Ethnic History of European Nations最新文献

{"title":"ICONS OF THE MOTHER OF GOD IN THE CULTURAL HERITAGE SPACE OF ROME","authors":"Iryna Hnidyk","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2022.68.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.68.02","url":null,"abstract":"The images of the Mother of God in Italy represent a significant part of the cultural heritage of European and world sacred art and icon painting of various chronological periods and stylistic features. A special place in this dimension belongs to the icons of the Mother of God in Rome. Ever since the first centuries, images of the Virgin have been represented in the paintings of the Roman catacombs. The iconographic heritage of Rome represents different periods and a unique interweaving of styles. Over the centuries, ancient icons of the Mother of God have been kept in Rome, made both in the technique of encaustic, tempera, and later in oil painting. Many images of the Mother of God in Rome represent the original samples of the Byzantine style of icon painting of various origins and the works of masters of the Italian artistic environment at the intersection of Western and Eastern artistic styles. A significant number of these icons are crowned and have the status of miraculous. Some of the most ancient and famous icons of the Mother of God in Rome are «Salus Populi Romani», «Madonna del Conforto», «Madonna Avvocata», «Madonna della Clemenza», «Madre del Perpetuo Soccorso», «Santa Maria del Popolo», «Madonna della Catena», «La Madonna dei Martiri» and others. Common iconographic types are Hodegetria, Agiosoritissa, Kyriotissa, Galaktotrofusa, etc. Often, these icons have several Italian-language names, which must be considered when choosing methodological tools for historiographical analysis. The article provides a general overview of the heritage of the icons of the Mother of God in Rome based on the most famous of them. English-language and Italian-language historiography was analyzed to model further relevant research directions in developing this topic by modern specialists in an interdisciplinary context. It is emphasized that in the churches of Rome, there are still many less-known and less-researched icons of the Mother of God, particularly in terms of stylistic features and painting techniques. Their detailed study and analysis of sources can effectively fill this niche in historiography and become an interesting topic for modern interdisciplinary research in the field of history, icon painting, art, restoration, and cultural heritage, as well as the basis of original concepts for exhibitions, photo catalogs, new excursion routes, etc.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"662 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115123171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic Russians in Service in the Military SS Formations of Nazi Germany (1941–1945)","authors":"Serhii Pyvovar","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2021.65.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2021.65.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines an important, but little-studied in historical science, problem of cooperation of ethnic Russians with the Nazi military-political organization of the SS during the German-Soviet war of 1941–1945. The essence, content and forms of Russians cooperation with the military formations of the SS are analyzed, some facts are clarified, scattered information is summarized, the assessments of researchers on determining the number of Russian SS men are compared. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that ethnic Russians – former citizens of the USSR, as well as representatives of the Russian emigration, served in various military formations of the Nazi SS: Auxiliary service of the order police in the occupied territory of the USSR, the 29th and 30th «Russian» SS divisions, 28th, 33rd and 36th «foreign» SS divisions, 1st Russian national brigade of the SS («Druzhina»), SS volunteer regiment «Variag», 15th SS Cossack cavalry corps, «SS fighter unit» and others. Discrepancies in the historical literature on determining the exact number of ethnic Russians who served in the armed formations of the SS were revealed. At the same time, it was established that, according to rough estimates, their total number was at least 100–120 thousand. Coverage of the issue of ethnic Russian service in the armed formations of the Nazi SS during the German-Soviet war of 1941–1945 debunks the assertion of modern Russian historical propaganda that such military cooperation is characteristic primarily of Ukrainians, Baltics, and other nationalities. It is noted that each of the aspects considered in the article can be the subject of further detailed research. It is emphasized that these issues can be finally clarified only after the declassification of Soviet archival documents in the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115828293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NEW EDITION OF CREDIT-BANKING SOURCE STUDIES","authors":"O. Borysova","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2019.59.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2019.59.20","url":null,"abstract":"Review of the book by Radchenko N. M. Sources from the History of the Activity of Credit-Banking Institutions of the Dnieper Ukraine (second half of XIX – beginning of XX century). – Uzhhorod: Grazhda, 2019. – 584 p. (In Ukrainian).","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127541976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight Systems in Italy in the VI – the First Half of the XIX Century","authors":"A. Zubko","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2023.70.