Applied Clay Science最新文献

{"title":"Effect of mechanical activation on the structural, morphological and textural properties of synthetic high-charge micas","authors":"Aníbal López-Marín ,&nbsp;Fernando Aguado ,&nbsp;Rosa Martín-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Ana C. Perdigón","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry grinding is an effective method for mechanically activating clay minerals to enhance their efficiency in various material applications. This is achieved by increasing the number of exposed active sites and the overall surface area through particle size reduction. Nevertheless, this method frequently results in a reduction of crystallinity or alterations in the structure of the clay material. In this context, trioctahedral clays with a high aluminum content exhibit greater structural resistance to degradation. Thus, this work aimed to employ dry grinding as an effective top-down nano-sintering method to obtain nano-clays from the high-charge mica family. High-charge micas are a group of trioctahedral synthetic micas with aluminum in the tetrahedral layer, widely studied because of their interesting adsorption properties. The novelty of this work laid in demonstrating that dry grinding can effectively reduce the particle size of high-charge micas to the nanoscale while preserving their structural integrity, representing a significant advancement in the controlled mechanical activation of trioctahedral clays without inducing amorphization. To reduce the risk of amorphization, gentle milling conditions were applied using a planetary ball mill. After 15 min of grinding at 500 rpm, a substantial reduction in particle size from microns to the nanoscale was obtained, while preserving the long and short-range order of the material. Moreover, despite prolonged grinding, an increase in external surface area was still evident, while the characteristic structural properties of micas remained intact. Montmorillonite, a natural clay mineral, was used as a reference for comparing the structural and textural properties under equivalent grinding conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107969"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the research landscape of calcined clay and LC3: A bibliometric perspective on emerging challenges and opportunities","authors":"Ariel Miranda de Souza ,&nbsp;José Maria Franco de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Gabriela Moreira Silva ,&nbsp;Leonardo Gonçalves Pedroti ,&nbsp;Guilherme Jorge Brigolini Silva ,&nbsp;Ricardo André Fiorotti Peixoto","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To reduce carbon emissions in cement production and maintain productivity with an abundantly available supplementary cementitious material, research into limestone calcined clay cement (LC³) has been gaining prominence. This study aims to understand the research gaps, emerging themes, and innovation perspectives by examining the data and metrics of published articles found in the SCOPUS database, using the VOSviewer, Bibliometrix and Pajek software tools. This bibliometric analysis, while focused on LC³, intentionally includes studies on calcined clays due to their importance as a key component and the relevance of technological advancements in this area for LC³ development. Keyword analysis highlighted a predominant focus on reactivity and mechanical performance, while revealing underexplored areas such as durability, sustainability and rheology. Emerging themes include LC³ performance in harsh environments, circular economy applications, and post-fire scenarios. The findings point to future research directions emphasizing clay rheology and comprehensive life cycle assessments, contributing to the advancement of LC³ as a sustainable cement alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107952"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe–rich saponite as a catalyst for the solvent free synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles","authors":"Raihamol Erattammottil Thampikannu ,&nbsp;Alejandro Jiménez ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Vicente ,&nbsp;Alan M. Johnson ,&nbsp;Kannan Vellayan","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fe–rich saponite clay mineral solids have been tested as heterogeneous catalysts for organic synthesis. The major aim was the synthesis of substituted imidazoles under solvent free conditions. Saponite was used in the natural rock form, purified by dispersion–decantation (&lt;2 μm fraction), and calcined at 750 °C. The catalysts were characterized by X–ray diffraction, FT–IR spectroscopy, thermal analyses, N₂ adsorption–desorption and electron microscopy. The calcined solid showed the best catalytic performance (86 %), and the purified uncalcined solid also gave good yield (78 %). The temperature and time of the reaction, and the catalyst doses were optimized, 120 °C, 3 h and 30 mg being the optimal conditions. The reaction was also carried out using different substrates, finding that electron–withdrawing groups from aldehydes tended to increase electrophilicity, while slightly electron–withdrawing groups from amines improved reactivity. The best catalyst was reusable over four cycles without appreciable loss in activity. The prepared solids are environment friendly catalysts for this reaction under solvent–free conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107956"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and multifaceted characterization of bioactive Co-Y-Fe layered double hydroxide: bridging peroxidase-mimic