Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Burnout among First-Year Students in the Health Colleges at Umm Al-Qura University","authors":"A. Arbaeen","doi":"10.54940/ms25673762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms25673762","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: According to studies in different countries, burnout is one of the mental health issues afflicting students in high school and college,. While burnout is prevalent among all students, however, medical students are more prone due to the higher stressors compared to other university departments. This study was conducted to investigate the burnout prevalence and their associated factors using the Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS) among students pursuing first year (preparatory year) programs across various health colleges at Umm al Qura University in Makkah. In the study, we attempted to correlate health habits such as smoking, consumption of energy drinks, and obesity with burnout prevalence among students in health colleges. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was used to assess the prevalence of burnout in this student population to assess the three subscales of (MBI-GS): emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy. Results: From the 895 students participated in the study, 39% were male and 61% were females. We found a significant difference (P<0.05) between male and female groups in the exhaustion and cynicism subscales, whereas the professional efficacy sub-scale did not show any significant difference. Concerning the exhaustion subscale, female students displayed higher high burnout level than male students (38.1% vs 20.4%) while males showed higher moderate and low percentages than females. The cynicism subscale showed higher high and moderate burnout levels in females than males, while low burnout level was higher in males than females. Exhaustion subscale showed significant negative correlations with nationality (male: r = -0.126, P = 0.019), supplementation usage (female: r = -0.102, P = 0.017), and energy drinks intake (female: r = -0.086, P = 0.045), while positive correlations with BMI (female: r = 0.087, P = 0.042), and marital status (male: r = 0.126, P = 0.018). Conclusion: We can conclude that burnout is indeed prevalent among medical university students. Among female student, we found out that the higher the body mass, the greater the burnout rate. Furthermore a positive correlation between, lower income higher apathy and the loss of personality, among students. Despite the proven harm from the increased consumption of energy drinks, the increased consumption of stimulants and energy drinks reduced burnout and raised attention.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116200459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness of general population towards obesity and bariatric surgery in Western region of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey","authors":"S. Suleiman, Abdulrahman M Alharthi, Nasser Shanbari, Raghad Almasoudi, Rawaan S Almajnoni, Lina Alsulami, Muath M Alzahrani","doi":"10.54940/ms88774365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms88774365","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obesity is considered a chronic condition caused by an abundance of body fat; it significantly rises morbidity and the risk of early death. Severe obesity is thought to be best treated with bariatric surgery hence the number of these procedures is increasing recently in Saudi Arabia thus our aim is to assess the general population’s awareness regarding obesity and bariatric surgery complications in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: The design of this study is cross-sectional; it was carried in Umm Al-Qura University. Respondents were from Saudi Arabia’s Western region and the sample was collected via an online questionnaire from October 2022 to December 2022. Results: 1122 respondents were collected in the study. 664 (59.2%) were females compared to 458(40.8%) males, Ages of participants ranged from 15 to 46 years with a mean age of 24.3 ± 13.9 years. The overall knowledge of participants was good accounting for 641(57.1%) compared to 481(42.9%) were having poor knowledge. Conclusion: Overall knowledge among the general population regarding obesity and bariatric surgery complications in the Western region of Saudi Arabia was sufficient. Yet, more studies should be conducted all over Saudi Arabia to assess general population awareness and identify any factors influencing the level of knowledge to enhance them through medical education.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"15 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131935468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging Based Detection of Acute Ischemic Stroke Via Multidetector Computed Tomography","authors":"F. Alshehri","doi":"10.54940/ms94397891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms94397891","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The current study was designed to capture comprehensive imaging of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). The study also evaluated the accessibility and potential use of computed tomography angiography (CTA) and sought to determine stroke subtypes in patients with AIS. Methods: The presence of ischemic lesions was detected by the MDCT, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and non-contrast flat detector computed tomography (FDCT). The study selected the AIS patients with hyperacute stroke for less than 6 hours from July 2021 to August 2022. The CTA of cervical arteries was performed in order to determine stroke subtypes. Results: The MDCT-based detection of ischemic lesions in 110 studied ischemic stroke patients showed 34% had extensive intracranial artery damage, 86% detected a partial territorial infarct, while 52% patients had detected artery-to-artery embolization. These percentages of detected ischemic lesions overlapped in all studied AIS patients. The findings showed significant susceptible plaques and arterial stenosis. Conclusion: The findings of the study clearly indicated that AIS patients admitted within less than 6 hours of a hyperacute stroke showed multiple types of ischemic lesions. The findings also concluded that the MDCT technique is highly useful for the detection of multiple patterns of brain infarction and for the determination of the causative mechanisms in patients with acute ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115107920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of adverse drug reactions