Journal of Energy Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Potential Usage of Selected Agro-Residue as a Biofuel Production Sources: Physiochemical Evaluation Approach","authors":"M. Stephen, Adeyinka Tobi Feranmi, Fasina Oluwakayode Joseph","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4271","url":null,"abstract":"This article present physiochemical characterization of commonly available agricultural waste residues on dry basis for: (Corn cob, Coconut shell, Cashew nut, Palm kernel shell and Cassava stem) with the view to evaluate their respective suitability for biofuel production using thermochemical conversion process. The investigated respective biomass feedstock milled samples was analyzed in the laboratory for fuel physiochemical characterization. The physiochemical characterization carried out on each biomass waste sample are Proximate Analysis, Ultimate Analysis, Elemental composition analysis and determination of their respective Higher heating Value(HHV). The obtained results revealed that of all the biomass samples characterized, the Coconut shell (CNS), Corn cob(CC) and Cassava stem(CS) samples proved to possess the most suitable characteristics for better bio-oil production. Palm kernel shell(PKS), Coconut shell(CNS) and Cashew nut(CN) due to their obtained low ash content, adequate hardness and fairly high fixed carbon content are generally regarded to be a potential source for making quality grade charcoal (bio-char) using Pyrolysis process. Gasification process is found desirable to producing high yield of bio-gas for Corncob(CC) and Cassava stem(CS) biomass samples due to their respectively obtainable high value of moisture content: (13.4%wt and 15.10%wt.) and fixed carbon contents of (67.94%wt and 74.13%wt) in this study. Moreover, among all other biomass sample investigated in this study, Coconut Shell(CNS) in comparison to all other samples characterized attained highest HHV of 31.2 MJ/kg. Negligible amount of Sulphur and Nitrogen which could resulted to lower emission of SO2 and NO2 if use directly for heating purposes aftermath application of any of the thermochemical conversion processes is also observed for the biomass waste samples analyzed independent of their types. These results show that the characterized biomass samples could be a suitable candidate for alternative energy fuels production in terms of quality and environment concern.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"936 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127001481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Intensity and Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Dynamic Panel Approach","authors":"","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4270","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the impact of energy intensity in sub-Saharan Africa from 1970 to 2019.The study broke sub-Saharan Africa into regional bloc since there may be policy variation across the regional bloc of SSA. A dynamic panel data approach was employed to unravel the relationship between energy intensity and economic growth. The study conducted a panel unit root Test to confirm the stationarity of the series. The results of the unit root showed that the Levinlin and Chu statistics with their corresponding p-values in reference to each variable is smaller than the alpha value at 10%. A post estimation test was also conducted using a dynamic panel approach via the system GMM. The result of the system GMM showed a robust negative correlation between energy intensity and economic growth in SSA and all its regional bloc. The coefficient of energy intensity is highly insignificant which implies that reductions in energy intensity are not linked to higher GDP growth. This is evident from the coefficient of the lag values of energy intensity of one period value of -3.321. The rationale for negative correlation might be connected to common patterns of structural change, paired with rising after tax energy price. The study, therefore recommend that energy conservation should be a focus in SSA as a whole and its regional bloc since this would promote economic growth.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130913764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition Zone Analysis in Oil Reservoirs with Mixed or Preferential Water Wettability","authors":"","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4269","url":null,"abstract":"Defining the transition zone in clastic oil formations with mixed or water-preferential wettability is useful in estimating the initial oil resource, locating production and injection wells, choosing drilling intervals, predicting water intrusion into production wells, and modeling the reservoir for simulation purposes. \u0000The purpose of this article is to define the initial distribution of water in oil reservoirs and especially the knowledge of the transition zone, presenting theoretical concepts and practical methods for planning the necessary experiments and interpreting the data collected to define this part of the oil structure. The article presents the theoretical elements of the methods of obtaining and using capillary pressure curves, data on interfacial tension and contact angle. The dynamics of the saturation state during oil reservoir formation and the most optimal method for determining fluid contacts and free water levels are also described.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"29 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130415654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-Economic Studies of Integration of Solar PV Technology in Telecommunications Sector for Sustainable Development: A Case Study of Budiriro","authors":"M. Mwanza, Kline Tarcisius Mapfumo","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4268","url":null,"abstract":"The telecommunications industry in Zimbabwe keeps growing with an increase in the number of users year by year. The demand on the national grid and low power supply means long hours of electricity outages, which prompts Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to use generators as backup power to keep base stations online for uninterrupted provision of internet to consumers. Generator systems increase the operation expenditure (OPEX) of running base stations, produce GHG emissions and in tern attract an additional cost of emission. This causes an increase in the cost of running the business and consequently internet data prices. A case study was conducted in Budiriro. A framework was developed which analysed six combinations (Grid + Generator, Generator only, Generator + Solar, Solar only, Grid + Solar, and Grid only) of power