function with antibacterial and anticancer efficacy in a unified strategy","authors":"Simin Khataee ,&nbsp;Alireza Khataee ,&nbsp;Samaneh Rashtbari ,&nbsp;Samira Arefi-Oskoui ,&nbsp;Nurbolat Kudaibergenov ,&nbsp;Alua Alikeyeva ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Dehghan","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing antibiotic-resistant infections and rapidly progressing cancers have led to a serious demand for more effective platforms to overcome the challenges related to conventional therapies. The catalytic reaction between nanozymes and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generates reactive oxygen species (ROSs), which effectively break down bacterial cell walls and induce apoptosis in cancer cells without causing significant off-target effects. Accordingly, nanozymes have emerged as promising nanostructures for biomedical and antibacterial applications. Herein, a novel cobalt(II)‑yttrium(III)‑iron(III) layered double hydroxide (Co-Y-Fe LDH) was synthesized and characterized in terms of structure, composition, and surface properties. After investigating the enzyme-mimic performance, the peroxidase-based antibacterial efficiency was extensively evaluated against <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>), showing a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Co-Y-Fe LDH to be 38.7 ± 0.53 μg mL⁻¹ and 33.1 ± 0.41 μg mL⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the cytotoxic evaluations exhibited potent anticancer activity against cancer cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 25.01 ± 1.2 μg mL⁻¹. Meanwhile, the case-studied nanozyme exhibited insignificant toxicity towards the human normal cells. These results indicate the multifunctional capabilities of Co-Y-Fe LDH as an effective antibacterial and anticancer agent with a biocompatible nature for a wide range of applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107959"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of microbial alteration and diagenetic evolution on clay minerals transformation in lacustrine basin","authors":"Xueyu Yao ,&nbsp;Zhijun Jin ,&nbsp;Fujie Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhenguo Qi ,&nbsp;Renda Huang ,&nbsp;Xinping Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clay minerals transformation has received much attention because of its impact on hydrocarbon generation, sediment physical properties, rock compressibility, and fault frictional characteristics. However, the role of microorganisms in facilitating clay minerals transformation during the early diagenetic stage in lacustrine basins was less studied, as previous works have focused mainly on marine and marine-continental transitional environments. This study focuses on the Cretaceous Mingshui Formation (K₂m) to Shahezi Formation (K₂s) mud shales in the Songliao Basin because of their high clay mineral contents. X-ray diffraction analysis, major element analysis, sulfur isotope analysis, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), along with a kinetic model of smectite-illite transformation, were used to investigate the variations in the content and characteristics of the transformation continental mud shale clay minerals during sedimentation and diagenesis. The findings indicate that the predominant clay minerals are smectite(S) and illite(I) in shallow buried strata (&lt;1000 m), whereas I and illite-smectite mixed layers(I/S) are the main components in more deeply buried strata (&gt;1000 m). Microorganisms such as methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria promoted the transformation of smectite to illite in mud shale from the early diagenetic stage in the semideep to deep lake sediments. However, such transformation was not observed in the semideep lake to shallow lake transitional sediments, as the oxygen and weak oxidizing sedimentary environment did not facilitate such microbial processes. In this work, two models for clay minerals transformation were proposed: (1) a clay minerals transformation model that is solely controlled by abiotic factors (such as temperature and pressure) at basin margins, and (2) a clay minerals transformation model that is collaboratively influenced by biotic and abiotic factors at basin sedimentary centers. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of clay minerals transformation under biological influences, elucidate microbial roles in promoting smectite-illite transformation during early diagenesis, and enhance the transformation sequence of clay minerals in lacustrine basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 107957"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The constraints on oxidation of structural Fe(II) by aqueous Fe3+ and the pathways of electron transfer in clay minerals","authors":"Jing Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Gao ,&nbsp;Aimin Cai ,&nbsp;Yilin Wang ,&nbsp;Yayun Li ,&nbsp;Jie Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron-bearing clay minerals act as crucial redox-active metastable phases in the fate of redox-sensitive constituents in aqueous environments. This study focuses on the constraints and pathways of electron transfer between structural Fe(II) (Fe(<em>II</em>)_str) in clay mineral and aqueous Fe³⁺ (Fe(III)_aq). Various batch experiments were conducted using partially reduced clay minerals to investigate the impacts of clay mineral type, reduction extent, initial Fe(III)_aq concentration, and solution pH on the electron transfer process. The results demonstrate that higher reduction extents of