Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)最新文献

{"title":"UPDATING THE CONCEPT OF ECO-TRAIL IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN DEVELOPMENT ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN RUSSIA","authors":"D. Budaeva, A. Suknev, L. Maksanova, M. Sharipov","doi":"10.17513/USE.37538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17513/USE.37538","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of the ecotourism development, the Russian Federation’s policy papers include measures to create an infrastructure to provide services to visitors of specially protected natural areas. The focus of the government support is primarily on creating ecological trails. The relevance of this article is determined by the strategic objective of creating national trails in the Russian Federation. This study provides a critical analysis of theoretical approaches and applied aspects of the concept of eco-trails. It was revealed that there are various derivative terms with the word «trail» used for recreational and educational purposes in the legislative field, theoretical discourse and practical activities. The concept of «eco-trail», which has no generally accepted, unified definition, is the most widespread. It has been noted that the domestic regulatory documents use a definition that significantly narrows down the purpose of eco-trails. It is shown that in modern conditions the trails contribute to solving urgent problems of ecological, social, economic development of a certain territory, in particular, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and physical development, etc. The authors have formulated their own understanding of the definition of the «eco-trail», which is proposed to be a linear-type infrastructure facility that provides for the recreational, cultural, sports and health needs of the population during their time spent in the natural environment. Modern experience of trail construction in Russia is assessed on the example of the Big Baikal Trail in the article, which has been operating in the Republic of Buryatia for twenty years. A brief description is given and a map of the Great Baikal Trail is made within the limits of the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural area. The principles of the trail construction concept are given based on the analysis of long-term practical work on design, construction and operation of trails in areas with unique ecosystem. The problems with land plot formation for trail construction are shown, as well as existing difficulties in path design, construction and use. Practical recommendations for amendments to legislative and regulatory acts are presented.","PeriodicalId":246793,"journal":{"name":"Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)","volume":"67 863 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132519090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BENEFITS OF INTEGRATING UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS INTO THE AIRSPACE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION","authors":"D.N. Dolgikh, A. Melnikova, R. Nugumanov, S.I. Semenov, N.V. Kostryukova","doi":"10.17513/use.37814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17513/use.37814","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews the main advantages of integrating unmanned aerial systems into the airspace of the Russian Federation. The text highlights the possible prospects for the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the context of some industry niches. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the issue in the field of ecology and on the example of the emergency service. Also, this article presents a list of monitoring tasks that can be solved using unmanned aerial vehicles and indicates the possibility of not only collecting data and accompanying rescue teams, but also interacting with the environment. In the field of ecology, an additional list of areas in which these technologies can be applied is given. Further, the paper compares the key parameters of the tactical and technical characteristics of two representatives of air and ground equipment used in monitoring a certain area. A statistical sample of data, indicators of response to a call in the field of fire fighting was analyzed and similar indicators were predicted when integrating unmanned aircraft. Based on the results of this simulation, diagrams were constructed and appropriate conclusions were made. One of the most important characteristics for unmanned aerial systems is the possibility of interactively obtaining information from a given territory. The analysis of the data presented in the article allows us to conclude that there is a significant rationalization of the processes of monitoring the area, data collection and the efficiency of the distribution of forces and means during rescue operations. The conclusion also states that a key benefit of such integration will be a high probability of reducing the percentage of human losses and economic costs.","PeriodicalId":246793,"journal":{"name":"Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134130963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESULTS OF DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL STUDIES IN BIRCH STANDS AT THE DOMODEDOVO FORESTRY OF THE MOSCOW REGION","authors":"D. Rumyantsev, V. Frolova, N. Denisova","doi":"10.17513/use.37066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17513/use.37066","url":null,"abstract":"Technology), Mytishchi, e-mail: ( Betula pendula Roth.) belongs to disseminated vascular tree species and is relatively poorly distinguishable on wood samples. This led to relatively little research of this species on Russian plain by dendrochronological methods. At the same time, in conditions of recreational forests and woodland parks of Moscow and Moscow region this specie is one of the most important forest-forming species. Dendrochronological