sources based on sustainability pillars; Economical, Environmental, and Social, as well as Technical. The six alternatives were simulated in HOMER Pro, a system that evaluates designs for both off-grid and grid-connected power systems, to determine the output (power output, investments, costs, and emissions) of these individual systems. Using a sub-criterion of 15 pairwise combinations, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to rank these systems, and the best solution was chosen based on the main criteria of the sustainability pillars. The result shows that Grid + Solar PV system provides the best optimal alternative power system to power base stations for the study area, substituting Grid + Generator systems (Existing system). It reduces OPEX by over 1,000 percent offering 37 percent more power and 41.13 tonnes of GHG emissions avoided per year. Socially, power sharing between households and base stations as well as reduction of air and noise pollution. The optimal alternative power source for the base station proposed here in this study will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and dependence on grid and operation costs which in turn will reduce data prices, increase internet accessibility at affordable rates and provide a sustainable future for telecommunications businesses in Budiriro.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114221536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Household Cooking Energy Choice in Public Housing Estates in Maiduguri, Borno State, North-East Nigeria","authors":"G. I. Akeh, B. M. Adamu, Haruna I Adamu, S. M. Ade","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i3265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i3265","url":null,"abstract":"The growing utilization of traditional energy sources particularly in developing countries has in recent times been drawing disturbing attention from researchers and policy makers in view of the environmental and health consequences associated with such fuels. Hence the need to empirically examine the economic and socio-demographic factors that drive household cooking energy choice in public housing estates in Maiduguri, Borno State, North-East Nigeria. A survey questionnaire was used to elicit data from a sample of 355 household-heads from the target population of 3,192 households using systematic sampling technique. Multinomial Logistic Regression was used to analyze the probability of households’ choice of different energy types used for cooking purposes. The results revealed that higher income, higher educational level, occupation of the household head; location of residence, kitchen type and ownership of dwelling had positive effects on the probability of choosing cleaner sources of energy for cooking. Meanwhile, lower income and larger household size had positive correlation with the likelihood of choosing traditional energy sources such as fuelwood and charcoal as the primary cooking energy source among households. It is recommended that policy makers and stakeholders in the energy sector should take adequate and proactive steps that will promote access to cleaner, efficient, affordable and modern sources of energy for household cooking activities in Borno State, North-east Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115918315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Hawleyite Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) Nanofilms for PV Cell Applications","authors":"E. A. Ubieko, J. A. Amusan, E. Osarolube, C. Okujagu","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i3266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i3266","url":null,"abstract":"The search for suitable materials as buffer layer in the development of photovoltaic cell necessitates the study. The objective is thus, to synthesize and characterize CdS nanofilm for photovoltaic cell application. Thin films of Cadmium Sulphide were deposited on degreased glass substrate, from a bath containing the precursors via Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique. The Physical, Structural, and optical properties were investigated by X-Ray diffractometer, Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), surface profilometer, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and spectrophotometer. The 9 hours CdS sample showed peak intensities at 30.95o and 51.77o with hkl values of (1 1 1) and (2 2 0). The 12 hours sample showed peak intensities at 30.95o and 51.55o with hkl values of (1 1 1) and (2 2 0). The planes of cubic phase correspond to the mineral Hawleyites for both samples. The average Crystallite grain size for the 9 hours sample is 27.72nm and 38.99nm for the 12 hours samples. The Scanning Electron microscopy analyses illustrate the morphology and the level of uniformity of the CdS coating across the surface of the        9 hours sample and 12 hours samples. The micrographs although slightly similar, the 12 hours sample appeared to be more uniformly coated when compared to the 9 hours sample. Electron-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) indicated the percentage composition of Cadmium and Sulphide present in the both 9 hours and 12 hours samples, with Cadmium having an average composition of 26.45% and sulphide 8.65% for the 9 hours sample, and 61.95% for Cadmium and 16.43% for Sulphide in the 12 hours CdS sample. The Spectrophotometer was used to investigate the behavior of both samples in the UV (≤ 400nm), Visible and part of the Infrared region. The bandgap energies of both 9 hours and 12 hours sample were 2.36eV and 2.257eV respectively. The average value for the optical conductivity for 9hours sample is 5.099 x 1013 and 7.75 x 1013 for 12 hours sample. The average values of the extinction coefficients, k  for 9 hours sample is 1.07 x 109 and 2.02 x 109 for 12 hours sample. The average thickness value of CdS Sample deposited for 9 hours is 14.10 x10-9m while that of the CdS sample deposited for 12 hours is 14.5 x 10-9m. The results affirm the choice of CdS film as buffer layer of the photovoltaic cells.