{"title":"Eco-friendly design of active montmorillonite nanofillers for reinforcing the anti-corrosion property of epoxy coating","authors":"Xianliang Li, Yawei Shao, Yanqiu Wang, Junyi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a montmorillonite (MMT)-based composite coating with long-term corrosion protection for mild steel was prepared. This composite coating incorporated the montmorillonite@polydopamine@cerium phytate (MMT@PDA@PACe) nanofiller, prepared by the easily layer-by-layer surface assembly method. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and surface morphology studies showed that the prepared composite coating exhibited long-term protective performance, self-healing performance, and good integrity. In this instance, on the one hand, two-dimensional (2D) MMT could block the path of corrosive media penetrating the coating. Also, organic modification of PDA and PACe could enhance the dispersibility and compatibility of inorganic MMT fillers, thus enhancing the coating barrier effect. On the other hand, composite materials could perceive corrosion reactions and actively release corrosion inhibitors to improve corrosion resistance performance further. The coating's self-healing performance and release characteristics of corrosion inhibitors were investigated by the EIS and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) tests. Moreover, after 60 d immersion, the <em>|Z|</em><sub>0.01 Hz</sub> value of the 0.5 wt% MMT@PDA@PACe composite coating was over 10<sup>9</sup> Ω·cm<sup>2</sup>, which is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the bare coating. Simultaneously, the adhesive force studies were applied to the composite coatings, and the results illustrated that the coating had the highest dry conditions adhesion force with 5.43 MPa and the lowest adhesion force loss rate at 14.1 % after 30 d of immersion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 107739"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra Jourdain , Patrick Dutournié , Laure Michelin , Jean-Marc Le Meins , Jocelyne Brendlé , Nicolas Michau , Christelle Martin , Liva Dzene
{"title":"Clay minerals formation in MgO-SiO2-H2O low temperature system by hydrothermal synthesis: A study in function of Mg/Si molar ratio and pH","authors":"Alexandra Jourdain , Patrick Dutournié , Laure Michelin , Jean-Marc Le Meins , Jocelyne Brendlé , Nicolas Michau , Christelle Martin , Liva Dzene","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2024.107647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2024.107647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium only-phyllosilicates such as serpentines (1:1) and stevensite (2:1) do exist in nature but are not abundant in pure form, whereas synthesized materials can ensure higher purity. Clay mineral hydrothermal synthesis is quite easy to perform, however, the condensation reactions leading to the formation of these phyllosilicates and their precursors are not well understood. Such knowledge would allow to predict the synthesis outcome in case of variation of experimental parameters. This study reports a chemical reaction mechanism explaining the parameters that are determining the type of the formed clay mineral. After a detailed characterization of each obtained phase, it is shown that pH has a lower effect compared to Mg to Si molar ratio. Our results show that above pH 10 the mechanisms of lizardite and stevensite formation are similar with the same elementary units, but that the type of material obtained depends on the availability in excess of magnesium (formation of lizardite) or silicon (formation of stevensite).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 107647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Na Sun , Zhanfeng Hou , Zeshang Jiang , Jieting Geng , Lin Xia
{"title":"Facile modification of sepiolite and its application in wear-resistant and superhydrophobic epoxy coatings by mimicking the structure of shark skin","authors":"Na Sun , Zhanfeng Hou , Zeshang Jiang , Jieting Geng , Lin Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2024.107642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2024.107642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superhydrophobic surfaces have demonstrated significant potential in various fields. Nonetheless, creating durable superhydrophobic surfaces with practical application value remains a major challenge. This study utilizes biomimicry to prepare a series of composites similar to shark skin, which possesses hydrophobic and wear-resistant properties. A dual-coating strategy was developed to create a durable and wear-resistant superhydrophobic surface. This article introduces a novel approach by incorporating chemically modified sepiolite and graphite nanoparticles in a layer-by-layer composite for enhancing wear resistance in epoxy resin coatings. Epoxy resin (EP) was used as the matrix material, graphite nanoparticles (GNP) were incorporated for the wear-resistant layer, and modified superhydrophobic Sepiolite (osSep) particles were utilized for the superhydrophobic layer. Both of these layers could form hydrogen bonds with epoxy resin, leading to a functional coating that offers wear resistance, superhydrophobicity, chemical stability, and self-cleaning properties. This article applies EP@GNP@osSep composites to glass, wood, and stainless steel mesh, imparting excellent superhydrophobic properties, wear resistance, self-cleaning abilities, and anti-staining properties. The superhydrophobic coating prepared in this manuscript can meet the requirements of robustness and superhydrophobicity for various materials, with promising market potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 107642"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preface to Clays for Earth, Health and Environment: A contribution from EuroClay 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2024.107645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2024.107645","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 107645"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143182002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lingzhi Xie , Chuanqing Yu , Yao Zhang , Bo He , Runxi Wang , Jun Liu
