{"title":"A Data Fusion Formulation for Decentralized Estimation Predictions under Communications Uncertainty","authors":"Todd W. Martin, Kuo-Chu Chang","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301707","url":null,"abstract":"Uncertainty in communication channel characteristics is a significant factor for data fusion operations in wireless networks. Burst and random errors, message delays, user mobility, and link outages are significant factors that influence data fusion performance. These factors become even more significant in future mobile ad hoc networking environments. To date, however, those factors are not sufficiently addressed by formulations used for modeling and predicting data fusion performance. A stochastic-based fusion formulation that incorporates the effects of non-deterministic behaviors and stochastic communications characteristics is developed and proposed as a method for predicting estimation capabilities. The resulting stochastic fusion equations enable decentralized estimation capabilities to be evaluated in communication networks having non-idealized channel characteristics and ad hoc connectivity. The method is implemented in a simulation model for decentralized estimation in networks with time-varying ad hoc connectivity. The simulation results demonstrate the ability to closely predict expected fusion performance while greatly reducing model complexity and simulation time relative to current techniques. Those findings demonstrate the efficacy of a stochastic fusion formulation for prediction, and extending the approach to a wider range of data fusion domains and techniques is recommended","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126982615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geo-spatial Tactical Decision Aid systems: fuzzy logic for supporting decision making","authors":"R. Grasso, S. Giannecchini","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301754","url":null,"abstract":"Tactical decision aid systems support the military or civilian operation planning process providing the decisional authorities with a simplified view of the environmental conditions over a theatre of operations. Methods for multi-source data fusion and support for disseminating and managing geospatial data are key factors for a successful system implementation. This paper describes a tactical decision aid system based on fuzzy logic reasoning for data fusion and on current open geospatial consortium specifications for interoperability, data dissemination and geo-spatial services support. Results from system implementation tests during live exercises are reported and discussed showing the flexibility and reliability of the proposed architecture. Future directions are provided and discussed as well, including web processing services, context fuzzy reasoning and group decision making","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121356176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fusion of Information for Sensor Self-Localization by a Monte Carlo Method","authors":"M. Vemula, M. Bugallo, P. Djurić","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301709","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a distributed algorithm for sensor localization using beacon nodes. In this algorithm, beacon nodes broadcast distributions which contain information about their location. Nearby sensor nodes with unknown location information use this transmitted information and received beacon signal characteristics to estimate their positions. Sensors that estimate their positions become new beacons. A Monte Carlo method known as importance sampling is used for fusing these distributions and for obtaining approximations of the posterior distributions of the sensor locations. We also compute the Bayesian Cramer-Rao bounds for self-localization of sensors and study the impact of the beacons' prior location information and other system parameters. We analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm through computer simulations and compare it with numerically obtained bounds","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125472327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bandwidth-Efficient Target Tracking In Distributed Sensor Networks Using Particle Filters","authors":"Long Zuo, K. Mehrotra, P. Varshney, C. Mohan","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301692","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the problem tracking a moving target in a multisensor environment using distributed particle filters (DPFs). Particle filters have a great potential for solving highly nonlinear and non-Gaussian estimation problems, in which the traditional Kalman filter (KF) and extended Kalman filter (EKF) generally fail. How ever, in a sensor network, the implementation of distributed particle filters requires huge communications between local sensor nodes and the fusion center. To make the DPF approach feasible for real time processing and to reduce communication requirements, we approximate a posteriori distribution obtained from the local particle filters by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). We propose a modified EM algorithm to estimate the parameters of GMMs obtained locally. These parameters are transmitted to the fusion center where the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) is used for fusion. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126529130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Registration of Digital Images","authors":"A. D. Mastio, V. Cappellini","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301619","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few years, the cultural heritage field has posed its attention over image processing techniques, in particular for the diagnostic of art works. Many different images of the same painting are taken, in different parts of the light spectrum; these different images have to be fused together, to get an augmented image showing much more details and information which are only visible in some sub-parts of the spectrum singularly. In this paper, we pose the attention over the compulsory step accomplished just before the \"fusion\" of such images, i.e. the registration step; in particular, we present an automatic registration technique, based on the computation of mutual information. By means of the registration, it is possible to exactly align the different images, which is the preliminary step to obtain a useful and correct augmented image. These techniques can be also applied to other areas, and in particular to remote sensing images","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"1 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121016007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validation Gating for Non-Linear Non-Gaussian Target Tracking","authors":"T. Bailey, B. Upcroft, H. Durrant-Whyte","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301597","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a general theory of validation gating