Journal of Energy Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Wind Energy Resource Utilization: A Review of Its Necessity, Interception Technology and Implementation Challenges","authors":"H. Ibrahim, A. G. Ibrahim, J. Eichie, B. Ige","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i4247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i4247","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous use of non-renewable energy sources has caused a lot of harm to the earth’s atmosphere and humans. The need to increase the share of renewable energy in global energy usage has been strongly advocated internationally. In this work, wind energy was presented as a viable renewable energy option. Renewable energy with emphasis on wind energy, wind turbines and its types, the need for it to replace other injurious energy sources and the associated challenges hampering its deployment is a contribution toward the UN advocacy. The potential of wind energy and their technologies in terms of the turbine types: Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT) including their mix were reviewed. Looking at the pros and cons of both the HAWT and the VAWT, and those of Savonius and Darrieus, it is imperative to strike a balance using their combinations. Such a hybrid offers the benefit of harnessing the gains on either side of the divide.  This is the reason attention is being devoted to research and development on combined VAWT in order to optimize the low starting torque of a Savonius with the high-performance coefficient of the Darrieus as the efficiency of VAWT increases when combined together with diverse modifications.  With the volume of on-going research targeted at the implementation challenges and various design considerations and practices to solve the problems, it is certain that these impediments will be tackled technologically and policy wise and society will be on its way to better utilization of enormous wind energy resources via interception using wind turbines. The technical challenges on the pathway towards the smooth implementation of wind energy technologies were identified to include output fluctuations and intermittencies; and to which solutions were proffered to include the need for a technology to always align and realign the blade position in a way as to maximally interact with the current prevailing wind direction and another to reinforce the rotors rotational speed with an appropriate speed required to meet up the rated output. It was recommended that attention be devoted to research and development on the combined vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) in order to optimize the high starting torque of the Savonius turbine with the high-performance coefficient of the Darrieus turbine.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129438510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing and Manufacturing a Single-Phase Transformer and Analyzing Its Performance","authors":"Eyasir Arafat, Md. Shihab Sharar Oyon, Md. Habib A Hasan Kabbyo, Khan Mohammad Khan, ,. M. S. H. Shuvo, Arnab Sarker, Md. Rokibul Haque, Rakibul Islam, Prof. Dr. Engr. Muhibul Haque Bhuyan","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i4246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i4246","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This work aims to design a single-phase transformer for analyzing its performance based on some requirements. \u0000Study Design:  At first, requirements are set, then the design was completed using AutoCAD, after that the designed machine was simulated in MATLAB Simulink, manufactured in real-time in the laboratory, tested experimentally, and then the equivalent circuit parameters were computed from the experimental data. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The design, manufacturing, simulation, and performance testing were conducted in the electrical machine 1 laboratory of American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB). It took around four months to complete the whole task. \u0000Methodology: This work is a bit expensive and complicated process for students without any funds. So, a group was formed with eight students. The tasks were to design, simulate, implement, and test a single-phase transformer that would step down 220 V (ac) to 110 V (ac) having a 440 VA capacity, and core loss should not exceed 5 W. \u0000Results: MATLAB Simulink was used to simulate the designed transformer to get the primary and secondary winding voltage and current wave shapes that were confirmed by the experimental results. Open and short circuit tests indicate that loss is only between 5 W and 8 W respectively. The total design cost is only BDTK1, 270. \u0000Conclusion: The results satisfied the design and performance parameter requirements and the designed transformer worked very well. The design cost was also kept minimum.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125782967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Mono-Halogen-Substitution on the Electronic and Non-Linear Optical Properties of Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) for Solar Cell Applications: A DFT Approach","authors":"A. Maigari, A. Suleiman, A. Gidado, C. Ndikilar","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i4243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i4243","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) with the acronym P3HT and its derivatives are p-type conjugated semiconductor polymers that have been proved to be good organic semiconductors. They have several applications in many areas, such as photovoltaic systems, organic light-emitting diodes, and so on. The instability of organic molecules under ambient conditions is one factor deterring the commercialization of such organic semiconductor devices. Here we present a theoretical study using density functional theory (DFT) approach with Gaussian 09 and GaussView 5.0, to investigate the effects of halogens (Bromine, Chlorine, Fluorine and Iodine) on the electronic and nonlinear optical properties of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT). This is to enable us to address the issue of instability in the molecule. The bond lengths and bond angles of the mono-halogenated molecules were found to be less than that of the isolated Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl). Iodine doped P3HT was found to be the most stable amongst the studied molecule for having the least bond angles and bond lengths. The calculated band gap