Baltic Screen Media Review最新文献

Lived Experience in the “Naturalistic” Paradigm: Implementing Empirical Phenomenology with Expert Participants for Neurocinematics 自然主义 "范式中的生活经验：在神经inematics 中与专家参与者一起实施经验现象学

Baltic Screen Media Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2023-0004

Jelena Rosic

{"title":"Lived Experience in the “Naturalistic” Paradigm: Implementing Empirical Phenomenology with Expert Participants for Neurocinematics","authors":"Jelena Rosic","doi":"10.2478/bsmr-2023-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bsmr-2023-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When studying subjective reports in neuroscience, data that are more easily quantifiable understandably hold more appeal due to the methodological complexities involved with in-depth approaches (second-person interview techniques and analyses) that require extended training of a researcher but also epistemological regard for the problem. A methodological direction for neurocinematics that could better capture the complexities inherent in the experience of film-viewing is to treat distinct domains of the neurocinematic phenomenon, the film stimuli, related subjective accounts, and their neural correlates as co-constitutive in the data analysis. The present proposal outlines an empirical phenomenology approach in the naturalistic paradigm with film stimuli building on the neurophenomenological ideas of pragmatically approaching the relationship between neurocognitive processes and phenomenological accounts. Using the micro-phenomenological method as a guide, i.e. non-naïve introspection (“becoming aware”) with a trained interviewer, the objective is to emphasize the process of accessing lived experiences for systematic second-person investigations. Such in-depth subjective reports have the potential to yield fine-grained descriptions of the participants’ experience related to (free) viewing of films as opposed to relying on naïve introspections (“just ask”) or easily quantifiable assessments that lack complexity (“just look”) and are prone to bias due to the simplification of experience. Building up a case for empirical phenomenology through the methodological demands of its framework, the illustration of the micro-phenomenological method serves to underscore the non-trivial nature of accessing and reporting experience and its role in the neurocognitive domain.","PeriodicalId":253522,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Screen Media Review","volume":"94 1","pages":"48 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotional Transportation and Identification in Screenwriting: A Pilot Study 编剧中的情感传递与认同：试点研究

Baltic Screen Media Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2023-0005

Kirsi Reinola

{"title":"Emotional Transportation and Identification in Screenwriting: A Pilot Study","authors":"Kirsi Reinola","doi":"10.2478/bsmr-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bsmr-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Within the academic domain focused on the artistic practice of screenwriting, this exploratory study assesses the presence of emotional transportation and character identification processes within the solitary screenwriter’s creative imagination during the writing process. Screen-writing research is facing a dichotomy of the screenwriter who embodies both the role of a narrative specialist and that of a visual storytelling poet. Screenwriters often work in isolation, even in collaborative projects, leading to a tension between solitary work and collaborative roles. Narrative theories in screenwriting have mainly centered on identification of the audience, neglecting the screenwriter’s perspective. However, screenwriting can serve as a platform for experimentation and a reflection of new ideas, insights, and hands-on experience, meeting the demand for a systematic understanding of the writer’s processes. The results of this study provide preliminary insights into the mechanisms of emotional transportation, identification, and eureka moments in screenwriting practice. The study suggests that the transportation effect in writers is induced by a feeling of security, which arises from the limitations of the assignment. The data also suggests that pressure can lead to more original dramaturgical solutions. As such, this experimental pilot study already sheds light on the screenwriter’s artistic process. Yet, it has limitations, including a small number of informants and the novelty of the research method.","PeriodicalId":253522,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Screen Media Review","volume":"879 23","pages":"68 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shaping Films from the Inside Out: Embodied Mental Schemas in Filmmaking and Viewing 由内而外塑造电影：电影制作和观看中的体现心理模式

Baltic Screen Media Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2023-0008

Maarten Coëgnarts

引用次数: 0

Point-of-view Shots in Light of Cognitive Grammar 从认知语法角度看视角镜头

Baltic Screen Media Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2023-0009

