The International journal of social psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"A descriptive study of welfare and mental health issues among health-related sciences undergraduate students at the Medical University of Gdansk.","authors":"Paweł K Korolkiewicz,&nbsp;Paulina Skrzypkowska,&nbsp;Shan Ali,&nbsp;Jakub Grabowski","doi":"10.1177/00207640211068982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211068982","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose and methods: </strong>We surveyed a large sample of health-related sciences undergraduate students at the Medical University of Gdańsk (MUG), Poland in a pilot study to assess self-reported somatic/mental health-related issues, measure the level of burnout using Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), the presence of depressive symptoms with Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9) and assess the problematic alcohol intake (CAGE questionnaire). Additionally, stress coping mechanisms were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 864 students participated in the survey. The mean total OLBI and PHQ-9 scores equalled 43.3 ± 2.7 and 11.3±5.8 points, respectively. The CAGE questionnaire was positive in 21.6% of students. Three most prevalent stress coping mechanisms included TV binge-watching, binge-eating and cigarette chain smoking (51.0%, 45.0% and 28.0% respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future studies are required to confirm the obtained results, assess, and monitor trends and set-up interventions to improve the welfare of health-related science MUG students.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1184-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39652105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical students' evaluation of a suicide prevention multimedia resource: A focus group study.","authors":"Lillian Ng,&nbsp;Ashwini Datt,&nbsp;Fiona Moir,&nbsp;Hineroa Hakiaha,&nbsp;Anne O'Callaghan,&nbsp;Debra Lampshire,&nbsp;Geraldine Tennant,&nbsp;Jessica Henry,&nbsp;Andy Wearn","doi":"10.1177/00207640221113751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640221113751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>A series of podcasts and videos was created to assist medical students with learning about suicide prevention. The aim of this research was to explore medical students experiences of using a suicide prevention learning resource.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multimedia repository of learning resources for suicide prevention was designed and created for use across all years of the medical programme at The University of Auckland. Emphasis was placed on ensuring that the resource was culturally safe. The impact of the learning resource was evaluated with a qualitative approach using focus group methodology. Two focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and a thematic analysis was conducted employing three cycles of coding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three themes were identified: perceiving that suicide is complex and sensitive; tailoring knowledge to match students' developmental stage and context; and elements that facilitated interaction with the resource.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Suicide is unsurprisingly a challenging topic for medical students. The students in this study actively engaged with this resource on suicide prevention, which supplemented their core learning of the topic. Early access to resources developed in a culturally safe way within a spiral curriculum empowers students to understand that they have an important contribution to make in preventing suicide. This may prepare them for encountering suicide with peers, family members and in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1238-1247"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40563787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health and wellbeing among Iranian medical students: a descriptive study.","authors":"Agaah Ashrafi,&nbsp;Murtaza Kadhum,&nbsp;Andrew Molodynski,&nbsp;Dinesh Bhugra","doi":"10.1177/00207640211047880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211047880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The psychological wellbeing and stresses on medical students are currently under a global spotlight. Under a wider initiative supported by the British Medical Association (BMA), international surveys have been conducted to understand and begin to tackle these issues.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study aimed at describing the mental wellbeing and levels of burnout of Iranian medical students. A total of 179 medical students from 19 different cities participated voluntarily in the survey by answering an online questionnaire between April and August 2020. We detected a trend toward higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders (namely depressive disorders) and substance misuse when compared to previous national studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 6% of students screened positive for alcohol problems with the CAGE questionnaire. About 77% of medical students screened positive for mental health problems with the GHQ12 questionnaire. Very high rates of burnout were also reported. These findings emphasize the urgent need to define methods to screen at risk medical students and implement local and national initiatives to curtain their potential detrimental effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1248-1252"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39442333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wellbeing and mental health amongst medical students in Canada.","authors":"Thomas Christopher Wilkes,&nbsp;Thomas Lewis,&nbsp;Mike Paget,&nbsp;Johanna Holm,&nbsp;Nancy Brager,&nbsp;Andy Bulloch,&nbsp;Frank Macmaster,&nbsp;Andrew Molodynski,&nbsp;Dinesh Bhugra","doi":"10.1177/00207640211057724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211057724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Research: </strong>There is abundant data revealing that there is significant rate of rates of Psychiatric morbidity, psychological stress, and burnout in the medical student population. A core study group in the UK collaborated with 12 countries around the world to review medical student wellness. In this context we surveyed 101 medical students at the Cummings medical school, Calgary, Canada during the height of the COVID pandemic regarding their wellbeing and mental health.