for iodine doped P3HT and fluorine doped P3HT were observed to have the lowest energy gap of 3.519 eV and 3.545 eV respectively thus proving that iodine doped P3H is the most stable and this makes it more suitable for photovoltaic applications. The molecule with the highest value of chemical hardness was obtained to be the isolated P3HT with a chemical hardness of 1.937eV. This is followed by bromine doped P3HT, chlorine doped P3HT, fluorine doped P3HT and iodine doped P3HT with values as 1.925 eV, 1.813 eV, 1.773 eV, and 1.7595 eV respectively. All the substituted molecules results were found to be more reactive than their isolated form for having lower values of chemical hardness. The results for the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties show that the  first-order hyper-polarizability of chlorine doped P3HT and iodine doped P3HT as  and   respectively were found to be about eight times more than that of the urea value (0.3728 x10-30 esu), which is commonly used for the comparison of NLO properties with other materials. This makes them very good NLO materials. The open circuit voltage   was also calculated. The highest values of the calculated open circuit voltage  were found to be    (PCBM C60) in chloroP3HT and 1.3134 eV (PCBM C60) in flouroP3HT. The results of the IR frequency show that the doped molecules are more stable than the isolated molecule. Zero-point vibrational energy (ZPVE), total entropy (S) and molar heat capacity (Cv) were also calculated and presented. We also observe that the entropy and heat capacity of the doped materials are higher than those of the original molecule, which confirms that the charge dynamics of the doped molecules are higher than those of the original molecule at the same temperature. This result further demonstrates that these doped materials have a high chemical reactivity and a high thermal resistivity, hence their app","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114082173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hybrid Campus Microgrid","authors":"S. D. Yusuf, A. Abdulhamid, A. Loko","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i3241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i3241","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To design and develop a campus micro-grid model for Nasarawa State University Keffi (NSUK), main campus, Nigeria. \u0000Study Design: Econometric and financial feasibility analysis. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physics, Nasarawa State University Keffi, main campus, Nigeria, between October 2019 and September 2020. \u0000Methodology: Assessment of the campus load profile, energy consumption history, grid availability and present constraints to the existing system was carried out using the Fluke Power Analyzer and Fluke Industrial Multimeter. The parameters were used as the defining inputs to HOMER Pro micro-grid design and optimization software to calculate the net present cost, levelized cost of energy, total annual cost, capital recovery factor, and the real discount rate for NSUK, main campus, Nigeria. \u0000Results: For a total daily demand of 11,162.13kWh, the optimization results indicated a net present cost of $2,499,296.31, cost of energy $0.05, total annual electrical energy output 15,619,101.08kWh, and renewable penetration 293%, as compared to net present cost of $9,680,196.57, cost of energy $0.096, total annual electrical energy output 369,729.73kWh, and a renewable penetration 0.0% for the existing NSUK grid-only dependent system. \u0000Conclusion: Optimization results were considerably better than those obtained for the NSUK existing grid-only dependent system. Therefore, the micro-grid technology is a sustainable solution to the increasing energy demand for Nasarawa State University.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116057093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Dependence on Transient Hydrodynamic Gravity Driven Flow Down an Inclined Plane","authors":"Saroj Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i3240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i3240","url":null,"abstract":"Transient hydrodynamic gravity driven flow of a viscous incompressible fluid down an inclined plane occupying a semi-infinite region of space bounded by an infinite hot plate is studied. The effect of modified Froude number plays an important role in determining the flow situation. Exact solution is obtained by employing Laplace transform method. This problem is concerned with a car – following theory subjected to traffic flow with a decisive importance to a variation of depth with a slope leading to a flood wave. A reducible influence of a frictional drag has an active influence to the flow reversal characteristics with time variation satisfying the separation due to the existance of a modified Froude number. The stabitity of a roll wave is determined by the critical Froude number in a time varying flow. Numerical results of velocity distributions and frictional shear stress are depicted graphically for different values of flow parameters. Numerical results of a critical Froude number are presented in tables. Temperature analysis has been presented analytically with a view to point out the expression of Nusselt number at the plate.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121291355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Smart Grid Technology as a Renewable Energy Source","authors":"Tochi Andrew Owunna, E. Obeagu","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i3239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i3239","url":null,"abstract":"A smart grid is an electricity system that uses digital communications technology to detect, respond to, and take appropriate action in response to changes in demand and a variety of other problems. The secret to effective utilization of distributed energy resources is smart grid technology. Opportunities for renewable energy systems to address electricity generation appear to be growing, especially in light of the importance of climate change, the rising cost of petroleum products, and the falling cost of renewable energy power systems. However, an effective energy management strategy of system must be addressed in order to achieve commercialization and widespread use. Electric power networks have recently benefited from the effective application of the smart grid idea. This research work examines the overview of smart grid technology as a renewable energy source. The concept of a smart grid as well as the advantages and disadvantages of a smart grid renewable energy. The success of promoting renewable energy is significantly influenced by pricing. As a result, it is crucial to evaluate the distinctive qualities connected with alternative sources of renewable energy in order to get insight into the pricing of renewable energy. A survey of recent work in renewable smart grid systems shows the exciting future potential of such research traits. Both policymakers and those who create and use renewable energy systems would benefit from this.