M. Deaca

{"title":"Point-of-view Shots in Light of Cognitive Grammar","authors":"M. Deaca","doi":"10.2478/bsmr-2023-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bsmr-2023-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper explores cinematic editing within Ronald Langacker’s cognitive grammar (CG) framework, analyzing the structural and conceptual aspects of film language. By examining the juxtaposition of shots, from a linguistic perspective, the study identifies recurring schematic patterns across expressive instances. Emphasizing grammatical constructions, it delves into the connections between shots, especially in sequences involving a character’s point of view (POV). The present investigation argues for the existence of a shared conceptual mechanism used in order to make sense of verbal and visual discourse. The study employs sequences from Buster Keaton and Michael Haneke, with a primary focus on hypothetical shot juxta-positions crafted to provide visual examples. To concretize the application of Langacker’s CG to cinema image analysis, a case study on the Kuleshov effect as experimented with by Hitchcock will be presented. The principal objective of this study is to construct a theoretical framework employing the analytical tools of CG to augment and refine Noël Carroll’s concept of erotetic narration. A subsequent claim is that the juxtapositions of shots are conceptual systems bound at several levels by circular loops. Several configurations of the system coexist and the viewer has the necessary executive control for implementing alternative meaning construals.","PeriodicalId":253522,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Screen Media Review","volume":"131 ","pages":"148 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139016540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtual Representations and Their Ethical Implications 虚拟表征及其伦理影响

Baltic Screen Media Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2023-0011

Robert Mcnamara

{"title":"Virtual Representations and Their Ethical Implications","authors":"Robert Mcnamara","doi":"10.2478/bsmr-2023-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bsmr-2023-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper will address ethical concerns surrounding the representation of vulnerable groups as well as the methodological challenges inherent in using artificial intelligence and human-like computer-generated characters in human studies that involve representing such groups. Such concerns focus on consequences arising from the technological affordances of new systems for creating narratives, as well as graphical and audio representations that are capable of portraying beings with close resemblance to humans. Enacting such virtual representations of humans inevitably gives rise to important ethical questions: (1) Who has the right to tell certain stories? (2) Is it ethical to change the medium of a narrative and the identity of a protagonist? (3) Do such changes, or technological mediations, affect whether a vulnerable group will be fairly and accurately portrayed? (4) And what are the implications, either way? While the backdrop of the paper involves discussing the potential of virtual representation as a meditative tool for moral and social change, the ethical implications inherent in the use of new cutting-edge technologies, such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Unreal Engine’s MetaHuman, to create human-like virtual character narratives call for theoretical scrutiny from a methodological perspective.","PeriodicalId":253522,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Screen Media Review","volume":"95 3","pages":"198 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139020814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cinematographers’ Perceptual Professionalization from Novices to Experts: Observations from an Eye-tracking Case Study 电影摄影师从新手到专家的感知专业化：眼动追踪案例研究的观察结果

Baltic Screen Media Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2023-0010

Elen Lotman, Mati Mõttus, Pia Tikka

{"title":"Cinematographers’ Perceptual Professionalization from Novices to Experts: Observations from an Eye-tracking Case Study","authors":"Elen Lotman, Mati Mõttus, Pia Tikka","doi":"10.2478/bsmr-2023-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bsmr-2023-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cinematographers represent a group of experts whose professional skills depend to a great extent on their visual perceptual abilities. By the term perceptual professionalization, we emphasize the embodied dynamics of perceptual learning processes that shape the ways in which cinematographers make creative decisions during their daily practices. Novice cinematographers are initiated in film schools and during assisting jobs to a range of technical skills required for working as heads of the camera department in film productions. However, honing one’s perceptual skills as a professional cinematographer is nothing less than a lifelong process. While scientific studies show evidence for behavioral and physiological differences between experts and novices in many different fields, so far no such studies exist between professional cinematographers and novices. As a starting point for studying how cinematographers’ perceptual learning evolves from the level of novice to that of experienced professional, we assumed that the different expertise levels of cinematographers can be observed in the way they view moving images. We then conducted an eye-tracking case study where we identified differences in the gaze patterns between film professionals with different levels of expertise in cinematography during viewing a film trailer. As the experiential heuristics of creative decision-making of professional cinematographers largely rely on the practical skills accumulated in film work, in order to gain access to such knowledge, we also report how involving a practicing cinematographer both in designing the study and in analyzing the results provided us new insights to the topic under scrutiny. Based on our findings, a new study protocol is proposed.","PeriodicalId":253522,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Screen Media Review","volume":"7 9","pages":"172 - 197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward Production Design Metaphor: Implications of Situated Authorship and Meaning-Making 走向生产设计隐喻：情境作者身份和意义生成的影响