</p><p><strong>Results/main findings: </strong>Prior to medical school 27% reported a diagnosis with a mental disorder. Whilst at medical school 21% reported a mental health condition, most commonly an anxiety disorder and or depressive disorder. The most commonly reported source of stress was study at 81%, the second being relationships at 62%, money stress was a significant source of stress for 35%, and finally 10% reported accommodation or housing as stressful. Interestingly only 14% tested CAGE positive but 20% of students reported having taken a non-prescription substance to feel better or regulate their mood. Seventy-five percent of medical students met specific case criteria for exhaustion on the Oldenburg Burnout inventory 74% met criteria for the GHQ questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings confirm that medical students are facing significant stressors during their training. These stressors include, in order of frequency, study, relational, financial, and accommodation issues. Nonprescription Substance use was a common finding as well as exhaustion and psychiatric morbidity. Future interventions pursued will have to address cultural issues as well as the organizational and individual determinates of stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1283-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9465500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39902000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A descriptive study of mental health and burnout among Nigerian medical students.","authors":"Olatunde Olayinka Ayinde,&nbsp;Eniola Racheal Akinnuoye,&nbsp;Andrew Molodynski,&nbsp;Oliver Battrick,&nbsp;Oye Gureje","doi":"10.1177/00207640211057706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211057706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increasing attention is being paid to medical students' mental wellbeing globally due in part to their exposure to stressors inherent in medical education and the numerous reports of elevated rates of mental health conditions in this population.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to identify stressors and determine prevalence rates of psychiatric morbidity, substance use and burnout in a sample of Nigerian medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional online survey, 505 medical students from 25 Nigerian medical schools completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, short version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the CAGE questionnaire and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The most commonly reported sources of stress were study (75.6%), money (52.3%) and relationships (30.1%). Nine students (1.8%) had received a mental health diagnosis prior to medical school but this number had increased to 29 (5.7%) whilst in medical school, with the majority being cases of anxiety and depressive disorders. The prevalence of psychological distress was 54.5%, but <5% of affected students had received any help for their mental health conditions. Twenty five students (5%) met criteria for problematic alcohol use and 6% had used cannabis. The proportions of students who met criteria for disengagement and exhaustion domains of the OLBI were 84.6% and 77.0% respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of psychological distress and burnout is high among medical students. Interventions for medical students' well-being should be tailored to their needs and should target risk factors related to personal, organisational and medical school academic structure attributes.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1223-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39926550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of covid-19: Anxiety, depression, and wellbeing among medical students.","authors":"Egor Chumakov,&nbsp;Nataliia Petrova,&nbsp;Tamila Mamatkhodjaeva,&nbsp;Antonio Ventriglio,&nbsp;Dinesh Bhugra","doi":"10.1177/00207640221121717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640221121717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical students have been considered as a vulnerable group at higher risk of mental health issues during the COVID-19 outbreak.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We set out to detect symptoms of depression and anxiety in medical students in St. Petersburg (Russia) during the first wave of COVID-19 outbreak and explore the associations between psychosocial factors related to the pandemic and students' psychological well-being.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An anonymous online survey of medical students was conducted in May-June 2020. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for screening anxiety and depression symptoms. The final sample consisted of 144 students (78.5% females).