Journal of Energy Research and Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Contribution to Comparison Different Countries Regarding Carbon Dioxide Emissions","authors":"V. Grković","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i7360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i7360","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses the problem of objectively comparing different countries in terms of their carbon dioxide emissions, in the light of climate and environmental justice. Applied methodology represents the combination of analytical method and comparative method. Two traditional and two untraditional indicators are considered. The indicators are applied to a selected group of countries that includes part of the BRICS countries and the G7 countries. The ratio of the share of carbon dioxide emissions of a country in the global emission and the share of its population in the global population gives the same distribution of countries from the selected group as the ratio of the carbon dioxide emissions of a country and its population. On the other hand, the observation of carbon dioxide emissions together with carbon dioxide absorption by the forests in relation to the country’s population shows a different distribution of the observed countries. The paper also reviews the possibilities of further improvement in the definition of appropriate indicators for an advanced comparison of different countries in terms of their carbon dioxide emissions. \u0000Complex indicators that comprise anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, forest absorption capacity and population can contribute to objective comparison of different countries regarding their carbon dioxide emissions, from the climate and environmental justice point of view.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of the System of an Assemblable Channel Slope Weeder","authors":"Chen Ziqi","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i7361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i7361","url":null,"abstract":"If the grass roots of the water conveyance channel slope dig into the soil, it may cause the soil structure to loosen, and then increase the risk of slope landslide. The operation of manual cleaning weeds is dangerous due to the large slope of the channel. In this context, the design of a channel slope weeder that can adapt to different slopes is very important for the protection of the water channel slope. The weeder concept vehicle designed in this paper is mainly composed of four parts: drive car, frame mechanism, track mechanism and weeder mechanism. At the same time, the structure is analyzed by finite element method, and the stability and safety are analyzed by strength. The reference is provided for the design of the algal removal vehicle on the channel slope.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141808357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Management Strategy for Wind Solar Storage Microgrid Based on Improved Ant Lion Optimizer","authors":"Rui Liu","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i7359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i7359","url":null,"abstract":"The energy management of microgrids involves optimizing the capacity configuration, which significantly impacts the economic and stable operation of microgrids. This paper presents a control strategy for microgrid operation that effectively manages distributed power sources and energy storage to optimize capacity configuration. A mathematical optimization model for microgrid energy management is established considering minimum annual cost and optimal scale constraints. The traditional Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO) is improved by using dynamic weight coefficients and chaotic mapping to enhance the diversity of the population and improve the convergence of the algorithm. This can effectively avoid local optimal solutions and premature problems, and improve the convergence speed and search ability of the ALO algorithm. Based on this control strategy and improved ALO algorithm, simulations and tests were conducted using actual data from an independent microgrid, resulting in the optimal solution for the microgrid capacity allocation model. The case study results validate the practicality of the proposed microgrid operation control strategy as well as the superiority of the improved ant colony optimization algorithm.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of Growth Media for Scenedesmus and Nitchzer Species for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Production in Raceway Pond","authors":"Muhammad, H, H.M. Maishanu","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i7358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i7358","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to modify the growth media for Scenedesmus and Nitchzia species for fatty acid methyl esters production in raceway pond. Native Scenedesmus and Nitchzia species were cultivated in raceway pond in three different growth media (Nitrogen-sufficient, Nitrogen-deficient and Blue Green 11) media at different periods to assess their quantitative parameters (biomass concentration (g/L), biomass productivity (g/L/d), lipid content (%), and lipid productivity (mg/L/d) as well as their fatty acid methyl esters composition. The quantitative parameters were determined following standard methods and the fatty acid methyl esters composition was analysed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of the quantitative parameters obtained from Scenedesmus species were highest in the Blue Green 11 (control) media as compared to the experimental media. Statistically, there is significant difference (p<0.05) in the lipid content obtained from Scenedesmus species between the Blue Green 11 media and the experimental media. The biomass concentration and lipid content obtained from Nitchzia species were also found to be highest in Blue Green 11 media as compared to the other two media. However, the lipid content obtained from Nitchzia species in the three different media showed insignificant difference (p>0.05). Scenedesmus and Nitchzia species did not respond to nitrogen deficiency condition. The Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry analysis of the fatty acid methyl esters composition revealed the presence of similar compounds in different proportion. The dominant compound of the fatty acid methyl esters of the two species in the three different media are Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester ((palmitic acid)), 9-octadecenoic acid (Z) methyl ester ((oleic acid) and 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (linolenic acid) among others. The Carbon16-Carbon18 (C16-C18) chain in Scenedesmus and Nitchzia species ranges from 74.14-61.84% and 63.81-61.98% respectively. These could suggest that both species have a great potential for the production of fatty acid methyl esters in large scale cultivation.