operated at a maximum amplification gain of 700 and 6 kHz modulation frequency. To further enhance the sensitivity of the detection module, the design of the detector and the noise of the circuit need to be considered.","PeriodicalId":258680,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)","volume":"12505 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129540867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement system and method of millimeter wave active pulse radar pattern","authors":"玉丰 马, W. Li","doi":"10.1117/12.2664914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2664914","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a measurement system and method of millimeter-wave active pulse radar pattern, which is suitable for the pattern test of small-sized active pulse radar. The measurement system is installed in a small-sized wave-absorbing black box, including positioner, spectrum analyzer, power meter, network analyzer and oscilloscope. LabVIEW virtual instrument programming control technology is used to develop an active pulse radar antenna testing system. Through programming design, millimeter-wave instrument control, the construction and integration of the measurement system are completed, and the actual radar pattern measurement is verified.","PeriodicalId":258680,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126033450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on distribution characteristics of underground space alteration information of drill core using hyperspectral technology","authors":"Shuneng Liang, C. Xiao, Jiaheng Zhang, Xinglin Mou, Baikun Yan","doi":"10.1117/12.2666474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2666474","url":null,"abstract":"Alteration information is an important prospecting element in the exploration of deep earth resources. Hyperspectral technology has unique advantages in fine detection and inversion of altered mineral information. Drill core spectral scanning based on hyperspectral technology can identify mineral information in cores nondestructively, rapidly and in batches, which provides an effective means for revealing deep alteration information and its distribution characteristics. In this paper, we use this technology to study the alteration types and combination characteristics of the underground space of the typical deposit in the Kalatag ore collection area, as well as the distribution characteristics of the three-dimensional space of alteration information, and obtain the alteration mineral types and their relative content cataloguing curves of the 10,000 meter drilled cores in different exploration lines. The drill core in the mining area can be divided into three main alteration zones from the shallow part to the deep part, combined with the analysis of the geological core catalogue data. The upper zone is dominated by iron oxide, gypsum and aluminum-sericite. The middle zone is mainly composed of medium aluminum sericite, chlorite, and montmorillonite, with a small amount of high aluminum sericite and iron oxide compounds. In the lower zone, the altered minerals are dominated by high-alumina sericite and chlorite, with a small amount of medium-aluminum sericite and carbonate, as well as sericite and chlorite show obvious negative correlation. There are significantly different types of altered minerals, mineral assemblage characteristics and alteration scale in each alteration zone and between the zones, which reflects that the mineral generation environment has obvious differences with the change of drilling depth. Comprehensive research based on the differences of mineral formation environments can provide important support for deep exploration of underground alteration spatial characteristics, redox zoning, inversion of hydrothermal fluid characteristics and comprehensive analysis of metallogenic environments.","PeriodicalId":258680,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131714232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of bendable low-loss terahertz hollow waveguides based on plastic tubes","authors":"Sheng Liu, Guoxing Xie, Shuoying Yu, Xuehui Lu, C. Jing, Junhao Chu","doi":"10.1117/12.2665428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665428","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of terahertz (THz) science and technology, THz transmission has attracted widespread attention. Compared with wireless transmission in free space, THz wave can achieve bending, low-loss and stable propagation in the waveguide. Several types of THz waveguides have been reported. Among them, THz hollow waveguide (HWG) possesses the advantages such as simple structure, easy preparation and low cost. Recently, bendable and low-loss plastic THz HWGs has made progress in our group. This paper gives a review of the research progress in the field of the THz HWGs based on plastic tubing materials, including polymer tube waveguide, metal-coated polymer HWG and metal/dielectric polymer HWG. Problems existing in the plastic HWGs, and key points of future research work were discussed with consideration of some issues aroused in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":258680,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131875606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband photovoltaic detector based on SnTe/Si heterostructure","authors":"Liyuan Song, L. Tang, Qun Hao, Chunli Yang, K. Teng, Haipeng Wang, Junbin Li","doi":"10.1117/12.2665266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665266","url":null,"abstract":"SnTe is a new two-dimensional (2D) material, which has many merits, such as the bandgap of SnTe film can be adjusted by changing the film thickness hence its photoelectric properties can be regulated. SnTe belongs to topological crystal insulator (TCI) and has gapless topological surface states as well as exhibiting high carrier mobility at room temperature. SnTe has a narrow band gap and has potential for wavelength extension in the development of novel infrared photodetectors. Si is a traditional semiconductor material and has been widely used in the preparation of various semiconductor devices due to its numerous merits, such as low-cost and well-established preparation methodology. However, the detection wavelength of Si photoelectric detector is limited by its relatively large bandgap (1.12 eV). Recently, some progress has been made in fabricating photovoltaic detectors consisting of new 2D materials and Si. In this study, an efficient and low-cost magnetron sputtering method was used to prepare SnTe nanofilm on Si substrate. A photovoltaic detector based on the vertical heterostructure of SnTe/Si was fabricated using Al as electrode material. J-V characterization of the SnTe/Si heterostructure showed that the device exhibited good diode and photovoltaic characteristics under the illumination of various LED light sources with