Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A Rare Anatomical Variation of the Spinal Accessory: Case Report","authors":"Abdullah Al-Shaharani","doi":"10.54940/ms94389976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms94389976","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomical variation in the location of the spinal accessory nerve as it relates to the internal jugular vein has been reported in the literature and anatomy texts. Knowledge of the landmarks of the spinal accessory nerve and its relationship to the internal jugular vein is extremely helpful in its identification during neck surgery for precluding neurovascular complications. The nerve mostly passes laterally (anterior) or medially (posterior) to the internal jugular vein at the level of the medial aspect of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. However, there is a rare anatomical and surgical variant. In our case report, we describe an unusual relationship of the spinal accessory nerve to the internal jugular vein. In our case study, the nerve pierces the internal jugular vein.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"196 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120888680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nintedanib reduces corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice by increasing the expression of β3 & β6 integrins","authors":"Doha O. Alghamdi, H. A. Kawy, Z. Damanhouri","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-899285/v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-899285/v2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis is a major health problem. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nintedanib on corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice. Methods: The mice were divided into five groups 12 mice each. control group, BLM group received single dose of bleomycin (BLM), BLM+MP group received BLM and methylprednisolone (MP), BLM+NIN group received BLM and nintedanib(NIN) and BLM + NIN + MP group. The lung tissues were obtained for biochemical analysis, gene expression and histopathological examination on day 7 and day 28. Results: after 7 days, both NIN groups showed a significant decrease in the levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interferon-gamma, lung tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Malondialdehyde and lung water content with a significant increase in the Glutathione level in lung tissues compared to MP group. After 28 days, both NIN groups showed a significant reduction in hydroxyproline, and Trans-forming Growth Factor beta lung tissues contents compared to MP group, and they showed a positive effect on the expression of β 3 &β6 integrins compared to the negative effect of MP group. Histopathologically, both NIN groups showed significant improvement compared to MP group by H&E and Masson’s trichrome stains. Immunohistochemical staining revealed negative BCL-2 expression in the cytoplasm of bronchiolar epithelium in both NIN groups after 7 and 28 days of treatment. Lung tissue morphometric studies showed significant improvement of pathological changes induced by BLM in both NIN groups. Conclusions: Altogether, our data indicates that nintedanib overcame corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121635665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of fear of Perceived Risks of acquiring HIV Infections among Health Care Providers towards People Living with HIV and AIDS in River Nile State","authors":"M. Bushara, H. Adetunji","doi":"10.54940/ms24263562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms24263562","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical care providers must encounter with People Living with HIV Aids and be prone to acquiring HIV infection as a result of the nature of their work. As such, their knowledge and awareness of their likelihood of contracting the disease may interfere with their care for patient suffering from HIV/AIDS. Aim of the study: The study aimed to find out the frequency of fear of perceived risk of infection among health care providers from those that are infected with HIV or their relatives at Nile River State of Sudan. Methods: The study design is cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational. A questionnaire was administered to medical care providers in in two hospitals in Nile State, Sudan. Questions that covers demographic characteristics, familiarity with HIV, fear, and perceived risk of Medical Care Providers were asked. Results: Three hundred and ninety MCPs took part in the study, 136 were doctors, 219 were nurses, and 35 were midwives. Knowledge of the respondents is poor (1.8%), satisfactory (68.2%) and good (30%). The overall perceived risk in the majority of Medical Care Providers 66.7% was unclear, 27.9% had low perceived risk, while only 5.4% had high-perceived risk. Respondents’ knowledge and level of perceived risk are significant statistically. The better the respondents’ knowledge, the lower the perceived risk manifested. Appropriate recommendations were made. Conclusion: Medical Care Providers have overall unclear perceived risk, with some amount of high perceived risk related to providing care or casual contact with PLWHA.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127206225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of medical education on the knowledge, attitude and compliance regarding infection control measures among dental students in Makkah","authors":"Muhannad A. Alghamdi, Faisal Alotaibi, Hassan Ahmed, F. Alharbi, Omair M Bukhari, Abdel-Rahman Youssef","doi":"10.54940/ms31191227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms31191227","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infectious diseases are the major causes of morbidity and mortality related to clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Dentists should apply the guidelines for infection control during practice to prevent cross infection. This study aimed to assess the effect of medical education on the knowledge, attitudes and compliance among dental students regarding infection control measures at the dental teaching hospital faculty, Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was performed to assess the knowledge, attitude and compliance towards infection control using a structured questionnaire. All students attending dental clinics in the 4th, 5th and 6th grades (n = 186), 94 males and 92 females participated in this study. Results: Most dental undergraduate students have a knowledge of infection control in dental clinics including sterilization (83%), personal protective equipment (87.1%), proper hand hygiene (86.3%), vaccination (97.9%) and safe disposal of clinical waste (83.9%). More than 90% of UQU dental students were tested for Hepatitis B virus (HBV), performed wrap and disinfection of the dental unit before treating patients and wore personal protective equipment (PPE). The 6th grade dental students have superior knowledge compared to 4th and 5th grade dental students. The attitude and compliance to infection control guidelines within each grade were comparable. However, a between grade comparison showed that the 4th grade students had a better attitude and compliance.