自然主义 "范式中的生活经验:在神经inematics 中与专家参与者一起实施经验现象学

Jelena Rosic
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摘要

摘要 在研究神经科学中的主观报告时,由于深度研究方法(第二人称访谈技术和分析)所涉及的方法论复杂性,需要对研究人员进行更多的培训,同时也需要对问题进行认识论上的考虑,因此更容易量化的数据更具有吸引力。神经电影学的一个方法论方向是将神经电影现象的不同领域、电影刺激、相关主观叙述及其神经相关因素作为数据分析中的共同构成部分,从而更好地捕捉观影体验的内在复杂性。本建议以神经现象学的思想为基础,从实用角度探讨神经认知过程与现象学描述之间的关系,从而在自然主义范式中用电影刺激勾勒出一种经验现象学方法。以微现象学方法为指导,即在训练有素的访谈者的指导下进行非幼稚的内省("意识到"),目的是强调获取生活经验的过程,以进行系统的第二人称调查。这种深入的主观报告有可能对参与者与(自由)观影有关的经验进行细致的描述,而不是依赖于天真的自省("只是问一问")或容易量化的评估,后者缺乏复杂性("只是看一看"),而且容易因经验的简化而产生偏差。微观现象学方法的说明通过其框架的方法论要求为经验现象学建立了一个案例,强调了获取和报告经验的非难性及其在神经认知领域的作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Lived Experience in the “Naturalistic” Paradigm: Implementing Empirical Phenomenology with Expert Participants for Neurocinematics
Abstract When studying subjective reports in neuroscience, data that are more easily quantifiable understandably hold more appeal due to the methodological complexities involved with in-depth approaches (second-person interview techniques and analyses) that require extended training of a researcher but also epistemological regard for the problem. A methodological direction for neurocinematics that could better capture the complexities inherent in the experience of film-viewing is to treat distinct domains of the neurocinematic phenomenon, the film stimuli, related subjective accounts, and their neural correlates as co-constitutive in the data analysis. The present proposal outlines an empirical phenomenology approach in the naturalistic paradigm with film stimuli building on the neurophenomenological ideas of pragmatically approaching the relationship between neurocognitive processes and phenomenological accounts. Using the micro-phenomenological method as a guide, i.e. non-naïve introspection (“becoming aware”) with a trained interviewer, the objective is to emphasize the process of accessing lived experiences for systematic second-person investigations. Such in-depth subjective reports have the potential to yield fine-grained descriptions of the participants’ experience related to (free) viewing of films as opposed to relying on naïve introspections (“just ask”) or easily quantifiable assessments that lack complexity (“just look”) and are prone to bias due to the simplification of experience. Building up a case for empirical phenomenology through the methodological demands of its framework, the illustration of the micro-phenomenological method serves to underscore the non-trivial nature of accessing and reporting experience and its role in the neurocognitive domain.
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