{"title":"Multiscale and quantitative study of thermal conductivity in shale using TDTR measurements and homogenization techniques","authors":"Lingzhi Xie , Chuanqing Yu , Yao Zhang , Bo He , Runxi Wang , Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elevated temperatures in shale reservoirs are unavoidable during deep shale gas extraction. Thermal conductivity is an essential determinant influencing numerous heat-related activities. Nonetheless, comprehending the thermal conductivity of shale is difficult due to its varied mineral compositions, intricate microstructural characteristics, and the absence of direct measurement techniques. This study addresses these problems by utilizing Time-Domain Thermoreflectance (TDTR) technology, which offers accurate measurements of the thermal properties of mineral phases (at micrometer scale) in shale, such as clay and quartz. The test findings indicate that the clay matrix demonstrates a thermal conductivity of 1.98 W/(m·K) parallel to the bedding and 1.65 W/(m·K) perpendicular to it, whereas quartz displays an isotropic value of 6.94 W/(m·K) in both directions. A two-step homogenization methodology has been developed that accurately represents the layering distribution of grains and accounts for the anisotropic behavior of the clay matrix, integrating the Mori-Tanaka method within lamina and series-parallel models within lamina. The precision of this homogenization process is confirmed by further macroscopic measurements utilizing the laser flash technique, exhibiting an error margin of 5 %. Additionally, quantitative study evaluates the influence of four variables on the anisotropy of thermal conductivity by ANOVA. The findings indicate that the anisotropy of thermal conductivity is predominantly influenced by the orientation of the clay matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 107719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haochong Huang , Xinyu Li , Zhiyuan Zheng , Hanhan Fan , Caiqin Liu , Enhui Yuan , Jialu Gu , Yutong Ma , Qian Xu , Spozmai Panezai , Shanshan Li , Zhuo Zhang , Dexin Sun , Kunfeng Qiu
{"title":"Holographic characterization of typical silicate minerals by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy","authors":"Haochong Huang , Xinyu Li , Zhiyuan Zheng , Hanhan Fan , Caiqin Liu , Enhui Yuan , Jialu Gu , Yutong Ma , Qian Xu , Spozmai Panezai , Shanshan Li , Zhuo Zhang , Dexin Sun , Kunfeng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Deep-Time Digital Earth Plan aims to develop a comprehensive digital representation of Earth's global systems, a goal that requires extensive mineralogical data and substantial scientific information. While traditional mineralogical characterization provides critical insights into the mantle's water cycle and geological evolution, existing geological methodologies face challenges due to electromagnetic band gaps and limitations in phase utilization. Leveraging the unique properties of water-sensitive, coherent, and fingerprint spectra, this study introduced Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy as a new method for validating holographic “THz colors” under pyrolytic and optical conditions. This approach enabled the simultaneous analysis of amplitude, phase, and spectral distribution for typical silicate minerals, facilitating the development of a comprehensive library of THz spectra for mineral materials. This library was constructed with support from conventional X-ray and infrared tools. Our research identified several minerals with THz characteristic absorption peaks, including pyrophyllite at 1.10 THz and chamosite at 1.15 THz. These findings challenged existing perceptions in the THz community regarding raw mineral. The experimental results demonstrated the potential of THz technology as a transformative tool for mineral detection and geological analysis, integrating optics and geophysics. Moreover, this advancement provides significant insights and enhances the development of digital Earth models and study of mineral morphology on Earth's surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 107720"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaying Zhong , Weihua Song , Yu Wang , Jing Zhang , Yan Gao , Yanmin Yang , Hailei Zhang
{"title":"Developing halloysite-based X-ray scintillating nanocomposite enables red to green tunable emission behavior in epoxy resin","authors":"Jiaying Zhong , Weihua Song , Yu Wang , Jing Zhang , Yan Gao , Yanmin Yang , Hailei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advancement of rare-earth luminescent materials, developing composites with tunable luminescent properties poses a significant challenge. In this study, we synthesized HALs@YF<sub>3</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup> scintillator material that emits red light by utilizing halloysites (HALs) as base materials and then surface modified with europium-doped YF<sub>3</sub> via hydrothermal synthesis. The yielded product HALs@YF<sub>3</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup> was characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS, and then incorporated into the epoxy resin to endow X-ray scintillating abilities in the obtained composite with enhanced mechanical properties. Moreover, the green-emitting scintillator was also incorporated into the epoxy resin