diagnosis for features of radial growth in these conditions has a great interest for forest science theory as well as for forestry practices. The results of dendrochronological investigations in betula satnds from Domodedovo forestry of Moscow region are disclosed in this article. On the basis of the conducted studies it was established, that all model stands consist of Vi age class. The trees of all four test plots, despite the presence of differences in the phytocenoses formed with their participation in the floristic composition of the undergrowth and live ground cover, are characterized by similar conditions for the growth and development of birch trees. Dendroclimatic analysis showed that water scarcity in June and July is the main limiting factor of ecological growth, which can cause poor growth and poor condition of birch trees. in general, there are no strong and unambiguous connections between the variability of specific individual meteorological parameters and the variability of annual rings, which is typical for plantations in non-extreme conditions of vegetation. To improve the condition of plantations, to stimulate radial growth in order to accelerate the overgrowing of wounds and mechanical damage to trunks, watering trees in June and July can be recommended in those years when the amount of precipitation over these months will be significantly lower than the average","PeriodicalId":246793,"journal":{"name":"Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134217475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRENDS IN THE SPRING DEVELOPMENT OF VEGETATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LANDSCAPE DIVERSITY OF THE URALS IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATIC CHANGES","authors":"O. Guryevskikh, Yu.R. Ivanova, N. Skok, A. M. Yurovskikh, O. Yantser, N. Kuyantseva, I. Prokosheva, T. Tertitsa","doi":"10.17513/USE.37624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17513/USE.37624","url":null,"abstract":"Natural Biosphere Reserve, Yaksha The article deals with the results of research trends in the spring development of vegetation in the landscape areas and provinces of the Northern, Middle and South Urals from 1925 to 2019. According to the archives of The Russian Geographical Society, stock materials of nature reserves and meteorological stations, as well as expeditionary studies, the calculation of meteorological indicators, the average perennial dates of the occurrence of phenomena and their trends. When analyzing the array, the method of selecting corrective data is tested when calculating quantitative indicators of spring phenology processes. As the main material for the analysis, data on climatic and fenological phenomena, characterizing the beginning, middle and end of spring: beginning of birch sap flow ( Betula Pubescens; Betula Pendula Roth.), beginning of the blooming leaves birch and the beginning of the blossom of the cherry ( Padus Avium Mill.). The paper presents latitudinal, long-term and high-rise gradients and the speed of promotion of phenomena in space, the boundaries of spring are installed in all landscaped provinces. A special emphasis in the article is made on the trends in the thermal regime and spring development of birch and cherry for the provinces. The relationship is established between the timing of the onset of spring phenomena, thresholds of temperatures +5 °C, +10 °C, +12 °C and +14 °C, as well as the effect of the sums of positive temperatures on the phenoindicator phenomena. Negative trends have been established changes in the average annual air temperature and spring processes in birch and cherry, indicating the displacement of the timing of seasonal phenomena earlier and characterizing the dynamics of the spatial-temporal structure of natural complexes of the Urals. Unidirectional, but various variables of trends are determined by a","PeriodicalId":246793,"journal":{"name":"Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)","volume":"14 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134256033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF INOCULATION BY ENDOPHYTIC RHIZOBACTERIA ON MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BULBOUS CULTURES","authors":"V. N. Lebedev, G. A. Vorobeykov, G. Uraev","doi":"10.17513/use.38009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17513/use.38009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246793,"journal":{"name":"Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134400373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPLICATION OF ADSORPTION MODELS FOR DESCRIPTION OF GOLD SORPTION FROM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS BY NATURAL ZEOLITES IN A STATIC MODE","authors":"T. P. Belova","doi":"10.17513/use.38075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17513/use.38075","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative analysis of natural zeolites sorption properties of the Yagodninskoe deposit of mordenite-clinop-tylolite type in Kamchatka Territory and the Seredochnoe deposit of geylandite-clinoptylite type in Khabarovsk Krai in relation to chloride solutions of gold in the concentration range from 2.0 to 10.0 mg/l is carried out experimentally. The values of the ultimate sorption capacity of zeolites and the adsorption equilibrium constants are determined using the Langmuir equation. The values of Gibbs free energy are calculated, which allow to conclude about the spontaneous sorption process of gold chloride complexes from weakly acidic solutions. The Gibbs energy values are: ΔG = -28.3 kJ/mol and ΔG = -26.2 kJ/mol for zeolite tuffs of Yagodninskoe and Seredochnoe deposits, respectively. Empirical Freundlich’s equation coefficients k’ equalling 2.1∙10 -3 and 5.2∙10 -3 and degree indexes n equalling 3.66 and 2.26 are determined for zeolites from Yagodninskoe and Seredochnoe deposits respectively. Experimental data analysis with the help of the Dubinin-Radushkevich