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130601656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the Benefits and Drawbacks of Renewable Energy in Nigeria","authors":"Tochi Andrew Owunna, E. Obeagu","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i3238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i3238","url":null,"abstract":"Fossil fuels (crude oil, natural gas, coal, and lignite) have historically been Nigeria's main energy source. Unfortunately, all of these factors combined with additional factors—including an increase in industrial activity, an increase in national population, and worldwide climate changes—could no longer support us. As a result, our houses and businesses now face significant energy demands. There must be a different source of energy that is not exhaustible in order to keep up with the rush. Given that Nigeria is a resource-rich nation, the article aims to provide an overview of renewable energy, list its benefits and drawbacks, and make recommendations for how to use it more effectively in order to compete favorably with other nations.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125287157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Design and Analysis of Artificial Vortex (ArVo) Based Stand-Alone Microgrid on Universities of Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Mostakim Rahman, Md. Zubaer Mahmud Rony, N. Nahar, Most Surmita Akter, Tanjuma Akter, Mashur Al Owashi, S. Haque","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i2237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i2237","url":null,"abstract":"The administration of universities of Bangladesh faces financial drawbacks every year due to subsidies in the field of electrical power cost. The reason behind this is, students, consume more electric power than they pay for. To solve this problem a modern hydroelectric technology can be implemented. This new technology is called Artificial Vortex (ArVo). This method of power generation utilizes the natural tendency of whirlpool formation of fluids by defining a new flow path thereby causing a turbulent circular movement of fluid layers. Every day students and teachers use a huge volume of water. This water is excluded from the university premises by the wastewater paths. This wastewater flow can be utilized to generate electricity. In Artificial Vortex, a curved wall is designed in the water path to concentrate the water flow and generate rotational energy. This rotational energy is implemented on a vertical axis turbine. This turbine is rotated by the water flow impact and produce clean electricity through an alternator. The cost of electricity has been simulated by HOMER Pro software.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131247247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Investigation on Resonance of the Sun with a Decisive Importance to Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Pure Shear Flow Permeated by an Oblique Magnetic Field","authors":"S. Ghosh","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i230295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i230295","url":null,"abstract":"MHD Couette motion in a rotating environment under the influence of an inclined magnetic field subjected to a periodic driving force under resonance is investigated. The existence of a magnetic mirror with the Sun is the representation of an inclined magnetic field that exerts its influence of a thermonuclear reactor at the resonant level. Plasma fusion interacts with a controllable region in the presence of an inclined magnetic field so that the emission of hot electron spiralling in a magnetic field. Plasma induced laser radiation in the presence of a magnetic mirror with reference to a driving force with a decisive importance to a dynamo context of the system to exhibit resonance fluorescence so that a laser photon light is transmitted from the sun.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114849173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Performance Analysis of a Linear Fresnel Concentrating Solar Collector Absorber Tube","authors":"Izuchukwu F. Okafor, Ikechukwu A. Obi","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i130293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2022/v12i130293","url":null,"abstract":"Linear Fresnel solar collectors are suitable for a wide range of applications, which include steam generation for power generation, industrial process heat, solar cooling, institutional and domestic hot water production etc. The thermal performance of a linear Fresnel solar collector absorber tube was investigated in this study for different fluid mass flow rates, heat flux intensities, heat transfer fluid inlet temperatures, ambient air temperatures and external loss heat transfer rate. Turbulent flow liquid water heat transfer fluid and uniform circumferential heat flux distribution boundary were considered under steady-state conditions. The fluid flow was considered incompressible. This study was limited to a first order model approximation for thermal performance of a linear Fresnel solar collector absorber tube. The heat transfer fluid and absorber tube material properties were considered constant and independent of temperature. The results indicated that the absorber tube outlet heat transfer fluid temperature decreased with an increase in the Reynolds number and increased with the heat flux intensities. Thermal efficiency increased with an increase in the heat transfer fluid mass flow rate and however, decreased with increase in pressure drop and the consequent pumping power requirement. It was also found that the thermal efficiency of the collector decreased with an increase in the fluid bulk inlet temperature and decreased with an increase in the external loss heat transfer rate.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133473412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}