clay minerals, higher initial Fe(III)_aq concentrations, and lower pH conditions enhance the electron transfer. Notably, the existence of Fe(<em>II</em>)_str is a prerequisite for its electron-donating to the Fe(<em>III</em>)_aq, but the occurrence also depends on the availability of electron “bridges” such as Fe(II)-O-Fe(III) entities in the clay mineral lattice or the ability of Fe(III)_aq to enter the interlayer space via ion-exchange. The pathway of Fe(<em>II</em>)_str- Fe(<em>III</em>)_aq electron transfer varies among different clay minerals: Fe(<em>III</em>)_aq acquires electrons from Fe(<em>II</em>)_str primarily through edge sites in nontronite, while through the basal plane in montmorillonite. In contrast, for the structurally stable illite without swelling properties, Fe(<em>III</em>)_aq has difficulty in acquiring electrons from Fe(<em>II</em>)_str. This study provides new insights into the geochemical cycling of iron in natural environments and its impact on redox-sensitive elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 107940"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ca-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) from the rehydration of calcined katoite: Chloride binding capacity and cementitious properties","authors":"Antonia Alana Lima Pacheco ,&nbsp;Thiago Ricardo Santos Nobre ,&nbsp;Gabriel Braga Marques Teobaldo ,&nbsp;Cristiano Luis Pinto de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Antonio C. Vieira Coelho ,&nbsp;Sérgio Cirelli Angulo","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, calcium‑aluminum layered double hydroxides (Ca-Al LDHs) were obtained through the rehydration of calcined katoite, a novel approach to produce a fast-reactive binder able to incorporate chloride ions for applications in cementitious materials. The katoite precursor was first synthesized <em>via</em> a mechanochemical method and then calcined at 400 °C. <em>In-situ</em> techniques were employed to investigate the rehydration reaction, phase formation, and the resulting material properties, with a focus on chloride binding and cementitious properties. Hydrocalumite (Ca-Al LDH) was identified as the main product from the rehydration of calcined katoite in the chloride solution, incorporating chloride ions and water while releasing heat immediately. The LDH phase constituted up to 69 wt% of the rehydrated product after 24 h of reaction, and an estimation of the proportion of Cl ions pointed out to <span><math><msub><mi>χ</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>Cl</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>Cl</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>Ca</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.70</mn></math></span>, with possible partial incorporation of carbonate ions. The kinetics of the rehydration reaction, structural parameters and possible mechanisms of formation of the LDHs were assessed. Cementitious properties were observed from the rehydrated paste, which exhibited a high yield stress (273 Pa) even with a liquid volume of 75 %. The combination of rapid reactivity, significative chloride and water binding, and appealing fresh-state and hardening behavior indicate the potential of calcined katoite as a fast-reactive binder, able to be further explored as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and for durability purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 107947"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144779791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivity assessment of calcined illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite in R3 mixtures","authors":"Pengfei Zhao,&nbsp;Karl Peterson","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the pozzolanic reactivity of calcined illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite using the more recently standardized rapid, relevant, and reliable (R³) test methods as specified in ASTM C1897. The reactions involving calcite and the calcined clay minerals were examined by comparing the cumulative heat release in the R³ mixtures with and without calcite, and by analyzing the hydrated R³ mixtures using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that the R³ reactivity of calcined clay minerals exhibits a positive linear relationship with the number of hydroxyl groups present in their original mineral structures. Strong correlations were observed among cumulative heat release, bound water content, and dehydroxylation mass loss of clay minerals. This suggests that the dehydroxylation mass loss can be used as an indicator for the initial screening of potential clay sources for use as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). However, the optimal calcination temperatures for illite and montmorillonite do not fall within their dehydroxylation temperature ranges. While calcite has a limited impact on the cumulative heat release, it facilitates the formation of monocarbonate (C₄A <span><math><mover><mi>C</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span> H₁₁) and enhances its uniform distribution in the calcined kaolinite R³ mixture. In comparison, the reactions involving calcite with calcined illite and montmorillonite in their R³ mixtures are limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 107950"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding cation exchange capacity measurement for bentonite-cement reactions","authors":"Arkadiusz Derkowski ,&nbsp;Adam Zięba ,&nbsp;Reiner Dohrmann ,&nbsp;Stephan Kaufhold","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107938","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Bentonite barriers in repositories for high-level radioactive waste disposal are expected to interact with Portland cement, which is commonly used during the underground construction of repositories. These reactions occur at a high pH (&gt;12), leading to the formation of XRD-amorphous calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phase and its crystalline analogue, tobermorite, as well as Ca‑carbonate, Ca- and Mg-silicate phases, including zeolites. