Atmospheric Environment最新文献

{"title":"Ozone variability and the impacts of associated synoptic patterns over China during summer 2016–2020 based on a regional atmospheric composition reanalysis dataset","authors":"Xingxia Kou ,&nbsp;Zhen Peng ,&nbsp;Yi Gao ,&nbsp;Xiao Han ,&nbsp;Meigen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ozone (O₃) pollution, which not only depends on emissions but is also closely related to prevailing meteorological conditions, is a major concern in China. In the context of China's emission controls imposed during the 13th Five-Year Plan, the variations of synoptic circulations and associated summertime O₃ variations were investigated during 2016–2020. Different from the common use in previous studies of observations and numerical models, a regional atmospheric composition reanalysis dataset at a refined spatial (45 km) and temporal (1 h) resolution was applied here, in which O₃ and its major precursors, emissions, and meteorology were jointly assimilated to reduce the impacts of uncertainty. With this continuous and optimal dataset, the impacts of regional synoptic variations on O₃ interannual variability were explored through an objective circulation classification approach during 2016–2020 over China. On the one hand, from the perspective of O₃ variability, increasing trends of O₃ levels were detected. Compared to the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), and Sichuan Basin (SCB) with less summer pollution, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) and Fenwei Plain (FWP) regions had more severe summer O₃ pollution with the frequency of days exceeding Grade 3 tends to be around 50%. On the other hand, from the perspective of O₃ variability driven by meteorological conditions, obvious interannual variations of synoptic circulation patterns occurred, and about half of type C occurrences were accompanied by O₃ pollution episodes in BTH and FWP (i.e., 52.73% and 45.65%), while far fewer pollution episodes occurred with type C in YRD and PRD (i.e., 2.78% and 0.59%). In addition, according to the quantitative assessment of the meteorological contribution, the contribution of interannual variations of synoptic circulations to changing the O₃ variability amounted to 13%–31% in BTH, YRD, PRD, FWP, and SCB. Therefore, the interannual variability of O₃ from 2016 to 2020 over China was closely linked with the regulations of O₃ precursors. This work provides an understanding of O₃ variation under the impacts of emission regulations and meteorological conditions over China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 120919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct measurement of the growth of small particles in ambient air using captive aerosol chambers","authors":"Zihan Zhu ,&nbsp;Xuanlin Du ,&nbsp;Don R. Collins","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formation and growth of particles influence the solar radiation budget and the microphysics and properties of clouds. Quantifying the rate at which atmospheric particles grow and understanding the meteorological and chemical controls of that growth are challenging because observations at a fixed location represent a convolution of changes resulting from atmospheric processing and those reflecting the time-varying origin and history of the sampled air. The dual-chamber Captive Aerosol Growth and Evolution (CAGE) chamber system was developed to study particle growth in different environments. Inside the chambers, controlled populations of particles are exposed to an environment in which the air composition and solar intensity track those just outside. Here we present results from the use of the CAGE chamber system at the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) site over two months in the fall of 2021. Both chambers were operated continuously, with monodisperse seed particles injected every several hours and then intermittently measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer. The time dependence of the growth rate measured throughout the study is quantified. The sensitivity of particle growth to the liquid water content of injected seed particles and to the addition of precursor gases was studied by using one chamber as a reference or control and the other as a perturbation chamber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 120915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of oil and gas activities on ambient hydrocarbon concentrations in North Texas: A retrospective analysis from 2000 to 2022","authors":"Jithin Kanayankottupoyil,&nbsp;Kuruvilla John","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past two decades, significant advancements in shale gas extraction technologies have led to a vast increase in oil and gas production in the Barnett Shale region of North Texas. This study provides a detailed analysis of the trends in air pollutants, such as total nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), linked to oil and gas production changes in the Barnett shale region from 2000 to 2022. The analysis spans urban (Dallas - DAL), semi-urban (Fort Worth - FWNW), and non-urban (Denton - DEN) ambient air quality monitoring sites operated by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ), highlighting how varying levels of urbanization and industrial activities influence air quality. DEN recorded the highest NMHC concentrations at an average of 210.27 ppb-C, significantly exceeding those at FWNW (83.14 ppb-C) and DAL (62.50 ppb-C). Alkanes were the predominant NMHCs across all sites, forming 96% at DEN, 89% at FWNW, and 67% at DAL. The i/n-pentane ratio at DEN suggests oil and gas activities as the main NMHC source, whereas DAL, and FWNW indicate substantial influences from urban traffic