Applied Clay Science最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of tribological performance of bio-based palm oil reinforced with oleic acid modified kaolin nanoparticles in cold rolling","authors":"Batuhan Özakın ,&nbsp;Kürşat Gültekin ,&nbsp;Özgür Aygür","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing bio-based and high-performance lubricants for sustainable metal forming processes is an increasing necessity in the industry. This study systematically investigated the cold rolling performance of palm nanolubricant doped with oleic acid-modified kaolin nanoparticles. The nanolubricants were prepared at different particle sizes (350 nm and 650 nm) and concentrations (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 wt%). Cold-rolling experiments were then performed on AISI 304 stainless steel strips using reduction ratios of 1.5 % and 7.5 %. The results indicate that, at a 1.5 % reduction ratio, the doping of 0.5 wt% kaolin nanoparticles with a size of 350 nm to the lubricant reduced the rolling force by 28 % compared to pure palm oil and by 40 % under dry conditions. Furthermore, surface roughness values showed significant improvement, with enhancements of 35 % and 51 %, respectively. Small particles (350 nm) were found to effectively fill surface micro-voids to form a protective tribo-film layer, reducing friction and wear and significantly improving surface quality. Two-dimensional (2D) roughness measurements, three-dimensional (3D) area scanning analyses, and material ratio curves (MRC) support each other, confirming this mechanism. The study demonstrates that doping surface-modified kaolin nanoparticles suitable for vegetable-based lubricants is a promising approach for developing new-generation nanolubricants. Under the tested laboratory-scale conditions, these nanolubricants showed potential to reduce friction and wear in cold rolling applications, which may contribute to lower energy consumption and longer roll life, while supporting sustainable manufacturing objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108107"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of aqueous thiotungstates and polytungstates by delaminated magnesium/iron-based layered double hydroxide","authors":"Qian Zhao,&nbsp;Qinghai Guo,&nbsp;Wenqi Zhu,&nbsp;Junbiao Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tungsten (W) is a typical toxic element. Compared to monotungstates, the most common W species, thiotungstates and polytungstates are characterized by higher toxicity and mobility. However, removal of aqueous thiotungstates or polytungstates for environmental protection purposes was little investigated, because it was only recently found that these much-less studied W species may dominate in some (contaminated) natural waters. In view that magnesium/iron-based layered double hydroxide (Mg-Fe-LDH) was capable of removing monotungstates from water, the strategy of delamination of Mg-Fe-LDH was proposed in the present study, which was proved to be effective in improving the sorption of thio/polytungstates. Delaminated Mg-Fe-LDH exhibited a capability to remove aqueous thio/polytungstates rapidly and efficiently because more active sites were exposed on its external surface. Its maximum sorption capacities reached 443.78 mmol/kg for thiotungstates and 579.28 mmol/kg for polytungstates, which were much higher than those reported for other sorbents. Moreover, the W removal efficiency of delaminated Mg-Fe-LDH was not substantially influenced by competitive anions' presence. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that the sorption of thiotungstates and polytungstates was attributed to adsorption-induced restacking of delaminated nanosheets and inner-sphere complexation with Fe atoms on the LDH layer surfaces and edges. Overall, delaminated Mg-Fe-LDH holds a high sorption capacity for thiotungstates and polytungstates under various environmental conditions, making it promising for future large-scale applications in treatment of thio/polytungstates-contaminated waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108104"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interparticle diffusion of dye cations in saponite dispersions monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy","authors":"Juraj Krajč ,&nbsp;Peter Boháč ,&nbsp;Juraj Bujdák","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the first time, the interparticle diffusion of organic dye cations in hybrid clay colloids has been investigated in detail. The phenomenon was directly proven by experiments. Distances between dye molecules were monitored by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), enabling a sensitive probe of diffusion dynamics. Kinetic profiles demonstrated a strong temperature dependence, while additional effects such as concentration quenching and colloidal destabilization also contributed to the observed behavior. This methodology offers a powerful new route for characterizing diffusion phenomena in hybrid clay colloids and analogous systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108091"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized montmorillonite clay with histidine for phosphate capture and recovery from wastewater sludge: Sustainable application as fertilizer to improve soil properties","authors":"Mehr Un Nisa ,&nbsp;Asim Yaqub ,&nbsp;Tayyab Iqbal ,&nbsp;Ali Turab Jafry ,&nbsp;Huma Ajab","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High phosphate discharge into water bodies causes eutrophication, leading to significant ecological harm. In the current study, we use L-His immobilized montmorillonite (His-MMt) adsorbents for the selective capturing of phosphate ions from aqueous solutions. The synthesized adsorbents were characterized through XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET techniques. The intercalation of His-MMt interlayer exhibited an increase in surface area and active sites for phosphate adsorption, as demonstrated by the characterization study. The best adsorption conditions were found to at contact time = 30 min, pH = 4, phosphate