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>About 69.4% of respondents reported that COVID-19 pandemic and social restrictions were a new source of stress in their lives. More than one-third (38.9%) of respondents reported a need for psychological (emotional) support due to a change in their daily life during the COVID-19 pandemic, with the vast majority (83.9%) of these respondents indicated an increased need for support in this specific period. Symptoms of anxiety were reported by 55.8% of females (HADS score: 9.05 ± 4.69) and 48.4% of males (8.09 ± 5.0), and symptoms of depression were found in 38.9% of females (6.40 ± 3.57) and 41.9% of males (6.16 ± 3.21).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that it is necessary to develop additional measures for the prevention and early diagnosis of mental disorders along with right levels of support for wellbeing and mental health of medical students in this ongoing pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1270-1276"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40351183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wellbeing, psychiatric morbidity and psychological distress amongst medical students in Denmark.","authors":"Jesper Nørgaard Kjær,&nbsp;Andrew Molodynski,&nbsp;Dinesh Bhugra,&nbsp;Thomas Lewis","doi":"10.1177/00207640221074916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640221074916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical students in Denmark undertake a demanding 6-year course which is generally during a critical age for the development of psychiatric disorder and harmful substance or alcohol use behaviours. Previous literature has highlighted significant rates of distress in Danish students.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We surveyed medical students in Denmark to better understand wellbeing, psychiatric morbidity, sources of stress, substance and alcohol use, psychological distress and burnout.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical students were invited to participate in a single survey via email and social media which was completed through an online form, available for a 6-month period. The survey used a mixture of pre-defined answer options alongside free-text responses. Embedded within the survey were standardised and reliable specific instruments related to alcohol use (the CAGE questionnaire), overall psychological wellbeing and burnout.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 647 respondents, with a quite even year-group distribution, representing just over 16% of total number of students attending medical school in Denmark. Prior to medical school 35% had visited a professional regarding their mental health. While at medical school 16% reported a diagnosis of a mental health condition. 83% reported significant stress from study. Around 7 in 10 met case criteria using instruments designed to test for minor psychiatric morbidity and burnout. 13% tested CAGE positive, whilst 4% reported concerns from themselves or others about their substance use.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrates high levels of psychiatric morbidity and worrying levels of burnout in this population. The striking 13% CAGE positive rate suggests this demographic is at risk of harm from alcohol. Our results suggest a high level of need to support this population - with further study required to demonstrate which interventions would be of most benefit for this population in light of our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"1289-1294"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39738073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking steps towards deinstitutionalizing mental health care within a low and middle-income country: A cross-sectional study of service user needs in the Republic of Moldova","authors":"Jona J Frasch, I. Petrea, J. Chihai, F. Smit, M. Oud, L. Shields-Zeeman","doi":"10.1177/0020764019879951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764019879951","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The current research was conducted in the context of an ongoing reform of mental health services in the Republic of Moldova since 2014, where efforts have been devoted to creating community-based mental health services. This article presents a snapshot of the needs of mental health service users in the Republic of Moldova and helps to understand how and with which services their needs can be addressed. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared the levels of needs (CANSAS scale), quality of life (EQ-5D 3L), mental health status (MINI for psychotic disorders) and functioning (WHO-DAS) among mental health service users in the psychiatric hospital in Chisinau, Moldova. All service users resided in districts where community mental health services were being developed. Correlations between quality of life, functioning and unmet need were explored. Results: Of 83 participants, one third had a psychotic or a mood disorder. On average, participants reported needs in 9.41 domains (SD = 4.41), of which 4.29 were unmet (SD = 3.63). Most unmet needs related to intimacy and relation to others. The level of functioning and quality of life were reported. We found strong, negative associations between the number of unmet needs and level of functioning, as well as the quality of life. We also found that higher functioning levels were positively associated with higher quality of life. Conclusion: There were a high number of unmet needs among this inpatient population, particularly social needs and service-related needs. A continuum of inpatient and outpatient care and individual treatment plans can help address the different needs of different patients. Individual treatment plans for patients and the choice of the appropriate treatment for patients could be guided by an assessment of service users’ (unmet) needs of care and level of functioning.","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116723537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of affective symptoms on personal recovery of patients with severe mental illness.","authors":"Robin Michael Van Eck,&nbsp;Thijs Jan Burger,&nbsp;Marij Schenkelaars,&nbsp;Astrid Vellinga,&nbsp;Mariken Beatrijs de Koning,&nbsp;Frederike Schirmbeck,&nbsp;Martijn Kikkert,&nbsp;Jack Dekker,&nbsp;Lieuwe de Haan","doi":"10.1177/0020764018784610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764018784610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical recovery is often defined as remission of symptoms. Personal recovery is described as growing beyond the catastrophic effects of mental illness, sometimes despite ongoing symptoms.