Baltic Screen Media Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2023-0003

Katriina Ilmaranta

{"title":"Toward Production Design Metaphor: Implications of Situated Authorship and Meaning-Making","authors":"Katriina Ilmaranta","doi":"10.2478/bsmr-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bsmr-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The task of production design is to create locations where cinematic events occur. Since the subjective experiences of the characters in the film are mainly observable externally, the entire film practice aims to express them through secondary means, for example by design and cinematography. The filmmaker can choose what she brings to the foreground from the character’s experience and what aspects she emphasizes. In the case of production design, it is possible to express metaphorical correlations through the spatialization process of cinematic events while anticipating the embodied situatedness of the camera and the eventual film viewer. The notion of situated authorship is discussed through iconic design examples from Gone With the Wind and The Birds, which have historically shaped the concept of production design practice. In the case study referring to my work as a designer, I intend to evaluate the schemas used in the spatialization process in the context of Embodied Simulation Theory (EST) and Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Here, I propose the idea of a dynamic staging scenario that indicates how cinematic movement – especially the action of the scene and the movement of the camera onset – is considered in spatialization. With the discussion, I conduct a design analysis with which the properties of the space can be evaluated based on the concepts of image schema, primary metaphor, and conceptual metaphor.","PeriodicalId":253522,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Screen Media Review","volume":"548 ","pages":"26 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cinematic Minds in the Making: An Investigation into Subjective and Intersubjective Experiences of Storytelling 制作中的电影思维：对讲故事的主观和主观内体验的研究

Baltic Screen Media Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2023-0001

Pia Tikka, Elen Lotman, Maarten Coëgnarts

引用次数: 0

Embodied Cinematography in Mr. Robot 机器人先生》中的体现式摄影

Baltic Screen Media Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2023-0006

Maria J. Ortiz

引用次数: 0

Affected Stories, Sensed Memories, and Documented Voids 受影响的故事、感知的记忆和记录的空白

Baltic Screen Media Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/bsmr-2023-0002

Carlos Eduardo Lesmes López

{"title":"Affected Stories, Sensed Memories, and Documented Voids","authors":"Carlos Eduardo Lesmes López","doi":"10.2478/bsmr-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/bsmr-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article I will refer to a one-time performance piece called ‘Remember by Erasure’ (Lesmes 2020), which explores the relationship between photographs, memories, and the act of narrating the stories behind those memories and photographs. I put this in dialogue with Sarah Polley’s documentary ‘Stories We Tell’ (2012), which follows the filmmaker as she tries to piece together who her late mother was, through the stories and testimonies of her family members. The performance centered on how the act of telling a story, describing a memory, brings it back to life, while the film follows a cacophony of voices to reconstruct the character of Polley’s mother mixed with different techniques (interviews, archive material, staging) to illustrate memory and how this affects the way in which audiences connect to the film. I understand memory as an embodied experience in a relational and affective contact with the world, one that is constantly being reinterpreted and transformed. Relying on the notion of heterochronicity (Karlholm 2017, Moxey 2018) and the Bergsonian understanding of time, I explore how, in both the film and the performance, memories – or the lack of them – time, and narrative interact with each other. I propose the concept of a negative specter of memory, which refers to the things we can only recognize by their absence, the knowledge of the missing part, only possible because it is gone. A void. My goal is to explore how these ideas can have an impact on the possibilities that film and arts offer as ways to explore the relationship between memories, narratives, time, and their voids.","PeriodicalId":253522,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Screen Media Review","volume":"4 3","pages":"8 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0