Ethnic History of European Nations最新文献

{"title":"Problems of Methods and Methodologies of Historical Source Studies in the Works of Mark Varshavchyk","authors":"Kim Minseung","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2023.70.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2023.70.04","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of the published works by M. Varshavchyk, the development of problems of theoretical source studies by scholar is investigated, in particular, methods and methodologies of source science. It is noted that during the entire period of the historian’s scientific work, his vision included issues of organizing the methodological paradigm of historical source studies, and finding ways to form a complex of approaches, principles and methods of criticism of sources, their systematization and analysis. In this article emphasized that many of ideological Soviet content by the scholar’s publications are commitment to the defined policy by the Communist Party, the socialistical way of life and worldview in the Soviet era. However, it is emphasized that the scientific opinion of the scholar, constant attention to the questions about the methodology of history and other theoretical problems of source studies that testify to the powerful work of the historian in his creative laboratory, where these questions were developed for half a century. The evolution of M. Varshavchyk’s scientific views on the formation of a complex theory of methods as a system of knowledge about internal architectures, meaningful content and solving the researcher’s cognitive needs is followed. The analysis of the works of M. Varshavchyk made it possible to establish the structure of the theoretical and methodological principles concluded by himself and their hierarchy, to focus on the definition of the subject and object of source studies, the concepts of «method» and «methodology», classification of methodological principles, etc. The M. Varshavchyk’s approach to the development of the conceptual-categorical apparatus of methodology at source studies, principles and methods of scientific thinking, the main ones of which the scientist considered historical, logical, comparative-historical, retrospective, statistical, method of specific social studies, was clarified. It was established that the scientist developed a phased scheme for working with sources (documents), the process of clarifying their internal connections, grouping sets of documents in order to obtain a set of scientific facts. Among methodological and methodical issues, the scholar emphasized insufficient attention to such problems as discussion of the content of the historical methodology, classification of methodological principles, criticism of documents, etc. It is proved that despite the constant control of the party-nomenclature over the activities of humanitarian scientists, M. Varshavchyk managed to realize his own scientific potential and contribute to the development of problems of methodology and methods of historical source studies.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129829873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Між правом сили та силою права: зовнішньоторговельна діяльність українських підприємців XVIII ст","authors":"","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2023.69.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2023.69.08","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to conduct a historiographical and historical analysis of scientific approaches regarding the evolution of the regulation of trade practices of the Hetmanate in the conditions of its political dependence. The research methodology is based on the principle of historicism, interdisciplinary, systematic and scientific principles. The following general historical methods have been used: historiographic, historical-genetic, and comparative analysis. Ideas about the dominance of political and security components before the formation of the legal circle are crystallized and the possibilities of taking into account the opinion of the Ukrainian administration regarding foreign trade are outlined on the basis of the analysis of historical and historiographical sources. Based on the analysis of historical and historiographical sources, it can be stated that the government structures of the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the All-Russian Empire set themselves the goal to gain complete control over foreign trade and customs affairs of the Hetmanate together with the elimination of its political autonomy. Law was used to justify force, coercion. The interests of ethnic or social groups became the reason for applying exceptions. Mockery over the essence of law-making of the Moscow state formed a style, the slogan of which was «people’s welfare». The desperation of the Ukrainian business community and the Cossack self-governing structures led to the unity of the merchant community around the search for precautionary measures that would protect against the abuses of state and state institutions. In the era of the «golden autumn» of the Cossack Hetmanate, the Cossack elite concentrated on fighting the «true plague of merchants», offering society a program of self-implementation in the economic sphere.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128621039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weasel in the Traditional Folk Ideas of Ukrainians","authors":"Volodymyr Halaichuk","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2021.64.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2021.64.