model shows that the sorption mechanisms differ depending on the initial gold concentration and degree of surface coverage. In the concentration range from 2.0 to 6.0 mg/l the ion-exchange mechanism prevails, and in the concentration range from 6.0 to 10.0 mg/l the mechanism of physical-chemical sorption prevails. The results obtained show that natural zeolites can be used as effective sorbents for gold recovery from drainage water generated during the storage of cakes from gold leaching plants.","PeriodicalId":246793,"journal":{"name":"Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131511688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PYTHON UNPACKING AND PREPROCESSING OF REMOTE SENSING IMAGES IN HDF FORMAT ON A SAMPLE OF TERRA ASTER DATA","authors":"S. Shevyrev, N. G. Boriskina, M.Zh. Shevyreva, E.V. Gorobeyko","doi":"10.17513/use.37914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17513/use.37914","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing images are often used in Earth science as the source of information on landscapes, rocks and conditions of atmo-, hydro- and biosphere. Preparation of field works for geological mapping and prospecting of mineral deposits requires preliminary assessment of the area. Efficacy of field works depends on quality and relevance of remote sensing data. User handling of zero and first level processing data is often time and computational power consuming task. Moreover, desktop geographic information systems (GIS) may not possess enough capabilities for solving of that task. In general, available data of zero and first levels of processing express values of radiation on spectroradiometer sensor, which were subjected to band-specific atmospheric scattering. Deriving of top atmospheric reflectance and surface temperature requires channel-wise correction. Websites of companies, which provide access to satellite data and their specifications, also offer information for atmospheric correction. Also, multiband data could be provided in specific formats, which are not supported by user GIS. Paper considers algorithms of data extraction (unpacking) of ASTER data from hierarchical data format (HDF) including atmospheric correction, computing of surface temperature (for night temperature bands) and saving output into popular GeoTiff format using Python script bases on GDAL library. Script could be adapted for application on other satellite data, moreover, described software could be used for teaching Python programming, work with GDAL and basics of geoinformatics to Earth science students.","PeriodicalId":246793,"journal":{"name":"Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131617530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESTIMATION OF THE RELATIVE INDICATOR OF EXCAVATION OF THE EXCAVATED MASSIVE UNDER CRYOLITHOZONE","authors":"E. L. Alkova, S. Panishev, M. S. Maksimov","doi":"10.17513/use.37511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17513/use.37511","url":null,"abstract":"В статье представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований прочностных свойств многолетнемерзлых пород применительно к оценке трудности выемки взорванного смерзающегося массива. Объективная оценка основных характеристик разрушенного массива позволяет корректно подобрать вскрышное оборудование и обосновать режим его работы. Мерзлые породы обладают значительной прочностью, подготовка их к выемке ведется с помощью буровзрывных работ. Выделяемое при взрыве тепло ведет к изменению свойств многолетнемерзлых пород. В полевых условиях очень сложно получить сдвиговые характеристики смерзающихся вскрышных пород в развале. Ограниченный выбор оборудования и методик для таких исследований подтолкнул авторов к изготовлению собственного лабораторного стенда и искусственно приготовленных образцов, которые имитируют структуру смерзающегося взорванного массива, а также разработке уникальной методики, которая в данных условиях позволяет получать достоверные показатели прочности на срез. Именно прочность на срез является основной характеристикой для расчета относительного показателя трудности экскавации, предложенного академиком Ржевским В.В. Выявлены основные факторы, влияющие на повторное смерзание уже разрушенного массива. Дана оценка полученных зависимостей основных механических и прочностных характеристик взорванного массива при различных варьируемых параметрах гранулометрического состава, температуры и влажности. На основе этих данных произведен расчет показателя трудности экскавации. Установлено, что смерзшаяся взорванная горная масса обладает как свойствами нарушенной среды, так и свойствами однородного массива. Поэтому расчет показателя трудности экскавации по формуле для разрушенного массива применительно к взорванным многолетнемерзлым породам не корректен, что приводит к занижению данного показателя и, как следствие, неверному выбору выемочного оборудования.","PeriodicalId":246793,"journal":{"name":"Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131808599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF BIOGENETIC DIVERSITY OF PLANTS OF FRUIT AND BERRY CROPS IN THE GENE POOL. CREATION OF NEW VARIETIES","authors":"A.F. Gadzhieva, N. Akhundova, N. A. Gasanov","doi":"10.17513/use.37634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17513/use.37634","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246793,"journal":{"name":"Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131855676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ON APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATORS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENTERPRISES","authors":"T. N. Dudina, O. Tarasova","doi":"10.17513/use.37823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17513/use.37823","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246793,"journal":{"name":"Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130858662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}