Xiaoyan Zhu , Zhipeng Sun , Minghe Du , Yi Liu , Huixi Li , Heng Deng , Chunjie Yan , Shengping Wang
{"title":"Water oxidation catalysts from electrochemical intercalating [PW12O40]3‐ and synthesizing layered double hydroxide on high conductivity rGO@Ni foam","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhu , Zhipeng Sun , Minghe Du , Yi Liu , Huixi Li , Heng Deng , Chunjie Yan , Shengping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing an efficient and durable water oxidation catalyst is essential for the large-scale application of water electrolysis technologies. Novel catalysts, NF@rGO-LDH-PWs, were constructed through the electrochemical synthesis of Keggin-structure [PW<sub>12</sub>O<sub>40</sub>]<sup>3−</sup> intercalated layered double hydroxide (LDH) arrays on porous nickel foams coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The optimized intrinsic properties, such as enhanced conductivity, modulated electronic structure and constructed abundant diffusion paths, endow the hetero-structure catalyst with noteworthy oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performances in alkaline medium. Under optimal conditions, the catalyst exhibited an overpotential of 223 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, a Tafel slope of 33 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>, an exchange current density of 8.3 × 10<sup>−2</sup> mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, an activation energy of 14.60 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup> and a double-layer capacitance of 12.31 mF cm<sup>−2</sup>, all of which are superior to those of its single-component counterparts. The turnover frequency (TOF) reached 0.38 s<sup>−1</sup>, which is approximately 5 times higher than that of the substrate materials. Furthermore, the catalyst demonstrated excellent stability, with a relative standard deviation of only 0.09 % during 12 h of continuous operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 107887"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Rashidul Islam , Ravi Naidu , Bhabananda Biswas
{"title":"Kaolin clay-based diets for managing livestock's health and methane emission problem","authors":"Md. Rashidul Islam , Ravi Naidu , Bhabananda Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased livestock production is essential to meet the rising food and agri-services demand. However, livestock emit 70–95 % of agricultural methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), a potent greenhouse gas, through their enteric fermentation. While various feed additives have been proposed to address CH<sub>4</sub> emissions and livestock production, this review highlights the potential of kaolin clays to serve these benefits by leveraging animals’ natural consumption habits. Over 136 non-human animal species are actively engaged in geophagy (earth-eating), and most of them prefer kaolin-rich soils. These animals routinely consume such soils as a source of essential minerals, and to manage gut parasites/pathogens, mycotoxins, gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, and acidosis. By learning from these feeding habits and their health benefits, raw and modified kaolin minerals can be used as feed ingredients in livestock’s regular diets. The unique morphology (<em>e.g.</em>, platy kaolinite and hollow tubular halloysite) and surface properties (<em>e.g.</em>, easy dispersion in solution to develop high Al<sup>3+</sup> and polyhydroxy-Al ions) of kaolin can reduce enteric CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by intervening in its related biochemical reactions, while enhancing animal production. At the same time, these added clay particles are excreted through the feces. Unprocessed kaolin may often contain iron as an impurity, which is typically considered an economic burden due to additional processing requirements. However, this kaolin can be beneficial as a feed ingredient as it can enhance enteric CH<sub>4</sub> inhibition as well as alleviate iron deficiencies in livestock. This review will also discuss possible modifications of kaolin prior to adding it as a feed supplement for better and more sustainable outcomes in managing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, and animal health problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 107891"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pore structure response of reconstituted kaolin and illite-smectite mixed-layer rich clay to 1D compression","authors":"Yanhao Zheng , Béatrice A. Baudet","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigated the pore structure response of kaolin and illite/smectite mixed-layer rich clay in a reconstituted state to one-dimensional (1D) compression by first performing oedometer tests on saturated clay slurries, followed by characterising their pore structure using multi-scale characterisation techniques, with the primary objective of advancing the current understanding of the microstructural mechanisms underlying the macroscopic deformation of such clays. Under 1D loading, the volume reduction observed at the macro level essentially represented the macroscopic manifestation of changes in inter-aggregate porosity at the pore scale. It was the inter-particle pores that were compressed, despite the interlayer pores remaining stable. Two distinct pore collapse mechanisms were identified: kaolin exhibited a progressive collapse of particular larger pore population in an ordered manner, whereas illite/smectite mixed-layer rich clay demonstrated overall compression of inter-aggregate pores. Accordingly, mathematical relationships between the porosity and compressibility parameters for these two soils were proposed, with the two exhibiting opposite trends arising from their distinct microstructural features. Approaching from the unique perspective of pore structure, quantitative analysis of pore orientation and morphology on the vertical and horizontal planes demonstrated some progressively increasing anisotropy during compression. These findings provide important insights into pore-scale mechanisms governing clay compression behaviour and enrich the limited microporosity database in soil mechanics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 107892"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply to discussion on “Quantitative analogism on montmorillonite mineral layer filtration ability against micro-materials” by Hideo Komine","authors":"Hideo Komine","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107900"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeni Rahmawati , Pedro Sánchez-Camacho , Greg A. Mutch , Alfa Akustia Widati , Triyanda Gunawan , Hamzah Fansuri
{"title":"Geopolymer membrane – photocatalyst coupling for textile wastewater treatment","authors":"Zeni Rahmawati , Pedro Sánchez-Camacho , Greg A. Mutch , Alfa Akustia Widati , Triyanda Gunawan , Hamzah Fansuri","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents the coupling of a geopolymer membrane (GM) with a photocatalyst (TiO<sub>2</sub>), to combine filtration and photodegradation during wastewater treatment, using methylene blue as a model. The GM was prepared through the geopolymerization of metakaolin and alkali activator with pore modification through direct foaming. The photocatalyst TiO<sub>2</sub> was impregnated into the GMs, with loadings of 2.5, 5 and 10 wt%. The influence of TiO<sub>2</sub> addition on the characteristics of the membranes was investigated using several techniques (SEM, XRD, FTIR and open porosity determination techniques). The addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> influenced the porosity as well as the performance of GMs. In terms of methylene blue filtration-degradation, the TiO<sub>2</sub> loading exhibited its influence in a distinctive manner. The GM-TiO<sub>2</sub> 10 wt% exhibited complete rejection with very low hydraulic permeability, owing to the lowest open porosity. The GM-TiO<sub>2</sub> 5 wt% inferred the highest improvement on hydraulic permeability with a consistent rejection value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107886"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shu Jiang , Jinhua Wang , Jiaqi Chen , Xiaotong Huo , Yongkang Cao
{"title":"A novel chemically bonded phosphate ceramics derived from metakaolin and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate for restoration of stone relics","authors":"Shu Jiang , Jinhua Wang , Jiaqi Chen , Xiaotong Huo , Yongkang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Choosing proper cementitious material for the restoration of stone relics with high strength is challenging. In this study, a novel chemically bonded phosphate ceramics (CBPCs) was prepared based on acid-base reaction adopting metakaolin (MK) and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (Ca(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O, MCPM). The reaction products mainly consist of brushite (CaHPO<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O) and phosphorus‑aluminum silicate gel phase. In which, the appropriate amount of brushite can fill the gap in the gel phase, favoring more densified microstructure and higher mechanical performance. Notably, the activated alumina in metakaolin is the key reaction component, and the P/Al molar ratios affect the compositions and properties. Besides, the physicochemical properties of the product are comparable to stone matrix. Further, the concentration of the undesirable soluble salt ions is less than 7 % of ordinary Portland cement, which can effectively avoid salt damage and guarantee the applicational safety of the stone relics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107880"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahang Fan , Xianjie Liu , Mengyao Yang , Mingyong Liu , Qianchao Ma , Liangjie Fu , Xin Min , Zhaohui Huang
