Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni最新文献

{"title":"Reforming ideas and movement activities of Vasyl Karazin for economic development","authors":"V. Nebrat","doi":"10.15407/ingedu2023.56.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.170","url":null,"abstract":"The article is published on the occasion of the 250th anniversary of the birth of an outstanding Ukrainian – Vasyl Karazin (1773–1842). The purpose of the article is to reveal the main stages of his biography, the characteristics of his scientific worldview and life position, directions of activity and main achievements. Special methods were used to achieve the goal of the study. Historical and logical analysis – to determine the innovation of V. Karazin's research, his contribution to the development of public education and public administration reforms. The personalistic-biographical method is used to analyze the sources of progressive ideas and drivers of public activity of V. