Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy最新文献

{"title":"Discussion competence in the structure of modern engineer training","authors":"S. Mikheev","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-1-104-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-1-104-110","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the course of the study we have identified a contradiction consisting, on the one hand, in the increased requirements to the level of communicative training of technical specialists in post-industrial society. On the other hand, there is an almost complete lack of research on the problem of forming a discussion competence of future engineers. Based on the abovementioned, the author has formulated the goal of this paper. It consists in defining the place of the discussion competence in the structure of modern engineer training, caused by the networking and socio-technical transformation of technical activity. Theoretical analysis. The generalization of philosophical and pedagogical approaches to the study of engineering activity (EA) allowed us to classify the functions of a modern engineer according to the nature of the tasks to be solved. The classification revealed that under the influence of networking and socio-technical transformation of engineering activity there is a growing demand for engineers who are ready to implement professional tasks based on socio-technical functions. The correlation between the engineers’ mastery of the discussion competence and the effectiveness of their implementation of sociotechnical functions: design, research, organizational and managerial, was revealed. Conclusion. The study made it possible to draw a general conclusion about the need to distinguish the discussion competence as an independent element in the structure of universal competences and to include discussion training in the curriculum of technical universities in two directions: traditional (offline discussions) and network (online discussions).","PeriodicalId":252065,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129723506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The founder of the Saratov University psychological school S. L. Frank (on the occasion of 145th anniversary of the scientist)","authors":"Alla L. Yuzhaninova","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-1-85-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-1-85-93","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the 145th anniversary of the outstanding philosopher of the 20th century S. L. Frank (28.01.1877–10.12.1950), who preserving the pre–revolutionary traditions of teaching psychology as part of philosophy at the historical and philological faculties of Russian universities, in 1918 for the first time in Saratov began teaching psychology at Saratov University, thus becoming the founder of the regional psychological school. An apologist for philosophical (idealistic) psychology, Frank invited Professor A. A. Krogius (1919), an experimental psychologist known in Europe, to work at the Saratov Department of Philosophy, thereby creating conditions for a versatile psychological education. In the spring of 1919, through Frank’s efforts a philosophical department was opened at Saratov University, which began professional university training of psychologists for the first time in the region. In the autumn of 1919, with Frank’s participation, Saratov psychology was institutionalized for the first time – the Department of Philosophy and Psychology appeared at the university. After Frank’s expulsion from Russia in 1922, his name and works as alien to the Marxist worldview in his homeland began to be hushed up. His merit to Saratov psychology was also consigned to oblivion for a long time. This work was carried out in order to express grateful memory to the founder of the Saratov University Psychological School.","PeriodicalId":252065,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130546430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-psychological and personal characteristics of the manifestation of workaholism","authors":"E. N. Ryadinskaya, V. V. Volobuev","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-1-67-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2023-23-1-67-73","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The most important sphere of a modern person’s life, which takes up a large amount of time, is work activity, which can lead to an inability to fully devote time to communicating with loved ones and avoiding one’s own unresolved life and psychological problems. Theoretical analysis. An analysis of works in the field of workaholism studies shows that more attention is paid to this problem abroad than in Russia. However, the available studies in the domestic scientific space indicate the tendency of the Russian-speaking population to the risk of developing workaholism. Еmpirical analysis. The study of socio-psychological and personal factors of workaholism revealed that a significant part of the subjects can be attributed to «forced» workaholics who do not seek to «go to work» for various reasons, but they have to work hard. On the basis of a hierarchical set of studied socio-psychological and personal factors of workaholism, a portrait of a «true» workaholic was modeled, where such radicals as: «the desire for public approval», «anxiety», and «the need for a sense of self-worth» are the most pronounced. Conclusion. Analysis and generalization of the results made it possible to identify true and forced workaholics and, on the basis of correlation analysis, to build an “ideal” psychological profile of a workaholic, including a set of socio-psychological and personal characteristics of the manifestation of workaholism in the hierarchical sequence of its radicals. A promising direction for further research is the construction of multifactorial models of the relationship between the value of the indicator of labor dependence, socio-psychological factors and personal characteristics, on the basis of which it is supposed to develop a formula for calculating predisposition to workaholism.","PeriodicalId":252065,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122986500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quo vadis, Homo spiritualis?","authors":"Olga B. Vorobeva","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-363-367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-363-367","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Where are you going, spiritual