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128608454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Pattern of Renewable Energy in India: A Way for Sustainable Development","authors":"Devender","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i4267","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present study is to analyse the growth and pattern of renewable energy in India. Renewable energy is generated from natural sources, which are replenished more quickly than consumed. Renewable energy has a significantly positive impact on protecting the environment from the problem of carbon emissions, which is most required in India, as India is the fourth largest nation producing the highest carbon emission. As being a developing nation, the energy requirement has continuously increased in India, and it is expected India will become third larger country that requires energy sourced after China and US up to 2040. The study observed that the energy deficit in the normal and peak periods has declined, and the share of renewable energy reached 20.3 per cent in 2021-22. Moreover, the majority of renewable energy is owned by the private sector, and the western coastal states of India have the highest density of renewable energy. The study suggested optimum policy recommendations to enhance renewable energy and promote sustainable development in India.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129289833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Relantioship for the Prediction of the Formation of Gas Hydrate in Fluids Petroleum","authors":"I. Oprea, Doru Stoianovici, T. Chis, Doru Bârsan","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i3264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i3264","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of gas hydrates in natural gas extraction, transport and storage facilities, creates problems related to the blocking of flow pores in the productive layer, the clogging of pipelines and especially the increase in the delivery and pumping pressure of natural gas. This aspect usually leads to damage to oil structures by damaging them and especially by stopping gas supplies. The present work presents the history of the identification of natural gas hydrates present in nature as well as their nucleation conditions. \u0000Also, following the laboratory determinations, two new correlations could be made to indicate the pressure and temperature at the beginning of the nucleation of gas hydrates, starting from the determination of their specific gravity. \u0000The new correlations were compared with the laboratory data and with the existing correlations in the specialized literature, the results being close. \u0000Also, based on the observations of the formation of gas hydrates of some gases with a specific density between 0.6 and 1.0, it was possible to analyze the laboratory data with those obtained after running a new correlatios.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124242745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Assessment of Low Global Warming Potential Alternative Refrigerants","authors":"A. Anthony A., K. Manohar","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i3263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i3263","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming is the general increase in global temperature brought on by higher-than-normal concentrations of greenhouse gases. These gases trap heat waves as they approach the world and allow them to continue entering the atmosphere over time without being able to leave. This study used low global warming potential alternative refrigerants to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in line with global efforts to phase out chlorinated fluids in order to preserve the ozone layer as a result of the Montreal Protocol. A software program called Cycle-D-Hx, which has a graphical user interface and a thermodynamic model of the refrigeration system, was used to evaluate how well household refrigerators working with various types of refrigerants performed. The model was validated using data from a household refrigerator charged with R134A. The performance of several low global warming potential alternative refrigerants, including R404A, R449A, R513A, and R452A, was then assessed using the model. \u0000The hydrofluoroolefin based R452A refrigerant is an alternative to R404A and R507 that is non-ozone depleting and has a low global warming potential. An azeotropic blend, R-513A is a drop-in replacement for R-134a in existing systems. Common hydrofluorocarbons and the new hydrofluoro-olefin molecule R1234yf are combined to form R449a, which is made up of R32 (24%), R125 (25%), R134a (26%), and R1234yf (25%). R513A, an aceotropic blend with no temperature glide, is composed of 44% R134a and 56% R1234yf. \u0000The simulation's findings demonstrate that R452A has a coefficient of performance 1.578, a zero potential for ozone depletion, a 0.5oC temperature glide for the evaporator and condenser and also a low potential for global warming unit count of 2140. Along with these thermodynamic and environmental qualities, R452A blend can take the place of R134A as a refrigerant because it is non-flammable and noncorrosive and will not corrode the metal parts of the compressor and evaporator of the refrigeration system.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134179329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development in Developing Countries: Benefits to the Environment","authors":"T. Adeosun, C. O. Amosu, O. Omitogun, O. Amusa, B. A. Morenikeji","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i3262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2023/v13i3262","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this study is to investigate economic freedom of access to energy, energy utilization and consumption, improve energy security, mitigate climate change and ignite interest in various renewable energy sources in developing countries. Sustainable development is the benefit that meet the needs of the people without compromising access to affordability, reliability, sustainability and modern quality of human satisfaction of its citizens within the limitation of the environment. It has become widely recognized that the rising environmental hazards, depletion threatened the unreliable supply of electricity with huge economic cost associated with fossil fuel has made renewable energy issue a significant sustainability resource as the basic requirements for development in developing countries. This paper aims to present review and promote access to harnessing, harvesting, storage, conversion and technology of renewable energy sources for generating electricity in developing nations by 2050.  In this review, we have identified the various renewable energy sources, challenges and benefits. The recommendation on this investigation shows greatly our contributions to the aspiration of citizens in developing countries for alleviating struggles to overcome the epileptic power supply that has harassed the economy of the nation in jeopardy for long time.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"27 22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116479226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}