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a comprehensive description of the folk ideas of Ukrainians about the weasel and clarifies their etiology. On the basis of already published ethno­graphic sources and field materials of the author considered the idea of the relation of a weasel to cattle (the choice of a color of cattle depending on the color of a weasel which is found on a household; braiding the mane, harm to cattle from a weasel), about the toxicity of weasel, about the prohibition to offend her, about the connection between the weasel and the day of St. Vlasiy. It turned out that Ukrainians believe that the best cattle for the farm are those whose color corresponds to the color of a weasel. It is also believed that each cow has its weasel. Despite the assistance, the weasel allegedly harms cattle. It was believed that she sucked the blood of a horse or cow, drove the horse or cow to sweat, sucked milk, and that her bite could swell the udder of a cow; if a weasel runs under a cow, that cow gets sick and starts milking with blood. If the weasel braided the horse’s mane, it could not be untied, otherwise the animal will get sick. According to popular belief, the weasel could not be offended, because it would harm cattle or even people. In addition, people did not insult the weasel because they understood the benefits of them for the economy (destroying mice). In part, the ban on offending the weasel is due to the special attitude towards «non-domestic» animals that have found themselves in the space of a house or living space. Sometimes the weasel is directly identified with the hobgoblin. They have much in common in functions aimed at livestock. The status of the weasel in the Ukrainian mythological system varies from a zoomorphic variant of a hobgoblin to an animal with certain mythological features. In many ways, the weasel is close to the «domestic snake». Both live in an underground chthonic world in the vicinity of the farm, which corresponds to the location of the souls of «their» dead. Weasel is considered poisonous. She allegedly can bite for the damage or for violating the ban on work on St. Vlasiy’s day. In general, most popular beliefs of Ukrainians allow us to consider the weasel a kind of so-called «house spirits».","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124547348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnological Publications of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv: Historiography","authors":"R. Konta","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2021.63.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2021.63.08","url":null,"abstract":"The article covers the problem of studying the ethnographic activities of members of the Society by analyzing the ethnological publishing activities of this institution. This approach allows to clarify the complex process of organizing ethnological research in the Society, as well as to identify the methodological component of scientific research of its members. The article analyzes the works, which provide an overview of the coverage of certain ethnological problems on the pages of NTSh editions. The emphasis is placed on the scientific and organizational aspects of ethnological studies in the Society. The problem of historiographical research of such editions of the Society as «Notes of NTSh», «Literary-scientific bulletin» and «Chronicles of NTSh» is covered. These periodicals contain important information on the assessment of ethnological achievements of members of the Society, information on ethnographic research in this organization. The scientific controversy of scientists concerning the problem of development of ethnology in NTSh is considered. It is emphasized that in the vast majority of works devoted to or related to the study of the editions of the NTSh, the ethnological scientific and organizational aspect of the activities of these publications was not covered. Only recently have works been published that raise not only the problem of study of ethnological materials published in the Society’s publications, but also the problems of historiographical analysis of these publications in order to clarify different points of view on the organization of ethnological research in NTSh.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122602508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight systems of ancient civilizations in Korea and Japan","authors":"A. Zubko","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2022.67.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.67.17","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient civilizations in Central Asia and the Far East have appeared after a long period of developing social relations, material and spiritual culture of the population of this vast region of the Earth. In Central Asia, economic development was based on animal husbandry, and in the Far East, on land cultivation. Continuous growth of production and trade took place simultaneously with state formation that continued over millenniums. First proto – state formations of this region have created unified length, weight and volume measures that were indispensable for a successful economic development. The needs of trade necessitated the advent of monetary units that long have been closely related to weight measures. Gradually, every state saw the adoption of unified monetary – weight systems. It has long been known that the development of production and trade, social processes, state building takes place in those regions where several types of economy coexist. The type of farm is determined by natural conditions. There are several natural areas in the Far East. The first is the forest zone of Siberia and Primorie, where the population was engaged in hunting and forestry. The second – the area of steppes and deserts of Manchuria, Mongolia, the plateaus of Tibet, suitable for livestock. The third is the area of the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys, where irrigated agriculture developed and the Chinese began cultivating rice for the first time in the world. Fourth – the area of the Yellow Sea coast, the coast of Korea, the Japanese islands, where