{"title":"Synthesis of zeolite 4A from low-grade kaolin containing muscovite and quartz via ultrafast Joule heating route: A comparison with conventional calcination","authors":"Jiahang Fan , Xianjie Liu , Mengyao Yang , Mingyong Liu , Qianchao Ma , Liangjie Fu , Xin Min , Zhaohui Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduced an innovative ultrafast Joule heating route for synthesizing zeolite 4 A from low-grade kaolin and made a comparison with the conventional calcination route. Comprehensive characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mineral liberation analysis (MLA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that the raw kaolin is primarily composed of kaolinite, muscovite, and quartz, with the latter two minerals intimately intergrown with kaolinite as impurities. Conventional calcination failed to convert muscovite and quartz, leaving them as residual impurities in the zeolite 4 A product. While precursors (sodium aluminosilicate and orthoclase) were rapidly generated by ultrafast Joule heating under the action of Al(OH)<sub>3</sub> and Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, and the muscovite and quartz impurities were effectively converted and utilized at 1300 °C for 20s, the precursors were then crystallized through hydrothermal treatment to synthesize zeolite 4 A, incorporating their Si and Al components into the zeolite framework, and the partial replacement of Na<sup>+</sup> in the zeolite framework by K<sup>+</sup> released from muscovite via ion exchange, but the overall purity and phase uniformity of zeolite 4 A were significantly improved. This research provides a novel and efficient pathway for the resource utilization of low-grade kaolin and the synthesis of zeolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107889"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Wang , Xiangru Chen , Xiaolan Zhao , Fuyou Fan , Xiangyu Zeng , Xinyi Shi , Duoqiang Pan , Wangsuo Wu
{"title":"Mechanism of uranium retention via reductive biotite under the aerobic conditions: Role of structural ferrous iron","authors":"Peng Wang , Xiangru Chen , Xiaolan Zhao , Fuyou Fan , Xiangyu Zeng , Xinyi Shi , Duoqiang Pan , Wangsuo Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive understanding of the environmental fate of uranium necessitates a thorough understanding of the sequestration mechanism of uranium on typical rock-forming minerals. In this work, the sorption behavior and mechanism of uranium on four kinds of biotite with different iron contents were investigated, and the role of structural ferrous iron in uranium sorption was determined with spectroscopic techniques. The results indicated that the interactions of U(VI) with biotite are governed primarily by redox reactions and surface complexation. The reduction in the U(VI) is induced by structural ferrous iron, which accounts for approximately half of the iron content, and an increased iron content in biotite can augment the number of binding and reduction sites available for U(VI). Biotite weathering facilitated U(VI) reduction to UO<sub>2</sub> or hyperstoichiometric uranium oxides, and the amounts of electrons transferred between ferrous iron and the absorbed U(VI) exhibited a linear relationship, which highlights the pivotal role of ferrous iron in uranium sorption. Uranium sorption in anaerobic conditions exceeds aerobic conditions due to improved electron transport and reduction efficiency. These insights are essential for understanding the mechanisms behind uranium retention in biotite-rich granitic terrains and offer valuable perspectives on potential strategies for remediating uranium-contaminated sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107890"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emil M. Kinslev, Ahmed Awadalkarim, Ida L. Fabricius
{"title":"Rock physics modelling of microstructural changes and hysteresis during loading and unloading of Paleogene smectitic clay","authors":"Emil M. Kinslev, Ahmed Awadalkarim, Ida L. Fabricius","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deformation properties of Paleogene smectite-rich clays are of concern in relation to infrastructure in Denmark. The clays are known locally as “high plasticity clays”, but when consolidated naturally or in the laboratory, a significant part of the deformation is reversible. However, the oedometer modulus is not constant, as unloading-reloading loops contain significant hysteresis. By using methods developed for rock physics interpretations of borehole acoustic data, this paper demonstrates how the reversible deformation and hysteresis can be interpreted as the result of an interplay of the stress-controlled changing area of particle contact, repulsion between particles due to the layer of hydrated ions adsorbed on each particle surface, as well as the stress-induced merging of adsorbed layers of hydrated ions. This adsorbed-layer merging is reversible and hysteretic and can explain the hysteresis found in loading/unloading experiments. No supposed reversible slipping of solid particles is required. The energy associated with hysteresis would reflect the transport of ions between the merged adsorbed layers and the free pore water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 107864"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}