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine the relationship between the severity of clinical symptom domains and personal recovery in patients with severe mental illness (SMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Symptom severity and personal recovery of 105 outpatients with SMI at Mentrum, part of Arkin Institute for Mental Health in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded Version (BPRS-E) and the Mental Health Recovery Measure (MHRM). Correlation and regression analyses were used to investigate the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The multiple regression analysis showed that only affective symptoms significantly predicted personal recovery, whereas neither positive nor negative symptom severity added to the explained variance in the model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The association between affective symptoms and personal recovery in patients with SMI implies that treatment of affective symptoms may advance personal recovery, and/or support of personal recovery may improve mood, whereas focussing on treatment of psychotic symptoms might not be the key to personal recovery. More research is needed to elucidate causal interrelations.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"521-527"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764018784610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36301923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-migration: Global domestic intergenerational cultural conflict.","authors":"Uriel Halbreich","doi":"10.1177/0020764018792587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764018792587","url":null,"abstract":"Many countries in Europe and North America experience waves of immigrants and refugees with cultural, religious and socio-economic backgrounds that are different and oftentimes clash with traditions and cultures of the host countries (Amnesty International, 2018; Clifton, 2012; Newport, 2018). Many developed as well as emerging and developing economies have been experiencing internal immigration where there are waves of populations’ shifts from poor rural areas to the rapidly developing and expanding urban industrial metropolises (McCranalan & Martine, 2014; Tocali, 2012). The magnitude of acrossand withincountries migrations is immense and they cause significant strains on all communities involved. Newcomers who were uprooted from their previous milieu are required to adapt to the new unfamiliar environment while struggling with financial shortage, lack of basic necessities and oftentimes hostility of non-hospitable threatened citizenry. Migration is currently considered to be a global problem causing concerns on multiple facets of well-being. Nations, cities, neighbourhoods and individuals are affected and remedies to reduce negative impacts should be and are being taken. Migration is influenced by globalization and the exponential explosion of technological advances. Triggers for migration include shaken personal safety, violent conflicts, natural disasters, poverty, discrimination as well as other reasons that may cause desperation. In pursuit of happiness and prosperity, people are driven to perceived better destinations. Dream images are oftentimes formulated by interpretation of messages in mass media and personal Internet and phone networks. Legal and illegal national and global transportation routes facilitate mobility within and across borders. Issues of macro populations’ migrations from one geographic location to another occupy news media, politicians and social scientists on a daily basis. Social and economic mobility, fluidity and instability are of a wide interest and concern. Micro-migration is “Exodus of ‘modernized’ youth from the bondage of the oppressing traditional cultural values of their parents, extended family and society”. It has been percolating under the surface of social texture of a number of traditional societies and eventually may be a force to change them in situ. A major driver of micro-migration has been the proliferation, intensive and extensive penetration and availability of Internet-driven information, ideas and trends. Laptops and especially smartphones are widely available, inexpensive and a basic personal necessity in many areas that are considered, by Western perception, to be ‘remote’ and poor. Attempts by governments or closed communities to block or limit electronic information have mostly failed. The power of electronic communications was clearly demonstrated in the protests of the so-called ‘Arab spring’. Internet is also wisely used by commercial, political and even underground organizations. E-com","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"519-520"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764018792587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36373723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}