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130583210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Carcinoembryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule-binding Recombinant Polypeptide on the Killing of Neisseria meningitidis by Human Neutrophils","authors":"Abdel-Rahman Youssef","doi":"10.54940/ms10183116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms10183116","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neutrophils are an essential part of innate immunity and play a crucial role in controlling infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis. The Moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein A1 (UspA1)-based recombinant polypeptide binds to the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule (CEACAM) 1 receptor on host cells and blocks binding of the mucosal pathogens to human epithelial cells and T cells. Aim of the study: Since the CEACAM1 receptor is expressed on neutrophils, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CEACAM1-binding recombinant polypeptide on the ability of neutrophils to kill Neisseria meningitidis. Methods: The effect of CEACAM1-binding recombinant polypeptide on the phagocytic killing of Neisseria meningitidis by neutrophils was assessed by incubation of neutrophils with CEACAM1-binding recombinant polypeptide (UspA1 527–665) or with CEACAM1-non-binding polypeptide control (UspA1 659–863) for one hour before infection with Neisseria meningitidis. The surviving bacteria were released and counted. Results: 30 minutes after infection of neutrophils with Neisseria meningitidis, the survival of bacteria in presence of CEACAM1-binding recombinant polypeptide was 64% compared to 52% with control peptide and 43% without peptide. However, one-hour after infection, the surviving bacteria was 32% in presence of CEACAM1-binding recombinant polypeptide compared to 18% with control peptide and 22% without peptides. Conclusion: Although CEACAM1-binding polypeptide reduced the killing of Neisseria meningitidis by neutrophils, it did not entirely stop phagocytosis and killing of bacteria.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124527979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of mucin 2 expression in colorectal cancer with and without chemotherapies, in vivo and in vitro study","authors":"Hussain A. Almasmoum","doi":"10.54940/ms28179947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms28179947","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and second most prevalent cancer affecting males and females, respectively. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan are the main chemotherapies for CRC. Down regulation of mucin 2 (MUC2) expression is associated with poor prognosis. Aim: This study examines the expression levels of MUC2 in response to treatment with 5-FU and/or irinotecan in vivo and in vitro. Method: HT29 CRC cells were treated with 5- FU and/or irinotecan, and the expression of MUC2 at mRNA and protein levels was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. CRC was induced in rats by injecting azoxymethane (AOM) prior to 5-FU treatment. Results: HT29 cells treated with 5-FU and/or irinotecan displayed a significant increase in the expression of MUC2. MUC2 mRNA expression was similar in response to monotherapy with irinotecan or 5 FU, and combinatorial treatment with irinotecan and 5-FU significantly increased MUC2 mRNA expression. Treatment of colon malignancy in rats with 5-FU resulted in increased expression of MUC2 compared with that in the positive control (rats treated with AOM only). The levels of MUC2 protein were restored and were similar to those in untreated rats. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first in vitro study to report the effects of irinotecan treatment on MUC2 expression in CRC. MUC2 expression was increased by 5-FU and irinotecan. Therefore, further study could be undertaken to explore the potential use as a predictive marker in CRC.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123166928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19: Cardiopathy, Vasculopathy and Coagulopathy","authors":"Abdulmonim A. Alqasim","doi":"10.54940/ms25571701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms25571701","url":null,"abstract":"Late in 2019 a newly discovered coronavirus appeared in China. Later, this coronavirus was called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARC-CoV-2). Infection with this virus leads to a clinical condition known as coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID-19). As of 20th December 2020, the highly contagious virus has spread worldwide with more than 78 million positive cases and 1.7 million confirmed deaths. Presently there is no medication to cure COVID-19 due to the lack of knowledge of the pathophysiology of this clinical disorder. As a result, extensive work has to be done to reveal its pathophysiology. Although COVID‐19 clinical manifestations are mostly pulmonary, major cardiovascular complications have been described. Studies revealed that COVID-19 exacerbates the clinical conditions in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The mortality rate due to COVID-19 is significantly associated with comorbidity especially those with preexisting cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular abnormalities are not only prevalent but also predictive. Several cardiovascular diseases have been observed in patients with COVID-19 such as cardiac injury, arrhythmia, heart failure, endothelial inflammation, coronary artery disease and thrombosis. This review article presents evidence that COVID-19 is associated with cardiopathy, vasculopathy and coagulopathy.