wavelength between 400 and 1450 nm, and its photocurrent was larger than the dark current. Moreover, under 850 nm illumination, the SnTe/Si device has a high responsivity (R) of 260 mA/W and detectivity (D*) of 3.36×1010 cmHz1/2W-1. Therefore, the device demonstrated potential application in the field of broadband photoelectric detection.","PeriodicalId":258680,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128028505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buried heterostructure terahertz quantum cascade lasers for epilayer-down mounting with high continuous-wave power","authors":"Yu Ma, Weijiang Li, Yun-fei Xu, Jun-qi Liu, N. Zhuo, Ke Yang, Jinchuan Zhang, S. Zhai, Shuman Liu, Lijun Wang, Feng-qi Liu","doi":"10.1117/12.2665324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665324","url":null,"abstract":"We have made improvements for QCL in the thermal management to produce high output power. Unlike the previous literature, we use epilayer-down mounting and buried heterostructures to achieve high output power by improving the heat dissipation and reducing the thermal resistance. At 20 K, the continuous wave threshold current density is 110 A·cm-2 and the maximum current density is 210 A·cm−2. The maximum output power is about 250 mW at single facet. The central frequency is approximately ∼4 THz, which matches the energy band design. The thermal simulation shows that, compared with the traditional device, the heat removal performance of the optimized device is significantly improved, and the core temperature is reduced by about 20 K. It improves the heat extraction through epilayer-down mounting and buried heterostructures and leads also to significant lateral heat fluxes. The ways can facilitate the heat extraction in all in-plane directions. In conclusion, this method is beneficial to the development of high continuous wave power, especially for thick active region design. The demonstration of buried heterostructure terahertz quantum cascade lasers for epilayer-down mounting can promote the development of high-power terahertz source in continuous wave.","PeriodicalId":258680,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130415480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-uniformity correction of infrared image for wide field with camera radiation constraint","authors":"Feifei Xu, Xiaoxian Huang, Ying Zhou, Yutian Fu","doi":"10.1117/12.2664751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2664751","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared focal plane linear array detector is the core element to achieve high spatial resolution and high radiometric resolution infrared imaging. Due to the difference of detector response rate caused by non-uniform materials and the high sensitivity of camera to background signal changes, the complex non-uniformity of the image is eventually caused. In order to identify targets effectively and quickly, real-time non-uniformity correction must be performed on infrared camera images. The most commonly used method is to obtain the correction coefficients of each pixel based on variable temperature blackbody calibration before each image. However, it is difficult and costly to design full-aperture calibration blackbody for infrared camera with wide field of view and high resolution, and the feasibility is not high. In order to correct the non-uniformity of the acquired image, this paper proposes a non-uniformity correction algorithm for single-scene infrared image based on finite constraints. According to the principle that the pixel response rate is basically unchanged, the algorithm establishes a constraint relationship between the response rate of each probe element obtained by laboratory calibration and the response rate of the central standard pixel to iteratively screen the samples involved in the correction coefficient calculation, so as to realize the non-uniformity correction of the image. The proposed algorithm was verified by using the location imaging data of the medium-wave infrared camera. The non-uniformity of local uniform image was 44.1% before correction, and decreased to 4.4% after correction, while the uniformity of conventional scene correction was 13.5% after correction. Therefore, the non-uniformity of the proposed algorithm is reduced by 9.13% compared with the conventional scene correction method. The algorithm successfully breaks through the design limitations of no star calibration device of the wide-field high-resolution infrared camera, improves the target recognition efficiency of infrared image, and is conducive to implement in engineer. In addition, it only takes about 1min to correct an image of 30000 pixel *30000 lines by testing.","PeriodicalId":258680,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121070841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HB-YOLOv5: improved YOLOv5 based on hybrid backbone for infrared small target detection on complex backgrounds","authors":"Xinyi Ye, Sili Gao, Fanming Li","doi":"10.1117/12.2664934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2664934","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared detecting and tracking system plays an important role in national security. In order to leave enough time to intercept the unknown flying objects, the system needs to” observe” and” report” the objects as early as possible. Due to the long distance and complex background, it is hard to find and locate the small and dim targets. To tackle this difficult task, we propose a hybrid feature extraction network, taking advantages of both convolution and self-attention mechanism. Besides, we use the two-dimension Gaussian distribution to represent the bounding-box, which is convenient to measure the distance between the predicted result and the ground truth comparing to the Intersection over Union measurements. Finally, we also apply multiple data augmentation and training techniques to upgrade the detection performance. To verify effectiveness and efficiency of our method for infrared small target detection, we conduct extensive experiments on a public infrared small target dataset. The experimental results show that the model trained by our method has a significant improvement in detection accuracy and speed compared with other data-based target detection algorithms, with the average precision reaching more than 92%. The proposed method can effectively detect infrared dim-small targets in different complex backgrounds with low false alarm rate and missing alarm rate. It can also achieve outstanding performance in general small object datasets, verifying the effectiveness and robustness of our method.","PeriodicalId":258680,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space From Infrared to Terahertz (ESIT 2022)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125042553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}