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Pipeline Surveillance: A Review","authors":"Osaro Pa, Olukaejire Sj, Ifiora Cc, Kama Gh","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i6357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i6357","url":null,"abstract":"Petroleum products being transported through pipelines can be easily targeted by economic and political saboteurs. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) heralds a new technology on pipeline safety, surveillance, surveying mapping, assessment and safety for the oil and gas industry. With the advent of this technology, leaks, corrosion, third party interference and other faults leading to the loss of life, environmental pollution can be checked. This review highlights the state of the technology and benefits of UAV to the Nigeria oil and gas industry. The Nigeria oil and gas industry vested with over 2,300,000 barrels of crude oil daily production has over 9000km pipeline route which is prone to rupture from leaks, corrosion and vandalism. The industry will benefit from a flexible compatible and adaptable UAV platform with a multispectral and hyper spectral sensor for extensive safety, real-time imagery within a localized small to medium spatial scale, over larger expanse of space and time. The technology is adjured cheaper for inspection mission over traditional methods. Adoption of these technology would improve the environmental imprints of the oil and gas companies operating in the Niger Delta, and cases of pipeline vandalism and unrest might be lessened.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting U.S. Fossil Energy Consumption: Advancing Accuracy with Multilayer Perceptron and Residual Learning","authors":"Yiwu Hao, Qingping He","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i6354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i6354","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate midterm forecasts of fossil fuel consumption are essential for effective energy planning, economic management, and resource allocation. While machine learning models have demonstrated their efficacy in handling large-scale nonlinear datasets, many, including Multilayer Perceptrons (MLPs), suffer from performance degradation with increased depth. Fortunately, recent studies have revealed that Residual Networks (ResNets) can mitigate or even overcome this challenge. In this paper, we propose a Weighted Residual Network based on MLP to enhance predictive performance. We employ the Adam algorithm for model training and utilize the Gridsearch algorithm for hyperparameter tuning. In the application section, we develop predictive models using three case studies: natural gas, petroleum, and total fossil fuel consumption. We validate the effectiveness of our proposed model and compare it with ten other machine learning models. Our findings demonstrate that our proposed model consistently outperforms others in all three cases, underscoring its superior performance in midterm forecasting of fossil fuel consumption.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"110 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Solutions: Integrating Renewable Energy and Electric Vehicles for Cleaner Operations","authors":"Luca Rossi, Giulia Bianchi","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i3342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i3342","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of escalating environmental concerns and the urgent need to mitigate carbon emissions, integrating renewable energy and electric vehicles (EVs) has emerged as a promising avenue for achieving cleaner and more sustainable operations across various sectors. This paper explores the synergistic potential of combining renewable energy sources with EV technology to revolutionize energy consumption and transportation systems. The first part of the paper discusses the pressing environmental challenges posed by traditional energy sources and internal combustion engine vehicles, emphasizing the need for a transition towards cleaner alternatives. It highlights the detrimental effects of fossil fuel combustion on air quality, public health, and climate change, underscoring the imperative for sustainable energy solutions. Next, the paper delves into the advantages of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower in providing clean and abundant energy. It examines the advancements in renewable energy technologies, including decreasing costs and increasing efficiency, making them increasingly viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Subsequently, the paper explores the pivotal role of electric vehicles in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on fossil fuels in the transportation sector. It discusses the environmental benefits of EVs, including zero tailpipe emissions and lower lifecycle emissions compared to conventional vehicles.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"6 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Off-Grid Power Plants in Nigeria: Location, Capacity, Performance and Current Status","authors":"Oke I. A., Ahiakwo C. O., Amadi H. N., Ojuka O. E.","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i3341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i3341","url":null,"abstract":"The power sector in Nigeria still struggles with significant electricity challenges resulting from the unavailability of power supply and the unreliability of the conventional national grid. The total installed capacity of off-grid plants in Nigeria is approximately a meagre 52 MW, with a combination of 67 operational mini-grids and solar home systems across the country impacting only about one million households and around five million residents out of Nigeria’s population of over 200 million people.  