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133384085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Need as an Indicator for Planning Dental Postgraduate Programs at Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Omair M Bukhari, Ayman H. Ahmed, M. Kabany, I. Afifi","doi":"10.54940/ms11920461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms11920461","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The treatment need is one of the fundamental factors for effective planning of postgraduate dental programs that improve the competency of dental practitioners. Aims: To assess the treatment need of patients at Umm Al-Qura University, Dental Teaching Hospital utilizing statistically representative sample of patients visiting the clinics. To use data analyzed to propose the need and design for postgraduate degrees in the college. Material and methods: Information were retrieved from the electronic database of 4,967 patients’ files anonymously including age, gender, treatment needs and referred clinic specialty. The obtained data were subjected to descriptive statistics in the form of mean ± SD, frequencies, cross tabulations, and percentages using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: The percentage of females' records was significantly higher (52%) than that of males. The mean age of males was higher than females (36.66 versus 35.10) while young adult age category constituted the greatest number (36.6%). The most common treatment need recorded in patients' files were periodontics (73.3%), restorative (60.4%) followed by fixed prosthodontics (54.8%). Nearly half of the patients’ (48.9%) were in need of endodontic treatment. The common significantly higher needs in females were restorative and periodontics, while among males, significantly higher treatment needs for surgery, endodontics and prosthodontics were recorded. Conclusion: Patient treatment needs at Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University reflect a high priority for proposing postgraduate degrees in periodontics and restorative dentistry. Also, devoting considerable time and effort in counseling and providing undergraduates with information that guide in making career decisions and match the treatment needs in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Clinical Significance: Establishment of dental postgraduate degrees that meet the treatment needs of the community will lead to more professional diagnosis and management of patients by qualified specialists.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131828367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between oxidative stress marker Beta-2 microglobulin and type 2 diabetes mellitus in context of glycaemic index","authors":"R. Almaimani","doi":"10.54940/ms74813000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms74813000","url":null,"abstract":"Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) protein has been shown to be elevated in response to oxidative stress and metabolic disorders and it modulates human immune and inflammatory responses. However, little is known about the association between B2M and glycaemic index in diabetic patients. Hence, this case-control study was conducted to measure the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the plasma concentrations of B2M. A total of 50 T2DM male patients alongside another 50 age-matched and healthy men were enrolled. The plasma concentrations of B2M and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. Data related to smoking, daily consumption of multivitamins and regular performance of exercise were obtained through a questionnaire. The participants body mass index (BMI) was calculated after the body weight (Kg) and height (cm) of each participant was recorded. The results showed comparable age, BMI and rate of active smoking between the study groups. However, the levels of HbA1c were significantly higher, whereas the frequencies of consuming multivitamins and regularly performing exercise were significantly lower, in the T2DM group when compared with healthy controls. The plasma B2M levels also showed moderate significant positive correlations with age, BMI, and HbA1c plasma levels. In conclusion, the plasma Concentration of the oxidative stress marker B2M, was associated with T2DM and a significant elevation in its levels was positively correlated with age and the levels of HbA1c.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"60 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114447189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of symptomatic abdominal bloating in irritable bowel syndrome among Saudi Arabian patients","authors":"Y. Khayyat","doi":"10.54940/ms84929526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms84929526","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the association between symptomatic abdominal bloating among Saudi patients and diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and patient characteristics that may be affecting their perception of the symptom. Methods: Patients with IBS symptoms presenting to the Gastroenterology Clinic at the International Medical Centre (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) between August 2013 and July 2016 were recruited using the ROME III criteria for IBS diagnosis. Bowel symptoms and abdominal bloating were collected for statistical comparison with the patient gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). Results: Among the total 305 patients who presented complaining of IBS symptoms, abdominal bloating was predominant, being reported by 257 (84.3%; 122 males and 135 females); the remaining patients either reported no experience of this symptom (n = 22) or no response (n=26). However, among the total patient population only 230 (75.4%) received an IBS subtype diagnosis that is statistically significant different between patients with abdominal bloating compared to those with no bloating (p 0.004). However, a statistical comparison between the bloating symptom among IBS patients and the various IBS subgroups showed no association with sex, age or BMI. Conclusions: Among the patients with IBS at our hospital, a perception of abdominal bloating is typically a true symptom of the disease, particularly for the (IBS- Mixed) IBS-M subtype. Moreover, the perception of abdominal bloating is not associated with patient sex, age or BMI.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116017904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}