in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving oral hypoglycemic agents","authors":"N. Shahzad","doi":"10.54940/ms84792341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms84792341","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study intends to ascertain the prevalence and overall burden of various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) driven by oral antidiabetics for treating type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in India. Methods: Patients with T2DM taking oral antidiabetic medications participated in prospective observational research. Data collection used the pretested format by the Indian pharmacovigilance program to record the history of drugs suspected to be responsible for ADRs. The causality evaluation is according to the guidelines of the Uppsala Monitoring Center and the World Health Organization. Results: This study included 424 patients with established diabetes. Female patients showed a non-significant higher percentage of ADRs (p = 0.059). Naranjo’s assessment recorded 51 suspected ADRs with significant (p = 0.042) categorical differences in casualty. According to ADR severity, there was a significant (p = 0.048) difference between moderate 8.25% (n = 35) and mild 3.80% (n = 16); however, none of the ADRs showed severity. Metformin caused abdominal discomfort, itching, and rashes, accounting for 4.95% (n = 21) of all reported adverse reactions. Gliclazide and glimepiride induced hypoglycemia, itch, and rashes, 1.65% (n = 7), abdominal pain, 1.18% (n = 5), flatulence caused by acarbose, abdominal discomfort caused by pioglitazone, and pedal edema caused by pioglitazone 1.18% (n = 5). Conclusion: ADRs due to oral antidiabetic agents are a frequent problem. Therefore, active pharmacovigilance is essential for risk identification, management, and establishing a robust antidiabetic drug ADR database.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127773658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a Pilot Health Education Program on Knowledge and Attitude Toward Dealing with Diabetics","authors":"Reyof Alajlan, Ruba Alyahya, Fotoun Alenzi, Raghad Almouh, Huny M. Bakry","doi":"10.54940/ms99088463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms99088463","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of a pilot health education programme on Xxx University student’s knowledge and attitudes towards dealing with diabetic patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 60 students at Xxx University through two groups, intervention and comparative, from January to April 2019. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-and post-test total knowledge of the intervention group. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the pre-and post-test total knowledge of the comparative group, and there was no significant difference between the pre-and post-test attitudes of the intervention and comparative groups. Conclusion: The health education programme was effective in improving the knowledge of the participants. It is recommended that family members and caregivers be involved in diabetes education sessions.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127474191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transit time spectrum dependence upon ultrasound input wave types propagating through complex structures","authors":"S. Al-Qahtani, Ali Alomary, Marwan A. M. Althomali","doi":"10.54940/ms45313008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms45313008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ultrasound transit time spectroscopy (UTTS) has been introduced previously to characterize the propagation of ultrasound waves through complex structures such as cancellous bone to estimate bone quality and quantity. UTTS describes the propagation of ultrasonic waves through a medium with two components of differing sound speeds (e.g., bone and marrow) as a set of parallel sonic rays. The transit time spectrum (TTS) is derived via the digital deconvolution of the input and output signals. Aim: To investigate the dependence of TTS upon the type of ultrasound input wave, including four different 1 MHz ultrasound waves (pulse, chirp, tone-burst, and continuous). Methods: The presence of ischemic lesions was detected by the MDCT, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and non-contrast flat detector computed tomography (FDCT). The study selected the AIS patients with hyperacute stroke for less than 6 hours from July 2021 to August 2022. The CTA of cervical arteries was performed in order to determine stroke subtypes.Ten replica 3D- acrylic step-wedge models with different structure complexity were investigated. For each model and using the four types of input waves, TTS was derived and compared with calculated TTS based on the parallel sonic ray concept. Results: The results showed coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.994, 0.999, 0.90, and 1 for pulse, chirp, tone-burst and continuous signals respectively. Furthermore, solid volume fraction (SVF) was derived via TTS (TTS-SVF) and compared with the geometrically calculated SVF data of the models, yielding coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.941, 0.968, 0.489, and 0.981 for pulse, chirp, tone-burst and continuous waves, respectively. Therefore, the continuous wave provided a more accurate prediction of TTS and SVF, followed by chirp, then pulse waves. Conclusion: This study adds to the body of research supporting the validity and reliability of UTTS, as a potentially promising technique to provide a reliable in vivo estimate of bone mineral density.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125712553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and histopathological analysis of nephro-protective effects of lactoferrin in diabetic rats","authors":"A. Alrefaei, Ifat A. Al-Sharif, Ahood Aleidan, W. Filfilan, Kamal Attiar","doi":"10.54940/ms86578578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms86578578","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lactoferrin (Lf) has several actions that are interceded through different cell receptors. It was proven to have antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and immunomodulating properties. Therefore, this current study aims to explain the protective effect of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) on kidney function and histopathology and the role of nitric oxide. Methods: In this investigation, 60 adult male rats were used, and fifty of them were used to induce diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Forty animals whose blood glucose