along with HALs@YF<sub>3</sub>:Eu<sup>3+</sup> with varying feed ratios to afford the epoxy resin composites with tunable emission behaviors from red to green. This study demonstrates a valuable approach for applying epoxy resin composite materials in the field of radioluminescence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 107726"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantitative analogism on montmorillonite mineral layer filtration ability against micro-materials","authors":"Hideo Komine","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on experimental and theoretical studies of bentonite hydraulic conductivity and swelling behavior, the author proposes a method for theoretical calculation of the interlayer distance of montmorillonite, a main clay mineral. Comparison of the interlayer distance of montmorillonite calculated using this method with the sizes of micromaterials blocked by the interlayer can support quantitative evaluation of the ability of montmorillonite to block the passage of micromaterials. The validity of this method was demonstrated by quantitative evaluation of filtration of seawater components by montmorillonite with permeable bentonite materials in some artificial seawater environments in the author's previous studies. This study has proposed the calculating flow of the filtration ability of montmorillonite interlayers. Furthermore, the method is applied to clay liners at industrial final waste disposal sites to develop necessary specifications for urgently needed clay-liner materials able to block the passage of micro-substances from biological waste into the environment. In addition, several case calculations were performed and depicts specifications of clay-liners which can block permeation of prion diseased brain matter (4 nm micromaterials) and/or can block permeation of Noroviruses (average diameter, 25–30 nm).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 107718"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Utilization of encapsulating, anti-oxidizing, and green capping features of metakaolin based geopolymers for Mn, Cr and Co salts in catalytic degradation of dyes","authors":"Bassam El-Eswed , Yanal Albawarshi","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green and sustainable alkali-activated aluminosilicates (geopolymers, GPs), with zeolite-like structure were used previously to prepare metal oxides/GP composites by ion-exchange of metal ions with Na<sup>+</sup> balancing [AlO<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup> in GP. The present work attempts preparing metal oxides embedded in GP, for the first time, by direct mixing of 30 wt% KMnO<sub>4</sub>, K<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> or CoCl<sub>2</sub> with alkali activated Aldrich metakaolin (MK) and local Jordanian metakaolin (JMK) followed by calcination at 650 °C. FTIR, XRD, SEM and TEM of the products showed dispersion of nanostructures of metal oxides (Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (II, III), Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (III) and Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (II, III)) suggesting reducing/anti-oxidizing and capping power of aluminosilicate medium. The degradation behavior of acid blue (AB) and Congo red (CR) was studied in the presence of GP samples, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and absence of illumination. Using 5.0 g/L catalyst dose, 50 mg/L dye concentration, 88 mM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, 30 °C and pH 10; MK-Mn and JMK-Mn catalysts induced degradation of 90 % AB within 65 min. MK-Co and JMK-Co resulted in degradation of 50–74 % of CR within 210 min at 50 °C. Although CR (26.9, 11.0 and 53.3 %) was found to have higher affinity than AB (1.2, 7.7 and 26.4 %) for adsorption onto JMK-Cr, JMK-Mn and JMK-Co, the second order rate constants (<em>k</em><sub><em>2</em></sub>) of CR (8.14 × 10<sup>2</sup>, 0.0 and 67.93 min<sup>−1</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>) were lower than those of AB (7.29 × 10<sup>3</sup>, 1.81 × 10<sup>3</sup> and 5.23 × 10<sup>2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>). In comparison with photocatalytic degradation, the present work exclude electricity and UV lamps cost with relatively lower <em>k</em><sub><em>2</em></sub> and longer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 107721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation of acid sites with morphology of layered silicates","authors":"Liva Dzene , Martine Lanson , Bruno Lanson , Sebastian Meyer , Angelina Razafitianamaharavo , Frédéric Villiéras , Severinne Rigolet , Cyril Vaulot , Simona Bennici","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acid sites of clay minerals are active to catalyze numerous organic reactions. Previous studies had focused on the types and strength of these sites by correlating them with acid, pillaring or heat treatments, but the relation of acid sites with clay mineral morphology is not well understood. In this study, the synthesis of samples having similar chemical composition and structure, but different morphology characteristics was realized. The surface of samples was characterized by low-pressure argon adsorption at 77 K. The acid sites were probed by thermal desorption of 2-phenylethylamine. Three sites of different acid strength were identified. Whereas the assignment of these sites to basal and edge surfaces remains debatable, the method of thermal desorption of 2-phenylethylamine could clearly distinguish different sites related to homogenous and heterogeneous surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 107714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143101111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}