for non-linear non-Gaussian models. Validation gates are used in target tracking to cull very unlikely measurement-to-track associations, before remaining association ambiguities are handled by a more comprehensive (and expensive) data association scheme. The essential property of a gate is to accept a high percentage of correct associations, thus maximising track accuracy, but provide a sufficiently tight bound to minimise the number of ambiguous associations. For linear Gaussian systems, the ellipsoidal validation gate is standard, and possesses the statistical property whereby a given threshold will accept a certain percentage of true associations. This property does not hold for non-linear non-Gaussian models. As a system departs from linear-Gaussian, the ellipsoid gate tends to reject a higher than expected proportion of correct associations and permit an excess of false ones. In this paper, the concept of the ellipsoidal gate is extended to permit correct statistics for the non-linear non-Gaussian case. The new gate is demonstrated by a bearing-only tracking example","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127354720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. D. Dixon, Jian Li, J. Noyes, T. Troscianko, S. G. Nikolov, J. Lewis, E. Canga, D. Bull, C. N. Canagarajah
{"title":"Scanpath Analysis of Fused Multi-Sensor Images with Luminance Change: A Pilot Study","authors":"T. D. Dixon, Jian Li, J. Noyes, T. Troscianko, S. G. Nikolov, J. Lewis, E. Canga, D. Bull, C. N. Canagarajah","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301570","url":null,"abstract":"Image fusion is the process of combining images of differing modalities, such as visible and infrared (IR) images. Significant work has recently been carried out comparing methods of fused image assessment, with findings strongly suggesting that a task-centred approach would be beneficial to the assessment process. The current paper reports a pilot study analysing eye movements of participants involved in four tasks. The first and second tasks involved tracking a human figure wearing camouflage clothing walking through thick undergrowth at light and dark luminance levels, whilst the third and fourth task required tracking an individual in a crowd, again at two luminance levels. Participants were shown the original visible and IR images individually, pixel-averaged, contrast pyramid, and dual-tree complex wavelet fused video sequences. They viewed each display and sequence three times to compare inter-subject scanpath variability. This paper describes the initial analysis of the eye-tracking data gathered from the pilot study. These were also compared with computational metric assessment of the image sequences","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114912001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Giompapa, A. Farina, F. Gini, A. Graziano, R. D. Stefano
{"title":"A Model for a Human Decision-Maker in a Command and Control Radar System: Surveillance Tracking of Multiple Targets","authors":"S. Giompapa, A. Farina, F. Gini, A. Graziano, R. D. Stefano","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301626","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a deterministic approach to the problem of modelling the human behaviour in a command and control radar system and it considers the fusion of information between the operator and the system. The implementation and the results of a case study are presented where a human operator performs a tracking operation of multiple targets in a sea region. The mission performed by the operator is the surveillance of a coast area and the selection of a system action against possible threat targets, in order to check their identity. An analytical model of human memory has been investigated where the human decision maker is represented as a subsystem involved with two operational blocks, corresponding to the situation assessment process and the response selection process that he performs. The operator performance is evaluated by mean of his error probability in these two processes","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114928659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genshe Chen, Dan Shen, C. Kwan, J. B. Cruz, M. Kruger, E. Blasch
{"title":"Game Theoretic Approach to Threat Prediction and Situation Awareness","authors":"Genshe Chen, Dan Shen, C. Kwan, J. B. Cruz, M. Kruger, E. Blasch","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301670","url":null,"abstract":"The strategy of data fusion has been applied in threat prediction and situation awareness and the terminology has been standardized by the Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) in the form of a so-called JDL data fusion model, which currently called DFIG model. Higher levels of the DFIG model call for prediction of future development and awareness of the development of a situation. It is known that Bayesian network is an insightful approach to determine optimal strategies against asymmetric adversarial opponent. However, it lacks the essential adversarial decision processes perspective. In this paper, a highly innovative data-fusion framework for asymmetric-threat detection and prediction based on advanced knowledge infrastructure and stochastic (Markov) game theory is proposed. In particular, asymmetric and adaptive threats are detected and grouped by intelligent agent and hierarchical entity aggregation in level 2 and their intents are predicted by a decentralized Markov (stochastic) game model with deception in level 3. We have verified that our proposed algorithms are scalable, stable, and perform satisfactorily according to the situation awareness performance metric","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133694816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Continuous Behaviour Knowledge Space For Semantic Indexing of Video Content","authors":"F. Souvannavong, B. Huet","doi":"10.1109/ICIF.2006.301568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIF.2006.301568","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce a new method for fusing classifier outputs. It is inspired from the behavior knowledge space model with the extra ability to work on continuous input values. This property allows to deal with heterogeneous classifiers and in particular it does not require to make any decision at the classifier level. We propose to build a set of units, defining a knowledge space, with respect to classifier output spaces. A new sample is then classified with respect to the unit it belongs to and some statistics computed on each unit. Several methods to create cells and make the final decision are proposed and compared to k-nearest neighbor and decision tree schemas. The evaluation is conducted on the task of video content retrieval which will reveal the efficiency of our approach","PeriodicalId":248061,"journal":{"name":"2006 9th International Conference on Information Fusion","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133683225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}