levels exceeded 300 mg/dL were classified as diabetic. Rats (10 normal + 40 diabetics) were left for about a month without treatment. Experimental rats were arranged into 5 exploratory groups; Control, diabetes, (diabetes + insulin), (diabetes + lactoferrin), and (diabetes + insulin + lactoferrin). After 45 days of treatment, blood was collected for the determination of glucose, urea, creatinine, and uric acid. A urine sample was also collected to estimate creatinine clearance, microalbumin, nitric oxide, sodium, and potassium levels. kidney tissue samples were taken from all rats in each experiment and used to estimate nitric oxide levels and histopathological examination. Results: The results revealed the protective effect of lactoferrin against diabetic nephropathy in rats through biochemical and morphological confirmations, including lowered rates of blood and urine indices, and an increase in renal nitric oxide levels as compared with untreated diabetic rats or those treated with insulin alone. Conclusion: There was a clear improvement in the kidney function as well as in the renal histology of rats treated with (insulin + lactoferrin) compared to those treated with insulin alone. This suggests a potential protective role of Lf in diabetic kidneys, which could operate through its biological activities, such as its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131827285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocardiography interpretation competency among medical students in Umm Al-Qura University: A cross-sectional study","authors":"A. Serafi, O. Abdulrahman, Fahad Alharthi, Muath M Alzahrani, N. Alotaibi, M. Almatrafi, Abdulaziz Alsaeedi","doi":"10.54940/ms99959743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms99959743","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The interpretation and reading of Electrocardiography (ECG) is one of the core medical skills, as there could be a negative impact on the management and safety of the patients if misinterpreted. Therefore, Our study aims to assess electrocardiographic interpretation competency among medical students at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Umm Al-Qura University. Participants were under-graduated medical students. An online questionnaire was distributed in January during the 2021-2022 academic year. Results: 427 students from clinical years participated in the study, the distribution of clinical academic years was comparable, fourth year (126; 29.5%), fifth year (150; 35.1%), and sixth year (151; 35.4%). The mean score for all the students out of 10 is: (4.58, SD: 2.32). The number of students who scored 7.5 or more out of 10 (passed): 74 (17.3%). Conclusion: The under-graduated medical student’s overall performance was limited regarding their competency in ECG interpretation. Thus, it is recommended to provide more organized educational courses and supervised self-learning on the respective topic to enhance overall ECG interpretation skills.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":" 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120832484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical and Histological Evidence of Aluminum Bone Toxicity: An Experimental Study","authors":"A. Sheta","doi":"10.54940/ms40638052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms40638052","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Aluminum has may be cytotoxic to animals and humans. It is mainly stored in bone and unfortunately, its absorption is increased with age. This study is done to define possible aluminum pathological changes in bone of aging albino rats. Methods: Twenty male albino rats aged 24 months was divided into two groups, control experimental. Experimental group received aluminum chloride for 10 weeks orally. The femur of both control and experimental group is investigated by light and electron microscope. Plain X-ray to the femur as an example to bone is also done. Results: Plain X-ray of femurs of the experimental group showed medullary bone trabeculae destruction, cortical bone resorption and sclerosis. Sections of the shaft of the femur stained with H&E confirmed X-ray gross picture and the bony cortex appeared very thin in comparison with control and showed multiple erosion cavities that may leads to bone fractures. Bone cells appeared few and highly degenerated while the periosteum was very thin and detached from the bone cortex. The bone trabeculae were highly destroyed, and the wide bone marrow spaces were filled by fat cells in some bones. At the level of electron microscope, both osteocytes and osteoblasts revealed severe degenerative changes and showed few irregular collagenous matrices. Conclusion: The degenerative changes observed in the bone of this study are most probably due to aluminum ingestion.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130253076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Medical Students Regarding Risk of Blood-Borne Transmitted Diseases: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Nada Bajuaifer, Hanaa Hego, M. Elgendy, Hanan Elmoneim","doi":"10.54940/ms21016382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54940/ms21016382","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical students are at a high risk of exposure to Blood-borne Pathogens (BBP) through their earlier clinical exposure. Aim: Herein, we aim to evaluate their knowledge about BBP and demonstrate their attitudes toward reporting the exposure incident. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire amongst medical students-Umm Al-Qura University. Results: With a moderate response rate (66.5%, n = 905), about 90% (n = 817) of participants had previous knowledge about BBP, 53.5% (n = 484) of the students had a high knowledge level about the mode of transmission of BBP, 78.7% (n = 713) demonstrated low attitudes toward the BBP. About 18% (n= 164) of the respondents were exposed at least once to BBP. The main hazards for student exposure to BBP were younger age, females, lacking prior education about BBP at or after the third year, human immunodeficiency virus as a BBP of major concern, and ignorance of reporting procedures. Conclusion: Inadequate knowledge about BBP and some gaps in reporting were observed. Actual effective education for prevention and management is essential to minimize occupational exposure. In addition, it is compulsory to ensure students' knowledge and understanding before allowing them to start clinical training.","PeriodicalId":256236,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134056158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}