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2023.70.11","url":null,"abstract":"Medieval Italy, which was formed after the fall of the Western Roman Empire at the end of the V century, completely inherited its material and spiritual culture. This does not apply to the state imperial traditions of Ancient Rome. It turned out that during the entire period of the Middle Ages and partly of the New Age – from the end of the V to the second half of the XIX century, Italy was not a single state. At this time, three main regions – Northern, Central and Southern Italy – were gradually formed here. Each region included several historically interconnected regions. In the territory of these regions, there were cities – republics and separate feudal estates. Each region preserved its distinctive features throughout the Middle Ages. Some of these differences have survived even in modern Italy. They arose from the peculiarities of the geographical environment, as well as the political and economic conditions that developed over a long period of time in each of the three regions of Italy. The single system of measures, including weight, which existed in the Roman Empire, in the conditions of political decentralization of Italy, was gradually, over the centuries, replaced by local measures. The basis of most of the newly created systems of weight measures in Italy was the ancient Roman system of weight measures. However, the development of production, domestic and foreign trade caused a constant transformation of the structure of the systems of weight measures, the mass of their units. Gradually, new systems of weight measures were formed in Italy. The structure of the systems of weight measures in Italy had certain common features, but the mass of their units differed among themselves in almost all cases. The weight systems of Italy during the Middle Ages were influenced by the dependence of the Italian lands at certain times on the empire of Charlemagne, the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. As a result, in some areas of Northern and Central Italy, along with the local systems of weight measures, the following measures began to be used: Carolingian silver and troy weight systems, the German Cologne system of weight measures, Austro-Hungarian weight measures. The long-term existence of the leading Italian city-states – the republics of Venice and Genoa, the Duchies of Milan and Tuscany, the Papal State, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, etc. was a consequence of the use of constantly operating systems of measures and weights in the territory of Italy during the entire period of the Middle Ages.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125386355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navajo activities in the field of preservation of their cultural heritage","authors":"Serhiy Lypiavka","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2022.66.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.66.15","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the author examines the indigenous people of the United States, Navajo, and their efforts, ways and ideas to preserve and pass on their traditional culture to the younger generation, and everything related to it; some peculiarities of its acquisition are indicated during the existence of the tribe, during the period of residence in the modern American states of Arizona, Utah, and New Mexico; changes in the ways of preserving traditions; their current state; US policy on indigenous people. The author studied the history of the origin of the Navajo tribe; the modern educational system of the tribe, and what role does it play in preserving their traditions; Navajo rituals and beliefs that exist nowadays; the policy of the federal government of the United States on Native Americans, it`s purpose, activities, dynamics of changes over a fairly long period of time from the first half of the XIX century to the end of the XX century. The focus is concentrated on the bills passed at that time, and how did they affect the lives of various tribes located in the United States and with them the Navajo themselves. Certain reasons for changes in the course of US policy towards the indigenous population are described. Also, the article notes the importance of cultural heritage for the Navajo themselves. The basic concept related to their world-view called «Sa’ah Naaghai Bik’eh Hozho» is briefly described, how does it affect the lives of modern members of the tribe, and what role does it play in preserving traditional beliefs. Along with this, the presence of healing rituals is noted, which also plays a role in the transfer of knowledge to descendants. The author describes current actions and trends in the United States’ policies towards their indigenous peoples; existence of developed programs to restore the economic and socio-cultural life of the tribes is noted, which in fact also has an impact on the Navajo.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125512218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategist-autocrator Tiberius in War with Avars 568–570","authors":"Volodymyr Lahodych","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2023.69.