man? – humanity has been facing this question since antiquity, when Christian culture was an alternative to sacred teachings. Modern society in recent “pandemic” years, against the background of a stable state of traditional religiosity, has shown an explosive interest in esotericism. Theoretical analysis. The ontological approach to the phenomenon of the esoteric tradition made it possible to show its dialectical nature: sacred teachings contained values that could serve as the basis for the spirituality of society or one of the reasons for its cultural decadence. The syncretism of mythological and mass consciousness allows esoteric culture to remain the constant of society. The socio-philosophical analysis of the functional features of myth-thinking made it possible to discover a platform for stable positions of existence in the universal culture of the esoteric tradition. Conclusion. Today, the existence of esotericism in human practice is at a bifurcation point, where some values are actively filling the intellectually elitist trend in the development of culture, while others are being redirected into the ordinary form of presence in society. Aspects of myth-thinking are systematized, thanks to which the esoteric tradition ensures its functional stability in society.","PeriodicalId":252065,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117100294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the characteristics of social adaptation and the formation of social skills in younger students from socially advantaged families and families “at-risk groups”","authors":"N. Romanova, Marina V. Chernova","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-433-440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-433-440","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The modern Russian education system is dominated by the attitude to consider non-adaptive aspects of the child’s behavior in the context of the problem. Meanwhile, it can be presented in a different way: in the aspect of insufficient development of certain social skills in a child. It is important to diagnose the presence of these shortcomings and resolve them at primary school age. Of particular relevance is the study of the social skills of children from dysfunctional families and families of the “risk group”. Theoretical analysis. In theoretical terms, the behavioral and psychological problems of younger students are considered in the context of insufficient development of their social skills. Mastering the latter, teaching correct behavior, we regard as a way to resolve the problems that a child has. Empirical analysis. The paper summarizes the results of an empirical study of the characteristics of social adaptation, the structure and level of formation of social skills of younger schoolchildren (N = 65), from families of the “risk group” (M = 8.65 years; N = 31) and children from socially well-off families (M = 9.81 years; N = 34). Social skills were studied using B. Furman’s methodology; features of the child’s socio-psychological adaptation – using the methodology of E. M. Aleksandrovskaya. Conclusion. Statistically significant differences were revealed in terms of indicators of social adaptation (goal-setting, moral and ethical readiness, behavior outside the classroom, relationships with classmates, attitude towards the teacher, emotional well-being) and indicators of the formation of a number of individual social skills of children from families of the “risk group” and children of the control group. The similarity of indicators of general group skills in two groups of younger schoolchildren was found. The applied aspect of the problem under study is related to the possibility of using the results in the development of psychological work programs with younger students.","PeriodicalId":252065,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130199502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Philosophical faith” and mystical experience: Convergence and divergence","authors":"Y. M. Duplinskya, V. A. Friauf","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-368-372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-368-372","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The common version that mystical experience reveals the deep unity of religious traditions, hiding behind the external facade of their differences, seems controversial. Theoretical analysis. It is justified that the similarity between different traditions of mysticism does not express the quintessence of religiosity, as such, but only convergence in a certain phase of the evolution of religions. Mysticism is compared with the entry of religion into the phenomenological phase of development. Mysticism, like philosophical phenomenology, is turned to the experience of consciousness. Phenomenology forms the common space of meeting for mystical experience and the experience of philosophical faith. Phenomenological experience is similar to the “energy minimum” of mystical states. Like the state of heat death in thermodynamics, this is a kind of common denominator, at which all mystical traditions are aimed in the process of devolution, and then desacralization. After the mystical-phenomenological phase, religious consciousness is reoriented from the phenomenological Presence to the eschatological Coming. Here the trajectories of divergence are again indicated. Conclusion. From the standpoint of Orthodox ascetics, the philosophical faith, as a phenomenological version of mysticism, is insufficient, because it is associated only with a change in consciousness. The true experience of God’s message in Christianity requires the transformation of everything - including the flesh of human nature.","PeriodicalId":252065,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123068522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes towards artificial intelligence, anxiety and openness to experience","authors":"M. Yasin","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-449-453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-449-453","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Information technology (IT) and artificial intelligence (AI) have become an integral part of our daily reality. However, psychological studies of the interaction between humans and computer systems remain very one-sided, covering mainly the “problem” side – threats, addictions, destruction of natural communication. The interaction of people with IT will continue developing, and the demand for information