the population was engaged in sea fishing and trade. In the interaction and complementarity of all these forms of economy arose the civilizations of the Far East. In the Far East, the geographical location of the Korean Peninsula is compared with Italy, the Japanese Islands – with England and Ireland. It is on the shores of navigable rivers, the Yellow Sea coast, the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese islands for thousands of years the most intensive development of production, domestic and foreign trade, and in modern times there was an industrial revolution. This work describes the development and mutual influence of weight systems used by ancient civilizations in Central Asia and the Far East in the course of international trade. Weight norms and their correlation with each other and with monetary denominations in every separate country have been determined.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126837052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-political Situation in the Border Regions of Donbas at the Beginning of Russian Aggression in 2014","authors":"Oleh Ananin","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2023.70.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2023.70.08","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the methods of hybrid warfare used by the Russian aggressor against Ukraine. In the spring of 2014, illegal anti-Ukrainian protest actions were organized by Russian special services in the border regions of Donbas, which were supported by local collaborators. Forced seizure of administrative buildings of local authorities continued. Pro-Russian groups of the Ukrainian local population prevented the anti-terrorist operation in every possible way, in particular, they blocked units of the Armed Forces and obstructed the work of law enforcement agencies. In the captured territories, local collaborators managed, with the assistance of Russian curators, to hold an illegal so-called “referendum” on secession from Ukraine, which was a political method of legalizing actions aimed at destroying Ukrainian statehood in certain areas of Donbas. All of the above took place in conditions of complete loss of control over the socio-political situation in the border areas on the part of local authorities, law enforcement agencies, and the complication of the involvement of Ukrainian military formations in the actions. Ukrainian historical experience has confirmed the general world practice of armed conflicts, during which the transformation of social confrontation into an open armed conflict occurs under the influence of certain socio-political conditions. The only difference is that these conditions have their own specific characteristics for each armed conflict. At the same time, relations with the Russian Federation continued to worsen in the sphere of ensuring the appropriate level of border security on the common section of the state border. Despite Ukraine’s efforts to stabilize the situation politically, the Russian Federation did not take appropriate measures and continued to act as a destabilizing factor in the border regions of the Ukrainian Donbas.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125833541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"«Their Intent was Different from what they Professed»: the Participation of Ambassadorial Missions in Avar-Roman War 568–570","authors":"Volodymyr Lahodych","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2022.68.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.68.03","url":null,"abstract":"The involvement of the Avar nomad horde in 557/558 in the political system under the leadership of Constantinople coincided with the appearance of the formers in the Eastern part of Europe. Upon signing the agreement in 557/558 A.D., under which nomads became federates of the Empire, the parties upheld the power balance in Balkan and Black Sea coast regions until the death of Justinian I in 565. According to this agreement, Avar Khagan Bayan I undertook to defend the Danube Limes of the Empire provided that basileus would pay and provide supplies and, in perspective, – would give territories of Moesia and Pannonia provinces to nomads for settlement. Also, during this short period, the Avar nobility tried to form their own political course, as opposed to the actions of Roman emperors. Romans, though, aimed at decentralizing the threat from barbarians. In practice, it led to a spontaneous, expansionist politic of Avars inside the Roman Empire’s sphere of interests in Central-Eastern Europe. This included: Avar raids on Antes tribals, Romei federates since the 60s of VI cent. A.D; territorial claims to Constantinople; provision and payment demands, and also misinforming Justinian the Great by Avar ambassadors. After Justin II (565–578) sat on the throne in Constantinople, Bayan I continued his attempts to quit diplomatic dependence of the Empire. As a result, the successor of Justinian the Great, Justin II, tried to cut down the Gordian knot in relations with nomads, which provoked the short-term armed confrontation. Just like nowadays, at the time of the conflict, opponents repeatedly made use of diplomatic parleys as a way to exert pressure on their enemy. Apart from that, both parties, during the war, enlisted support from the third sides, negatively disposed against the Empire (Francs, Langobards) on the one hand and the newly formed Khaganate (Turks) on the other.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126731968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific Historical Circumstances of the Formation of the Boeotian Ethnic Group","authors":"O. Kiriakov","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2019.59.