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2023.69.01","url":null,"abstract":"Among Justinian the Great’s (527–565) successors, the personality and career of Byzantine warlord and politician Tiberius stand out. Despite the lack of statements about Tiberius’ early life, there were enough facts about the circumstances that led to his rise in the hierarchy of late Roman society. Emperor Justin II (565–578) trusted him personally, and he also participated in diplomatic negotiations with barbarians, where he represented Roman interests. Along with the weak health of Justin, these circumstances contributed to the following adoption of a future warlord by the Emperor’s Family. Relationship with Avar Khanate had already been in priority for Tiberius before he was elected Justin’s co-ruler in 576. Taking part in talks with nomads, Tiberius focused on the necessity of renewing alliances with the Avars and directing military power toward the tribes that posed a constant threat to the Empire. In perspective, Tiberius’ course of appeasement with the nomads brought an end to the war in 568–570. His actions provided the Empire with the possibility of strengthening political and military might in the Danube limes in the next few years and also politically neutralized the Avars through permanent military conflicts with their closest neighbors. In practice, the Nomad noble, being enriched with money from Constantinople, made peace with Romeis. The Avars increased their military strength by focusing their efforts on conquering Slavs. This circumstance in one way let the nomads to start their foreign policy pressure on Empire again. Political vicissitudes of the last quarter of the VI cent. were accompanied by the exchange of ambassadorial missions, the provision of gifts, as a means of influencing third parties to a specific political course in the early Middle Ages.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"321 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122096096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Local Landscape and Category of Creativity in the Space of Belarusian Culture","authors":"Anatol Astapenka","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2020.62.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2020.62.18","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates the correlation of a small homeland, or more broadly, a landscape, with the work of many Belarusian writers, artists, scientists. This correlation can be very significant, and even becomes for many of them the main component of the creative process in life. The article analyzes the work of Belarusian writers who have become classics, for whom the theme of the homeland takes a central place: Ivan Naumenka (the novel «The pine-tree at the rode», Mikhas Streltsov (the short story «Hay on the Afalts»), Boris Sachenka (the trilogy «Vyaliki Les»), Larisa Geniyush (memories «Confession»). In addition to the homeland, another place where there is a correlation, is Kiev and other places in Ukraine, where many Belarusian distinguished people lived and worked. These are the princes of Ostrog – Fedor, Konstantin and Vasilii. In this work, we draw attention to the indissoluble connection between the Belarusian and Ukrainian life and activities of the Ostrozhski family. A native of Belarus, the famous Ukrainian hetman, creator of the first Ukrainian constitution Philip Orlik (1672–1741) studied at the Kiev-Mohyla Academy. Saint George of Konisskyi, was born in 1717 in the city of Nizhyn (Chernigov region), was a church and public figure of the Commonwealth and the Russian Empire. Graduated from the Kiev-Mohyla Academy (1743). In 1755 he was ordained Bishop of Mogilev (Belarus). In 1993, Archbishop George was canonized. The prominent historian Mitrofan Viktorovich Dovnar-Zapolsky was born in 1867 in Rechitsa (Belarus). In 1893 M. Dovnar-Zapolsky graduated from the historical and philological faculty of Kiev University. Author of over 150 works on the history of Lithuania and Belarus. Writer Vladimir Korotkevich (1930–1984) is a significant figure for many generations of Belarusians. It is a national symbol of the second half of the 20th century. He graduated from the philological faculty of the Taras Shevchenko Kiev State University in 1954.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128701998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kish Ataman of Zaporozhian Sich Petro Kalnyshevsky on the Pages of Encyclopedic Editions, Dictionaries and Reference Books","authors":"H. Kotsur, A. Kotsur","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2021.63.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2021.63.05","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is the issue’s clarification of reflection of the figure of the last kish ataman of Zaporozhian Sich P. Kalnyshevsky on the pages of encyclopedic publications, dictionaries and reference books. Chronological boundaries of the study are the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XXI century. There are used the historical-comparative, historical-typological, historical-system methods during a covering of the topic. The heroic figure of the last kish ataman of Zaporozhian Sich P. Kalnyshevsky was reflected mainly in monographs, collections of documents, scientific articles, local lore, materials of scientific conferences, educational literature, periodicals. At the same time, it is remained out the attention of researchers its coverage in the pages of encyclopedias, dictionaries and reference books. Scientific research refers to encyclopedic, dictionary and reference books, which contain articles about P. Kalnyshevsky as an important historiographical source. There is analyzed the reflection of the figure of the Zaporozhian leader in different historiographical periods. It fits generally into the context of the general development of Ukrainian and foreign historical science. Prolonged silence in the historical science about