UPDATING THE CONCEPT OF ECO-TRAIL IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN DEVELOPMENT ECOLOGICAL TOURISM IN RUSSIA

For the purpose of the ecotourism development, the Russian Federation’s policy papers include measures to create an infrastructure to provide services to visitors of specially protected natural areas. The focus of the government support is primarily on creating ecological trails. The relevance of this article is determined by the strategic objective of creating national trails in the Russian Federation. This study provides a critical analysis of theoretical approaches and applied aspects of the concept of eco-trails. It was revealed that there are various derivative terms with the word «trail» used for recreational and educational purposes in the legislative field, theoretical discourse and practical activities. The concept of «eco-trail», which has no generally accepted, unified definition, is the most widespread. It has been noted that the domestic regulatory documents use a definition that significantly narrows down the purpose of eco-trails. It is shown that in modern conditions the trails contribute to solving urgent problems of ecological, social, economic development of a certain territory, in particular, the formation of a healthy lifestyle and physical development, etc. The authors have formulated their own understanding of the definition of the «eco-trail», which is proposed to be a linear-type infrastructure facility that provides for the recreational, cultural, sports and health needs of the population during their time spent in the natural environment. Modern experience of trail construction in Russia is assessed on the example of the Big Baikal Trail in the article, which has been operating in the Republic of Buryatia for twenty years. A brief description is given and a map of the Great Baikal Trail is made within the limits of the central ecological zone of the Baikal natural area. The principles of the trail construction concept are given based on the analysis of long-term practical work on design, construction and operation of trails in areas with unique ecosystem. The problems with land plot formation for trail construction are shown, as well as existing difficulties in path design, construction and use. Practical recommendations for amendments to legislative and regulatory acts are presented.