alongside industrial emissions. NMHC concentrations at DEN and FWNW correlated strongly with gas and condensate production, demonstrating a shift from condensate to gas over the study period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 120907"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decline of soil volatile organic compounds from a Mediterranean deciduous forest under a future drier climate","authors":"T. Legros ,&nbsp;B. Temime-Roussel ,&nbsp;J. Kammer ,&nbsp;E. Quivet ,&nbsp;H. Wortham ,&nbsp;I.M. Reiter ,&nbsp;M. Santonja ,&nbsp;C. Fernandez ,&nbsp;E. Ormeño","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are crucial for ecosystem functioning, atmospheric chemistry and climate. While modulation of BVOC emissions from living vegetation with biotic and abiotic factors is well documented, how these factors drive soil BVOC emissions remain less understood, particularly in Mediterranean forests. To fill this gap, this pioneer study investigates whether BVOC fluxes from natural soil covered by litter (referred to as forest soil) vary under natural and amplified long-term water stress (35% annual rain exclusion over the past 10 years) in a deciduous oak Mediterranean forest (<em>Quercus pubescens</em> Willd.) compared to natural climate conditions. This aim has only been tackled in a single evergreen Mediterranean forest so far. Using proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) we also provide, for the first time, a detailed diurnal cycle of soil BVOCs in relation to air temperature, air humidity, and biotic factors including soil respiration and litter content in lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The main results revealed that forest soil represents a source of most BVOCs (e.g., acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, hexanol, monoterpenes) with maximum values at mid-day (42 μgC.m⁻². h⁻¹) in response to higher temperatures while it acts as a clear sink of isoprene. Total soil BVOC emission rates, together with soil respiration, decreased by 43% after a decade of partial rain restriction. These results will contribute to enhance further modeling of soil BVOC emissions under various climate scenarios both at regional and global scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 120909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant annual variations of firework-impacted aerosols in Northeast China: Implications for rethinking the firework bans","authors":"Yuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Ying-jie Zhong ,&nbsp;Jiu-meng Liu ,&nbsp;Xu-bing Cao ,&nbsp;Ke-bin He","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fireworks are banned in many Chinese cities but never eliminated, reflecting strong public demand on this traditional activity for festival celebrations. On the other hand, the assessment of firework contributions to air pollution remains vague, raising concerns on the necessity of the mandatory bans. Here we investigated the characteristics of firework episodes in a megacity in Northeast China, based on field campaigns conducted in four successive winters during 2018–2022. Although prohibited, the firework influences remained evident during the Chinese New Year periods, as suggested by the enhancements of water-soluble potassium (K⁺). In addition, significant annual variations were identified for the firework episodes, with the following features observed. First, the firework-induced enrichment ratios of K⁺ and chloride exhibited increasing trends across years, climbing from 4.4 to 8.6 and from 1.7 to 2.9, respectively. Second, the enrichment ratio of sulfate dropped from 2.8 to 1.6, indicating that the firework contributions to sulfate decreased but remained considerable. Third, fireworks turned into an unimportant source for organic carbon and nitrate in the most recent winter of 2021–2022, with enrichment ratios of ∼1 for both species. Fourth, the firework-driven increases in fine particle concentration were as high as ∼100% for the two winters during 2019–2021, whereas the increase dropped sharply to ∼30% for 2021–2022. These variations were in line with the promotion of environmentally friendly fireworks. Our results indicated that the air pollution caused by fireworks could be reduced substantially by advanced manufacturing technologies and thus it is time to rethink the firework bans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 120914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of Chinese new year on air quality in north China based on machine learning","authors":"Yuchao Ren,&nbsp;Guoqiang Wang,&nbsp;Qingzhu Zhang,&nbsp;Chenliang Tao,&nbsp;Shuping Ji,&nbsp;Qiao Wang,&nbsp;Wenxing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reduced economic and social activities during the Chinese New Year offer a unique opportunity to assess declines in anthropogenic emissions. However, limited research quantifies changes in PM_2.5, NO₂, and O₃ concentrations during this period while accounting for meteorological conditions. This study utilized machine learning and the Time Warping-based K-Means method to evaluate the effectiveness of firework bans, the impact of emission reductions on pollutants during the Chinese New Year holiday, and the influence of meteorological conditions on pollutant concentrations during this period. Our findings reveal a significant reduction in emissions, with PM_2.5 and NO₂ concentrations decreasing by up to 24.76% and 33.39%, respectively, while O₃ concentrations increased by up to 45%. Regions without firework bans saw peak PM_2.5 levels on New Year's Eve. The ban has been effective, though signs of relaxation appeared in 2023. It is worth noting that pollution during the 2018 Chinese New Year holiday was more severe than before the holiday because the meteorological conditions before the holiday were favorable for pollutant dispersion, while unfavorable meteorological conditions during the holiday masked the emission reductions that occurred due to the holiday period. These results emphasize the significant role of meteorological conditions and the need for stricter emission controls beyond traffic restrictions or factory shutdowns to mitigate haze pollution during adverse weather.