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) is a key parameter frequently used to evaluate bentonite's ability to swell and adsorb cationic species released from nuclear waste over its lifespan. In addition to being influenced by the residual smectite content, newly formed phases generated during bentonite-cement reactions may also contribute to the bulk CEC. Moreover, the extremely high pH of the reacted material when in contact with water raises questions about the reliability of CEC measurements under such conditions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this study, the CEC of both reacted and unreacted bentonite-cement mixtures was tested using hexamminecobalt(III) ([Co(NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;) index cation and a spectrophotometric method, under natural pH of the suspension. The extinction of the [Co(NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; solution was almost constant even at high pH, up to 12.5. Fresh, unwashed bentonite-cement mixtures showed higher-than-predicted CEC values due to the strong contribution of smectite edge charges which develop at high pH. Extended washing of the material via dialysis lowered the pH and reduced the excess Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; cations content. After dialysis (up to 4 days), the CEC of bentonite-cement mixtures increased and exceeded the CEC predicted from the smectite content alone. In long-term bentonite-cement reactions (3–36 months, at 80 °C), an initial equilibration occurred rapidly, within days, followed by the slow crystallization of tobermorite at the expense of smectite. However, the large effective dimension of the [Co(NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; cation prevents it from entering the tobermorite structure (as it does to zeolite structures), which results in insignificant contribution of tobermorite to the bulk CEC.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;All CEC values measured with the [Co(NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;]&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt; index cationion reacted bentonite-cement samples were found to be a combination of the exchange by residual smectite and the contribution from new-formed C-S-H phase. The C-S-H phase develops its own surface CEC, which is highly variable and increases as its structural Ca/Si ratio decreases. Soda-soluble silica present in the raw bentonite lowers the Ca/Si ratio in the newly formed C-S-H phase, thereby increasing the CEC of the bulk sample. Also, extensive leaching of Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; cations in an open system during cement maturation decreases the Ca/Si ratio in the newly formed C-S-H phase, enhancing its CEC contribution. In conclusion, CEC measurements on react","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 107938"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144756940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protoporphyrin-grafted halloysite nanotubes for boosted photodynamic activity in chitosan nanocomposite films","authors":"Marina Massaro ,&nbsp;Federica Leone ,&nbsp;Angelo Nicosia ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Lazzara ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Cavallaro ,&nbsp;Grazia M.L. Messina ,&nbsp;César Viseras ,&nbsp;Rita Sánchez-Espejo ,&nbsp;Monica Notarbartolo ,&nbsp;Roberta Puglisi ,&nbsp;Placido G. Mineo ,&nbsp;Raquel de Melo Barbosa ,&nbsp;Serena Riela","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitosan-based materials are widely explored for biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and excellent film-forming ability. In this work, we report the development of hybrid chitosan films reinforced with halloysite nanotubes (Hal) covalently functionalized with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), aiming to enhance their photodynamic properties. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising and minimally invasive technique for cancer treatment due to its selectivity and low toxicity. However, the clinical use of many photosensitizers, such as PPIX, is limited by their poor solubility in water. The covalent anchoring of PPIX onto the external surface of Hal significantly improved its availability in water, which was further enhanced upon coordination with Zn²⁺ ions. The resulting Hal-PPIX nanomaterials were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques and evaluated, both chemically and biologically, for their ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light irradiation. As proof of concept, the nanomaterials were incorporated into chitosan films and studied for their mechanical properties and AFM was employed to investigate the surface morphology of them. The results demonstrate the potential of these bio-based nanocomposites as promising candidates for topical photodynamic therapy, particularly in skin cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 107942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}