It has been reported that both urban and rural areas suffer the impact of power shortages and frequent blackouts. The unreliability of power supply in Nigeria has been identified as a significant problem affecting educational institutions in terms of productive learning, student residency and institutional operations, and also the overall operation of healthcare facilities as it limits access to quality healthcare services. The study examines the presence and potential of off-grid power solutions in Nigeria which present a more reliable approach to supplying electricity to users, as a deliberate response to the multiple and complex challenges in the Nigerian power systems to identify the present location, installed capacity, operational performance, and current status of off-grid power plants in Nigeria. The Geographic Information System and statistical approaches were employed. It was discovered that off-grid solutions are beginning to spread across the country on different scales. However, most rural areas in Nigeria still do not have access to electricity supply. The study encourages decentralized power generation in the country and emphasizes the need for the federal government through the Rural Electrification Agency (REA) to consider investing in off-grid solutions, particularly in the rural areas for socio-economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"85 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Tariff System in the Electricity Distribution: Evidence from Uganda","authors":"Geoffrey Ssebabi Mutumba, Bosco Amerit, Milly Kaddu, Geoffrey Mubiinzi, Hassan Bashir, Felister Birungi, Florence Nakajubi, Muhamood Jaza, Livingstone Senyonga","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i3340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i3340","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates incentive regulation to foster an efficient tariff system in the electricity distribution subsector in Uganda. This study seeks to find empirical evidence to support the argument that regulation is associated with efficiency among distributors. It seeks to design an appropriate model of incentive regulation within the distribution subsector. It assesses the efficiency of existing tariff setting system with a view of guiding policy on how best incentives should be appropriated.\u0000 It uses the data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis to investigate how distribution firms use input costs to come up with an efficient end user tariffs. Quarterly data used is from Electricity Regulatory Authority (ERA) covering the period 2013-2019.\u0000 The findings are that distribution firms cost inputs are inconsistent with the way they their operational and maintenance costs are generated and transmitted to end user tariff. The regulator should be keen on the way tariff is set such that it is fair to all players in the electricity markets.\u0000Incentive regulation has a positive influence on cost efficiency and end user tariff. A reduction in energy losses and energy purchases from transmitter makes up the most efficient cost drivers. Lastly, tariff regulation has increased efficiency in operations through in improved quality and reliability of power distribution. First and foremost is reduced load shedding, secondly is more reliable power distribution to end users. Appropriate Incentive regulation has a direct effect on cost of utility and in increasing access of vulnerable groups.","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"53 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Simulation of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger for a Pyrolysis Reactor","authors":"Akinola A. O., Yaru, S. S., Raheem, R. O., Fetuata, O., Eiche, J. F., Akinsade, A.","doi":"10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i3339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i3339","url":null,"abstract":"Global concern for climate change and greenhouse gases effect necessitates the promotion and development of an alternative source of energy which will drastically reduce global warming and ultimately pose lesser threat to climate change. Since the volatiles are composed of the condensable and non-condensable components, a heat exchanger is required to obtain bio-fuel from these volatiles. In this research heat exchanger was developed for optimum condensation of volatile vapour (pyro-gas) exiting in a reactor during pyrolysis process. Copper and stainless steel were selected for the development of heat exchanger tube and shell respectively. Mathematical equations were used in sizing and rating the shell and tube heat exchanger, thereby estimating the desired length, shell diameter and number of baffles. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation of the designed heat exchanger was done on the ANSYS software and the validation of the model was achieved by comparing the theoretical temperature with the temperature predicted from the simulation. Results from the theoretical and CFD simulation shows satisfactory similarity in terms of percentage deviation estimated as 4.68% for shell and 4.62% for tube respectively. Simulated percentage product yield for liquid (48.88% and 46.00%), and gas (9.36% and 29.12%) at 400oC and 600oC were slightly higher than the experimental values of liquid (47.00% and 44.00%), and gas (9.00% and 28.00%) at the same temperatures.  In conclusion, the designed heat exchanger can be developed and used for the existing reactor for efficient and effective condensation for improved bio-oil yield. ","PeriodicalId":244756,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Research and Reviews","volume":"113 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140379084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}