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 120874"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the ultra-low emission zone on PM2.5 concentration in Seoul, South Korea","authors":"Dongkyu Park ,&nbsp;Byung In Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As studies regarding the positive effect of Low Emission Zones (LEZs) and people's risk perception about air pollution have increased, more powerful and specific traffic regulation policies have been required. London is the first city in the world to implement an Ultra-low Emission Zone (ULEZ) in addition to the existing LEZ. Benchmarking London's ULEZ, a ULEZ policy was implemented in Seoul, South Korea on December 1, 2019. The goal of the policy is to improve air quality by prohibiting entry of vehicles registered nationwide into Seoul's ULEZ that do not meet a specific emission standard including diesel, gasoline, and LPG fuel-based vehicles. This study analyzed the effect of Seoul's ULEZ policy on the five major atmospheric pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, SO2, O3) concentration in the zone, particularly focusing on PM2.5 concentration. The analysis employs Difference-in-Differences (DD) approach, comparing data from one year before and after the policy's implementation on December 1, 2019. The findings indicate that Seoul's ULEZ policy resulted in a 9.8% increase in PM2.5 concentrations. Conversely, the policy led to reductions in PM10, NO2, CO, and SO2 concentrations by 12.0%, 17.3%, 5.9%, and 10.8%, respectively, while the effect on O3 was statistically insignificant. These empirical results suggest that the ULEZ may need to incorporate more stringent emission standards, expand its coverage, or introduce additional measures to address the unintended increase in PM2.5 concentration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 120908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous photochemical aging of water-soluble smoke particles from crop straws burning","authors":"Zhaolian Ye ,&nbsp;Dandan Hu ,&nbsp;Zixuan Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Xinlei Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most aqueous oxidation studies focus on single model precursors, while the photochemical aging of actual water soluble organic matter (WSOM) in particles emitted from biomass burning remains poorly understood. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was first used to analyze the WSOM in smoke particles emitted from three crop straws burning. The results show that the dominant WSOM in three crop straws (CS) smoke are phenolic substances with small differences. Aqueous photochemical aging of WSOM in CS smoke was investigated under simulated sunlight exposure. High-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-AMS) analyzed aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA) and it was found that the oxidation degree of aqSOA increased with prolonged aging. No obvious increase in the abundance of N-containing organic ions was observed over the course of aqueous aging. As aqueous aging progresses, the pH of the solution gradually decreases, accompanied by the continuous generation of organic acids. Studies on dithiothreitol (DTT) activity indicate that the impact of aqueous photochemical aging on health is not significant.</div><div>The solution after photoaging shows relatively lower light absorption ability than the initial solution. The aqueous photochemical aging also led to a gradual reduction of fluorescence at excitation/emission = 250–260 nm/350 nm (protein-like substances) for CS smoke WSOM, suggesting the significant degradation of chromophores. However, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) revealed that aqueous aged CS smoke WSOM contains compounds with high humification index, confirming that the fluorophore composition is altered by aqueous aging. The humic-like substance (HULIS) concentration increased for the first 3 h and then decreased, closely matching the pattern of a new fluorescence peak. Finally, GC/MS analysis of the products indicated that there was obvious decline in proportion of methoxyphenol. The results of this study are important for understanding the aqueous-phase oxidation reactions of CS smoke WSOM in the atmosphere and their light-absorption characteristics and health impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 120897"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nighttime chemistry of furanoids and terpenes: Temperature dependent kinetics with NO3 radicals and insights into the reaction mechanism","authors":"Fatima Al Ali ,&nbsp;Vincent Gaudion ,&nbsp;Alexandre Tomas ,&nbsp;Nicolas Houzel ,&nbsp;Cécile Cœur ,&nbsp;Manolis N. Romanias","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120898","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this study, the gas phase reaction of NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; radical with three furanoids, furan (F), 2-methylfuran (2-MF) and 2,5-dimethylfuran (2,5-DMF) were investigated using a relative rate method in a temperature regulated atmospheric simulation chamber (THALAMOS). As part of this study, the temperature dependence of two monoterpenes, α-pinene (α-P) and 2-carene (2-C), that were used as reference molecules, is also reported. The