concentration = 10 mg/L, adsorbent dosage = 20 mg, and temperature = 320 K. Kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order model (R² ≥ 0.98). Equilibrium data followed the Freundlich isotherm model (R² ≥ 0.98), indicating multilayer adsorption. Thermodynamic analysis brings in ΔH° = 42.92 kJ/mol, ΔS° = 222.56 J/mol·K, and negative ΔG° values, endorsing an endothermic and spontaneous process with high entropy at the solid/solution interface. The maximum adsorption capacity was 81.96 mg/g, and the adsorbent maintained 79 % efficiency even after five regeneration cycles. About 85.1 % phosphate removal in sludge water was achieved as compared to 95 % in controlled experiments, demonstrating significant potential for practical use. Moreover, the phosphate-adsorbed His-MMt shown potential for commercial utilization as a fertilizer by eliminating secondary environmental effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108093"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Evolution of steel-bentonite interactions under hydrothermal gradients: Mineralogical and geochemical implications for nuclear waste disposal” [Applied Clay Science, volume 281 (2026), 108084]","authors":"Carlos Mota-Heredia,&nbsp;Jaime Cuevas,&nbsp;Raúl Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108112"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchically structured cobalt-aluminium layered double hydroxides for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction using calcined cotton fiber templates","authors":"Marta Estrada-Ruiz,&nbsp;Daniel Cosano,&nbsp;Dolores Esquivel,&nbsp;Francisco J. Romero-Salguero,&nbsp;José R. Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, natural cotton fibers were thermally transformed into hollow carbon fibers through a calcination process. These carbon fibers served as templates for the hierarchical synthesis of cobalt‑aluminium layered double hydroxides (CoAl-LDH) using both hydrothermal and homogeneous precipitation methods. Different instrumental techniques such as X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared and Raman spectroscopies and electron microscopy techniques were used to study the synthesized catalysts. The photocatalytic performance of the CoAl-LDH based materials was tested for the photoreduction of CO₂ to CO using [Ru(bpy)₃]Cl₂ as a photosensitizer, and triethanolamine as a sacrificial electron donor. Control experiments confirmed the essential role of each component, as removing any of them resulted in no CO production. Among the catalysts tested, 3D hierarchical CoAl-LDH supported on carbon fibers (LDH@CF) exhibited superior CO production, achieving 18 mmol·g⁻¹ in 90 min, three times higher than the conventional 2D layered double hydroxides under identical conditions. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effect between the carbon substrate and the catalyst, which improves light harvesting, charge separation and CO₂ adsorption. These findings highlight the structural advantages of hierarchical LDH‑carbon composites in advancing CO₂ photoreduction technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108105"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of zeolite 4A synthesis with different particle morphology from kaolin via response surface methodology","authors":"Ivan M. Zdretsov,&nbsp;Andrey M. Gerasimov","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zeolite 4A has numerous established and advanced applications. Using kaolin instead of conventional SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ sources makes its synthesis relatively green and low-cost. The best performance requires zeolite 4A to have high purity and specific particle size and morphology. However, fine-tuning these parameters is challenging due to the many influencing factors, and kaolin as a raw material only increases their number. Here, we modeled the dependence of zeolite 4A properties (relative crystallinity, yield, water vapor capacity, average size of particles and zeolite 4A cubic crystals, average number of cubes in agglomerate) on four synthesis parameters (temperature, time, stirring speed, Na₂O: Al₂O₃) <em>via</em> response surface methodology (RSM), namely the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Products were synthesized in two steps: metakaolinization and hydrothermal crystallization. We applied powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), differential thermal and thermogravimetric analysis (DTA-TGA), laser diffraction analysis (LDA) and other techniques to characterize the samples. As a result, we obtained response surfaces and used them to synthesize zeolite 4A with high relative crystallinity. In addition, it was found that at a high alkali content in the reaction mixture, <em>e.g.</em> Na₂O: Al₂O₃ = 5, the product particles are identical in shape to precursor ones but consist of tiny zeolite crystals with an average size of 0.94–1.83 μm. We also observed several previously known crystallization mechanisms. The obtained models, observations, and experimental data expand the toolbox for producing zeolites from kaolin, and may become the basis for relatively green and low-cost technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108089"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential oil-loaded amine-modified HNTs composites for sustained release and enhanced antibacterial performance in root rot control","authors":"Guixiang Teng ,&nbsp;Hui Yao ,&nbsp;Hongyu Wang ,&nbsp;Shuting Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanzan Meng ,&nbsp;Meng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Chun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To mitigate the detrimental effects of root rot disease on Chinese herbal medicines, this study developed an environmentally friendly sustained-release antimicrobial system (CEO@HNTs-NH₂) based on clove essential oil (CEO) loaded onto amino-functionalized Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs-NH₂). Characterization results revealed that CEO@HNTs-NH₂ enhanced the thermal stability of CEO and significantly strengthened their interaction. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated negative values for both the adsorption energy (−0.5772 eV) and interaction energy (−0.2117 eV) of CEO@HNTs-NH₂, providing molecular-level insights into the sustained-release mechanism. The release studies demonstrated a significantly low cumulative release of 21.20 ± 0.43 % over 10 days, exhibiting Fickian diffusion kinetics (R² = 0.99). This controlled release profile effectively mitigates the inherent volatility of CEO. Innovatively, we fabricated HAK clay tablets by compounding CEO@HNTs-NH₂ with Attapulgite and Kaolin—serving as structural supporter and coating agent, respectively—at an optimal 3:2:2 ratio. The tablet formulation conditions were optimized by Box-Behnken Design, yielding the optimal parameters: molding temperature of 30 °C, pressure of 0.86 MPa, and holding time of 32 min. Finally, the pot experiments demonstrated that HAK tablets significantly reduced the plant disease severity of <em>Rehmannia</em> by 59.8 % (Prevention group) and 32.2 % (Treatment group) compared to the Pathogenic group, confirming their potentially antimicrobial efficacy. In summary, this clay mineral nanocomposite system achieves controlled release through synergistic physico-chemical interactions, offering an innovative strategy for the application of clay minerals in sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 108066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-year thermo-hydro-mechanical and chemical evolution of compacted bentonite: reactive transport","authors":"María Victoria Villar ,&nbsp;Andrés Idiart ,&nbsp;Emilie Coene ,&nbsp;Jaime Cuevas ,&nbsp;Ana María Melón ,&nbsp;Ana I. Ruiz ,&nbsp;Almudena Ortega ,&nbsp;Ville Heino","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To help describing and understanding the mechanisms and factors governing the geochemical evolution and mineralogical alteration of compacted bentonite under hydraulic and thermal gradients similar to those experienced by engineered barriers in radioactive waste repositories, an experimental and modelling programme was carried out. Six thermo-hydraulic tests were performed in cylindrical cells (10 × 10 cm) using compacted Wyoming-type bentonite. The bottom of the cells was initially heated at 90 °C and once hydraulic equilibrium was reached, hydration of the bentonite started through the top surface for different periods of time (1, 2.5 and 5 years). The top surface was maintained at 20 °C during the whole test duration to induce a thermal gradient. The composition of the hydration water reproduced, for half of the cells, that of a saline groundwater and for the other half, of a dilute glacial water. The temperature of the heater was increased to 110 °C after ∼1 year of hydration. At termination, the bentonite was characterised. The thermo-hydraulic evolution during operation, final state of the bentonite and its mineralogical changes were simulated with a thermo-hydro-chemical model and reported in a companion paper.</div><div>Hydration brought about dissolution of calcite and gypsum, partial substitution of exchangeable sodium by calcium in the interlayer and transport of solutes towards hotter areas, where they precipitated as anhydrite and halite when saline water was used. In the longer term, the concentration gradient prompted the diffusive transport of chloride. The cation exchange capacity did not change over time, confirming the lack of changes in the montmorillonite crystal-chemistry that the mineralogical analyses had shown. The smectite interlayer composition kept its predominant monovalent character, although the exchangeable magnesium and potassium increased transitorily towards the heater while the bentonite remained unsaturated. The patterns observed were the same irrespective of the kind of water used, but the processes were enhanced with saline water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 108086"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quarry waste clays as supplementary cementitious materials: Mineralogical evolution and pozzolanic performance after thermal activation","authors":"Erdi Avci ,&nbsp;Elif Sidimi ,&nbsp;Nana Asaam ,&nbsp;Aysu Dag ,&nbsp;Atiye Tugrul ,&nbsp;Priyadharshini Perumal","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.108085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the potential of thermally activated quarry waste as alternative supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) for sustainable binder systems. Three clay-rich materials were collected from a sand quarry located on the European side of Istanbul: two natural overburden clays (Yellow Layer-YL and Blue Layer-BL) and one process-derived sludge waste (TA) generated during sand washing. All samples were sieved (&lt;150 μm), dried, and calcined at 800 °C for 2 h. Mineralogical (XRD), chemical (XRF), and thermal (TG, FTIR) analyses were conducted to evaluate phase transformation and amorphous phase development. Pozzolanic reactivity was assessed by the R³ test, including heat release and bound water measurements. Results showed that the TA sample exhibited the highest reactivity due to its kaolinite content and fine, homogeneous particle structure. In contrast, the BL sample demonstrated limited reactivity owing to the dominance of thermally stable phases such as muscovite and albite. Mortar specimens prepared with 20 % SCM replacement were tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days using both CEM I and CEM II binders. The TA-C mixture achieved a compressive strength index (CSI) of 102.9 % with CEM I at 14 days, indicating strong early-age performance, while YL-C showed the highest 28-day strength with CEM II (CSI = 97.9 %). These findings confirm that sludge-based SCMs, when properly activated, can match or even exceed the performance of conventional systems, offering a viable strategy for resource-efficient and low-carbon cementitious materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"281 ","pages":"Article 108085"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}