about the contact of the mind with technology will increase as this contact becomes more complicated. Theoretical analysis. Based on the image of AI in mind of young people as “the most useful and the most dangerous”, we set the goal to study whether there are links between subjectively perceived danger from AI, personal anxiety and openness to experience. Empirical analysis. The hypothesis was tested using a quasi-experiment. Data collected using author’s questionnaire and two psychological scales. The sample was 83 students. As a result, we obtained a positive weak significant relationship between subjectively perceived danger from IT and general anxiety (r = 0.32, p < 0.005). To show no relationship between subjectively perceived danger and openness to experience (r = 0.22, p < 0.25). Conclusion. The results suggest that anxiety about AI threats is more common in people with high overall anxiety, but not with low openness to experience.","PeriodicalId":252065,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131134811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The war and the crisis of the global pseudo-liberal civilizational project","authors":"V. Rozhkov","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-398-402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-398-402","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. War in the nuclear age regardless on the options of limited or local nuclear military conflict represents the apogee of the global crisis of humanity. Theoretical analysis. The purpose of the article is to identify the signs and prerequisites of the crisis of the global liberal civilizational project. The novelty of the research is manifested in the author's argumentation of the relationship of the philosophy of the war of western rationalism with pseudo-liberal modeling of modern civilizational dynamics. In the process of problem research the principle of historicism, socio-cultural approach and methods of critical philosophical reflection are used. The author proves that the key feature of the pseudo-liberal metamorphosis is the orientation of the political strategy of the ruling circles of the United States to achieve the status of a \"hegemon country\". This practically means abandoning the democratic principle in constructing a polycentric model of the world order. Conclusion. The prerequisite for such a conceptual revolution is the discrepancy between the liberal idea of freedom and the democratic demands of equality, which gave rise to contradictions in the concept of \"freedom in inequality\". The consequence of this divergence of liberalism and democracy is characterized by the transition from dialogue to war as the priority way of solving political problems. The article consistently highlights the theoretical and moral prerequisites for the transformation of a civilizational project into a pseudo-liberal one.","PeriodicalId":252065,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123197375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of memory in the social recognition mechanism","authors":"Valeria A. Kopaneva","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-382-387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-382-387","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This article examines the role of memory in communication between people, as well as in such a process as recognition. No communication is feasible without the primary recognition of one subject by the other. Recognition is a way of holding a subject in memory through the connection of the less significant with the more significant. Accordingly, recognition becomes social not when it has occurred, but after it has been fixed. Theoretical analysis. The hypothesis proposed is the idea of fixation, which refers to the fact that recognition implies distance in time: it is possible to determine whether or not recognition has actually taken place post factum through reflection on experience. Thus, memory ensures the preservation of recognition. A number of conditions are necessary for recognition to occur at the level of memory: novelty, duration of exposure, reinforcement of value, contrast, eventfulness, emotional background, actualization, narrativity. Conclusion. The problems of oblivion, which also affect the mechanism of recognition, have been considered. Oblivion creates a deficit of material for recognition, which becomes difficult due to the lack of sufficient information. Memory helps to connect disparate elements into a system and thus enables recognition to take place, since it is a condition for the construction of a semiotic reality.","PeriodicalId":252065,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125152636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Madness in the discourse of the “Other” in the contemporary philosophy","authors":"Anastasia N. Atyaskina","doi":"10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-358-362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2022-22-4-358-362","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This paper considers madness as a metahistorical category of culture as well as an excluded language in Western European culture that exists despite the language code. To determine the status of madness in the contemporary philosophy the author analyses the way it functions in the discourse of “the other”. Theoretical analysis. The exclusion of madness from the context of philosophical research occurred due to such various markers changing from era to era as a lie, delusion, nonsense, buffoonery, and finally the dysfunction of the mind completed by Pinel’s reform. The definition of madness as a forbidden language comes from two theses: 1) mental disorders result from biological, not socio-psychological problems; 2) madness and a mental disorder are not two different configurations, they have organic nature that is to be neutralized in terms of pharmacology and defined in terms of behavioral deviations, and that excludes subjective and nonphysical suffering. Conclusion. The research relevance is obvious because modern aesthetics and philosophy with the cultural model of insanity as a core concept need further elaborating. The duality of the subject of psychiatry concerning the human personality implies that this component must be taken into account apart from exclusively natural-scientific studies.","PeriodicalId":252065,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132503504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}