kinetic measurements were performed in the range of 263–373 K, atmospheric pressure using zero air as bath gas. The reaction was followed using Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) to monitor in real time the mixing ratios of the investigated species. The corresponding Arrhenius expressions obtained were:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;α&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;263&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;378&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1.32&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0.16&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;12&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;462&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;70&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;cm&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;molecule&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;‐&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;1&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;‐&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;296&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mo&gt;–&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mn&gt;433&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8.77&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;71&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;13&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;904&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;96&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;cm&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;molecule&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;‐&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;1&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;‐&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;1&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;F&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;263&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;353&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;mi&gt;K&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7.55&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;96&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;13&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;254&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;79&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;cm&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;molecule&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;‐&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;1&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;‐&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;1&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 120898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating uncertainties in air quality models used in GMAP/SIJAQ 2021 field campaign: General performance of different models and ensemble results","authors":"Yesol Cha ,&nbsp;Jong-Jae Lee ,&nbsp;Chul Han Song ,&nbsp;Soontae Kim ,&nbsp;Rokjin J. Park ,&nbsp;Myong-In Lee ,&nbsp;Jung-Hun Woo ,&nbsp;Jae-Ho Choi ,&nbsp;Kangho Bae ,&nbsp;Jinhyeok Yu ,&nbsp;Eunhye Kim ,&nbsp;Hyeonmin Kim ,&nbsp;Seung-Hee Lee ,&nbsp;Jinseok Kim ,&nbsp;Lim-Seok Chang ,&nbsp;Kwon-ho Jeon ,&nbsp;Chang-Keun Song","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The international field campaign, GMAP/SIJAQ 2021, was conducted in Korea from October 18th to November 25th to enhance the performance and validation of the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) products algorithm and obtain a better understanding of the current air pollution status of the Korean Peninsula. Five chemical transport models (CTMs), including CMAQ, CMAQ-GIST, CAMx, WRF-Chem, and WRF GEOS-Chem, were utilized during the campaign to assist in organizing the observation plan and identifying changes in pollutant concentrations and their spatiotemporal distribution in Korea following the Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) 2016. In this study, we evaluated the forecasting performance, strengths, and limitations of these five CTMs and their ensemble in simulating air quality. Intensive measurement data and intercomparisons were employed to explain discrepancies between observed and simulated results. A comparison of the CTM ensemble results for PM_2.5 and various gaseous pollutants between the current GMAP/SIJAQ 2021 and previous KORUS-AQ 2016 campaigns showed the R-value for the total mass PM_2.5 concentration increased from 0.88 to 0.94. This improvement is related to CTM updates, including the emission inventory and better reproductions of the concentrations of gaseous species. However, the models consistently underestimated carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, similar to the results from KORUS-AQ. This finding still suggests a further challenge that requires consideration of missing anthropogenic sources. The results of the ensemble model agreed well with the chemical composition of PM_2.5 observed at the intensive monitoring station. However, for NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺, discrepancies were primarily due to inaccuracies in the meteorological inputs, such as precipitation, relative humidity (RH), and nighttime planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) in the CTMs. Hence, all models overestimated the concentration of elemental carbon (EC), therefore, it is necessary to revise EC emissions in the SIJAQv2 inventory, as these apply to unusual levels recorded in Seoul during the reference year of 2018.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"340 ","pages":"Article 120896"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}