{"title":"Principal Component Analysis Technique for Finding the Best Applicant for a Job","authors":"Abbood M. Jameel, Q. Al-Salami","doi":"10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp121-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp121-125","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the use of principal component analysis technique (PCA) in choosing the best applicant for a job in Cihan University-Erbil. Cihan University has a panel of judges (University staff) to help in choosing the applicants for a job by evaluating or rating each one on different scale of preference and different type of characteristics. This process usually creates complicated multivariate data structure, which consists of 25 applicants for a job rated by a panel of judges on 17 characteristics [25 rows, applicants, and 17 columns, characteristics]. PCA plays a crucial role in conducting impactful research as it offers a potent technique for analyzing multivariate data. Researchers can utilize this method to extract valuable information that aids decision-makers in problem-solving. To ensure the appropriateness of data for PCA, certain testing procedures are necessary. In this study, two tests, namely the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) Measure of Sampling Adequacy and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, were performed, and their significance is vital. The findings indicate that the data employed in this research are suitable for PCA. Scoring and ranking procedures as extra tools were used to see that applicant No. (1) is the first accepted for a job, applicant No. (17) is the second, applicant No. (12) is the third, and so on.","PeriodicalId":255205,"journal":{"name":"Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131764468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oral Participation in Class, Problems, and Solutions","authors":"Israa B. Azeez","doi":"10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp126-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp126-131","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the focus is on oral participation during lectures. Oral participation refers to the active engagement of learners in the lecture by speaking, asking, giving comments, and participating in pair or group discussions. The students are supposed to participate and practice the language to improve their speaking skills. The main question in this study is: Why students do not speak and engage during lectures? Hence, the aim of the paper is to find out the factors that affect their performance. In this study, the researcher examined the main reason behind the lack of participation of English Foreign Language students in the English department at Cihan University-Erbil to find solutions for improving their speaking skills. A questionnaire was prepared based on the most common reasons affecting class engagement and it was divided into four sections: Personal factors, the role of the teacher, environmental factors, and linguistic factors. The participants were students at the English department at Cihan University-Erbil. After conducting the questionnaire, the researcher had an interview with the students and their teachers. The results showed that there are many reasons and factors that hinder learners from speaking and turn them into passive listeners. The personal factors and the effect of the teachers were the most prominent factors that had an impact on the learner’s performance. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":255205,"journal":{"name":"Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"12 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114040726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Politeness Achievements on Students’ Academic performance","authors":"Imadin M. Zannrni, Laila B. Shareef","doi":"10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp115-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp115-120","url":null,"abstract":"A way to be polite is to be polite. It is a wonderful quality. It demonstrates discipline. It means treating other people with consideration and respect. Each individual needs to hear beneficial things and see great ways of behaving towards themselves. As a result, it's critical to treat others with respect and kindness. Being polite is more than just saying nice things to other people; it also includes how we treat the animals and environment around us. For the most part, individuals show graciousness to senior faculty, this is a perilous pattern in a humanized world. Politeness is a sensitive topic, but till now there are no studies focusing on the politeness. The current study focuses on the politeness of the students at the Iraqi universities. It is a qualitative study since it conducted a number of in-depth interviews with both lecturers and students. The results show that politeness does play a role in the academic performance of the students.","PeriodicalId":255205,"journal":{"name":"Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130171761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Workplace Enviousness on Individual Productivity and Organizational Behavior","authors":"Qusay H. Al-Salami, Mustafa J. Issa","doi":"10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp107-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp107-114","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of its negative consequences for college academics, workplace envy is one of the important areas to study and investigate its results. Thus, this study attempts to find out individuals’ productivity affected by envy in the workplace (CWBI) and organizational citizenship behavior directly benefi ts individuals (OCBI) in the context of Iraqi colleges. A survey was conducted among the lecturers at Baghdad University’s colleges in Iraq, with 182 lecturers representing a response rate of 50%. The researcher used two-step approach with partial least squares-structural equation modeling by Smart PLS to test the hypotheses. As anticipated, the research findings point that workplace envy positively influenced CWBI (accepting H1). Furthermore, results indicated that workplace envy negatively influenced OCBI (accepting H2). The results of this research have various implications for colleges in general and Iraqi colleges in particular. The scientific impact that the results of the present study will contribute to practitioners is demonstrated by highlighting the factors that lead to reducing CWBI and strengthening OCBI in colleges. To enhance the OCBI and minimize the CWBI in colleges, it is advised that the management should encourage academic cooperation and create a work environment suitable for the academics. This can be achieved by forming research teams to work on joint scientific projects and by allowing qualified academics to participate in teaching, supervising postgraduate students, and discussion committees. Providing positive organizational support can motivate the academics to perform better, exhibit responsible behavior, and become productive members of the college community.","PeriodicalId":255205,"journal":{"name":"Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127309916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Employee Perception of Ethical Corporate Social Responsibility on Organizational Performance","authors":"R. Shareef","doi":"10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp98-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp98-106","url":null,"abstract":"This study's purpose is to find out how perceived ethical corporate social responsibility (ECSR) and organisational performance are related, specifically through the use of employees’ innovative work behaviour (IWB) as a mediating mechanism that is conditional (i.e., moderator) upon intellectual capital. Employees in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq's services industry, such as those working for hotels, banks, real estate, and property organisations, were given questionnaires through a simple random sample approach. The final sample used for the study had 172 responses, and the achieved response rate was 78.2 percent. The research showed that workers’ IWB mediates the association between perceived ECSR and organisational performance. The outcomes also lend credibility to the argument that ECSR interacts with the intellectual capital to influence employees’ IWB, which impacts organisational performance. This paper is one of the few studies examining the effects of ECSR, intellectual capital, and employees’ IWB on organisational performance.","PeriodicalId":255205,"journal":{"name":"Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132715553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"English Color Idioms and Arabic Color Idioms","authors":"Israa B. Azeez, M. Abbasian, Huda Y. Abdulwahid","doi":"10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp91-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp91-97","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an attempt to make a comparative study between Arabic and English regarding color idioms. It tends to make a comparison by shedding light on similarities between Arabic and English regarding Color idioms. Eighteen color idioms have been chosen; ten from English and nine from Arabic. Each idiom has been analyzed literally (dictionary meaning) and non-literally (figurative meaning). The analysis has displayed that both languages share some common connotations and literal meanings for a number of idioms. It has showed some differences as well. It can be drawn that although these languages are aliens, descending from two various origins, yet they share some meanings. Besides, the analysis has explored that some idioms might have more than one meaning depending on the context. As a last point, the meaning of these color idioms may differ according to culture, language, customs and traditions, religion, and situations. ","PeriodicalId":255205,"journal":{"name":"Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126091105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ernest Hemingway’s Iceberg Narrative Method of The Old Man and the Sea","authors":"Raad S. Rauf","doi":"10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp88-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp88-90","url":null,"abstract":"In most of his fictional works and in the line of his previous experience as a journalist and war reporter, Ernest Hemingway developed writing techniques peculiar to him to be followed by many predecessors after him. Among the well-known techniques are the one, in which he called “the iceberg theory.” The present paper concerns itself with analyzing this literary technique used by Hemingway in “The Old Man and the Sea.” This novella, written in 1952, and awarded Nobel Prize 1954 and Pulitzer Prize 1953, achieved a great successnot only in the writer’s career but also in the world of fiction as well. Hemingway’s exceptional use of the iceberg technique renowned the novella among his masterpieces and himself as a world Avant-garde in the fictional sphere. This is due to using a simple economical language. Yet, this simple language is full of symbols, metaphors, similes, allusions, personifications, interior monologues, repetitions, soliloquies, etc. All these devices provide another cognitive approach to this story delivered in a much unsophisticated language. This unique style, though written in prose, once has their sentences broken down they may be read as poetic. The aim of this paper is to trace these elements in a novel approach to reading Hemingway’s this masterpiece.","PeriodicalId":255205,"journal":{"name":"Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128082749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building an Efficient Model by Using Panel Data","authors":"Obaid M. Al-Zawbaee, Nozad H. Mahmood","doi":"10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp82-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp82-87","url":null,"abstract":"The panel data models have gained great attention because they consider the effect of changing time series and the cross-sectional units. It has a higher number of degrees of freedom and is, therefore, more efficient. Our research aims to build the most efficient model using panel data through comparison among six statistical models and to determine the most efficient model through the mean squares of error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2). Using the EViews-12 package to apply to two data sets to determine the most efficient model. The more critical findings are that the hypothesis assumed by the research states that the accuracy of the adopted models varies. Furthermore, it was found by building six types of panel data models that the best model is the (Two-way Fixed Effect Model) because it achieves the lowest value of (RMSE) and the largest value of R2.","PeriodicalId":255205,"journal":{"name":"Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125386849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Difficulties of Simultaneous Interpreting from Translation Students' Perspective","authors":"Sirvan Aminzadeh","doi":"10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp74-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp74-81","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is a survey that explored the difficulties of simultaneous interpreting (SI) for translation students. The survey addressed the senior translation students in the Kurdistan Region, asking them about the troubles of SI from English into Kurdish or Arabic in the classrooms. Relying on the available models in interpreting studies reviewed by Pöchhacker (2004), this study assessed the students` difficulties in SI from the linguistic, cultural, cognitive, interactional, and translational aspects. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the students, covering the issues relevant to the cited dimensions. Sixty respondents participated in the survey, whose responses were statistically analyzed and discussed in this paper. The results revealed that the cognitive issues- i.e., comprehending fast speaking, concentration, memorization, controlling stress, encyclopedic knowledge, and strategic thinking- formed the highest degree of difficulty (22%) for the students. In sum, working on all aspects of SI should be emphasized by the translation teachers in the classroom to pave the way for developing the students` skills and abilities in these respects.","PeriodicalId":255205,"journal":{"name":"Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"290 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116402188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Al-Salami, Fatma I El-Zelawi, Almabruk S. Sultan
{"title":"Customer Satisfaction on Quality of ISO Standard 9126 Services in Electronic Banking in Libya","authors":"Q. Al-Salami, Fatma I El-Zelawi, Almabruk S. Sultan","doi":"10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp58-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v7n1y2023.pp58-67","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the availability of some electronic banking (e-banking) services in Libya, these services are still facing difficulties in many ways, they have advantages and disadvantages, and so far, they have not been understood by some customers to get their satisfaction. This research aims to know the extent of customer satisfaction (CS) with e-banking services in Libya through ISO 9126 standards. The research population consisted of all customers of (Al-Wahda) and (Commerce & Development (C&D)) bank in Benghazi city, a random sample of 180 and 207 clients were selected respectively. Research hypotheses have been tested, and we noticed a relationship between the existence of a strong significant correlation between the quality services of e-banking according to quality standards ISO 9126 software and CS among the banks under study. The value of this research comes from the new scientific results to study the impact of the quality of e-banking services on CS in Libyan banks, and its originality lies because of the lack of this research applied to Libyan banks in general and Benghazi city in particular.","PeriodicalId":255205,"journal":{"name":"Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126148502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}