P. Kalnyshevsky was accompanied by various conjectures, distortions of facts and falsification. Historical science become an ideological servant of the totalitarian regime, in the Soviet era. It considered the history of the New Sich and the figure of P. Kalnyshevsky simplified mostly and distorted, from the so-called party-class approaches. Radical changes in the approaches of Ukrainian historians to the history of the Cossacks and their leaders, including to P. Kalnyshevsky, took place after the restoration of state independence of Ukraine in 1991. The revival of national traditions of Ukrainian historical science began, the methodology and topics of scientific research were updated, and there was intensified the integration of domestic historiography into European and world historiography. All this affected the reflection of the figure of P. Kalnyshevsky on the pages of encyclopedic and reference books, dictionaries.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129158386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polabian Studies as an Area of Slavonic Research of Antonii Petrushevych (1821–1913)","authors":"Nazar Rizun","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2022.67.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.67.06","url":null,"abstract":"Among Ukrainian slavists of the second half of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century A. Petrushevych occupies a prominent place. The scholar had made a substantial, although ambiguous in its scientific value, contribution to the development of the discipline. His Slavonic studies cover a variety of subjects and problems, in particular they include papers, which to the larger or lesser extent are concerned with the past of the Polabian Slavs. In them A. Petrushevych explored the earliest period of their history, pagan beliefs, material culture, etc. Until now there is no separate study, which would investigate these works. So, the article’s purpose is a historiographic analysis of the research work of A. Petrushevych in the field of Polabian studies, of the topics, problems, and methods of his papers and notes. In the works on the ancient and medieval history of the Polabian Slavs, scholar’s interest is evident in religious, philological, historical, archaeological, and ethnographic problems. The researcher has read a wide range of the newest scientific – historical, archaeological, philological literature. Antonii Petrushevych had analyzed specific evidence and plots of the history of the Polabian Slavs, foremost their pagan cults, compared them with beliefs of the eastern Slavs, the Scandinavians, and other people of the ancient world. However, Polabian studies do not occupy an important place in his research work and only rarely appear on the pages of his Slavonic papers. In the works devoted to pagan beliefs of the Polabian Slavs, an interest in comparative studies is obvious. Such an approach is not careful and reasonable, because the phenomenas that are compared are very distant in time and distinct from one another. The research on the history of the Polabian Slavs is not systematic and shows rather a sporadic interest in the topic. At the same time, such interest was not accidental, inasmuch as it could be traced on various stages of the scholar’s scientific life. Antonii Petrushevych had not written any special work on the history of the Polabian Slavs, but, despite this, his Polabian studies constitute an integral part of his Slavonic research legacy.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"1718 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129434066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mavrian Historical, Cultural and Religious Heritage in Modern Spain Tourism","authors":"N. Teres, Yana Romaniv","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2022.67.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.67.15","url":null,"abstract":"The article covers the problem of establishing Halal tourism, which has begun to develop in recent years. The question is considered via the analysis of cultural monuments of Mavrian heritage in Spain. The spreading of a new type of tourism and its features is considered separately. Key scientific ideas and works on the origin of the term «halal tourism» are also analyzed. The paper identifies the main problems of development of this type of tourism, the main of which can be identified anti-Islamist sentiments of the Spanish right-wing political party Vox. In addition, representatives of the tourism sector are still insufficiently aware of the possibilities of presenting, spreading and developing halal tourism. So far, only two hotels in Spain have passed and received special certificates and are recognized as providing products and services, respecting the religious beliefs of their visitors. In particular, the requirements for certificates include the presence of a halal menu in the hotel restaurant, prayer rugs and directions to Mecca in the rooms, the correct location of beds and bathrooms, no alcohol in the minibar. The article also mentions the main organizations in Spain that contribute to the spread and stabilization of halal tourism – Instituto Halal, Halal International Tourism, etc. The current achievements in this field of tourism in Spain are listed, including the second place in the list of Global Muslim Travel Index 2018. In addition, Spain continues to actively move towards the development of this type of tourism and attracting more and more Arab tourists to its country.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124119165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}