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2019.59.01","url":null,"abstract":"The article devoted to the study of the formation of ethnic identity in Greek antiquity. The author focuses on the migration myth of the Boeotian ethnic group. This storytelling by Thucydides became a basis of the historiographical tradition. A lot of historians trusted to the migration myth like a real fact of past time. The author makes an attempt to reveal a real fact, which become a ground to the formation of migration myth of the Boeotian ethnic group.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130466016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"M. Brechkevich (1870–1963) and his contribution to the study of the medieval history of Baltic Pomerania","authors":"Mykola Rud","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2020.62.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2020.62.11","url":null,"abstract":"In the article based on archival sources and special historical literature, it is given the characteristics of main points of live, scientific and pedagogical work of famous Ukrainian historian, medievalist, the founder of the Department of Ancient and Medieval history in Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Mytrofan Vasyliovych Brechkevych. The research is based on the historicism, scientific and author’s objectivity, general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparation) and special historical (historic-typological and historic-systematic) methods. In the article the contribution of M. V. Brechkevych was analyzed. The author came to the conclusion, that during his professional live Brechkevych remained true to the principles developed at the beginning of his career. He was a historian-positivist, who as the rest of the scientist of this direction considered the historical source to be the main criterion of truth. The main object of Brechkevych’s scientific research was the history of the Pomeranian Slavs of the 12th – 14th centuries, to which he dedicated numbers of his works in the first half of the 20th century. In his first printed work «Sviatopolk – Prince of Pomerania» (Yuriiv, 1902) Brechkevych considered one of the important periods in the history of the East Pomeranian principality, its struggle with the Teutonic Order in the 1240s. The study comprehensively analyzes the question of the origin of princely power in Eastern Pomerania, the relationships of the Eastern Pomeranian principality with Poland. Brechkevych’s main work on the history of Pomerania was his master’s thesis «Introduction to the social history of the principality of Slavia, or Western Pomerania» (Yuriiv, 1911), in which he made an attempt to analyze on the basis of Pomeranian letters and chronicles the process of feudalization in the West Pomeranian lands during the 12th – 13th centuries and the role of German colonists in it. The work describes in details the princely land tenure, the formation of the first Pomeranian monasteries, which became active leaders of Germanization in this region.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133528717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral History Sources About Household Searches During the 1932–33 Holodomor in Ukraine and Kuban","authors":"T. Boriak","doi":"10.17721/2518-1270.2022.67.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.67.10","url":null,"abstract":"Ukrainian Holodomor bibliography numbers more than 18,5 thousand of publications, of them oral history sources – more than 10 thousand of entries. Famine 1932–33 bibliography in the USSR and Kuban is reasonably smaller in the former USSR (before 1991), as well as in contemporary Russian Federation. Regarding research of the famine on Kuban (by July of 1930 – Kuban krai, later – Northern-Caucasus krai as part of RRFSR) – this is not the case at all. At the same time, research of the Holodomor topic that took place on this historical-geographical region of RF for Ukrainian historians has special meaning. According to the census of 1926, Ukrainians as an ethnographic group comprised 54,1% of whole population on Kuban (1 million 644 thousand 380 people). The goal of the research is revealing and researching of oral history of eye-witnesses of the famine of 1932–1933 about punitive activity of searching brigades with the goal of extortion of food reserves from peasants on the territory of UkrSSR (the author analyzes available data of 144 settlements) and separately – of Kuban area (the author analyzes data of 65 settlements). Analysis of research object basing on the sources of oral history, recorded in various historical-geographical regions of Ukraine (144 testimonies) and Kuban (in general 122 testimonies) is being introduced for the first time. This comprises scientific novelty of the research. Methodological basis of the research is the principle of systematic and structural approaches in combination with the elements of descriptive-analytical, comparative-historical and contextological methods of analysis. Conclusions. On the basis of the research of oral history sources the author states tragical experience of living through winter – spring of 1933 by peasants in Ukraine and Kuban. Research of oral testimonies of respondents has allowed to a certain degree to reconstruct «collective portrait» of activists. The author shows that regardless of territorial affixment searching brigades, being authorized with punitive functions, acted equally brutally. Further studies with usage of oral history sources, whose object is revealing of data on extortion during household searches with the goal of finding of food in UkrSSR and on Kuban, as well as broadening of the analysis to other grain regions of USSR will help to find out similarity or differences of mechanism of humility with famine of peasants in UkrSSR and USSR in 1932–1933.","PeriodicalId":247803,"journal":{"name":"Ethnic History of European Nations","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132752249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}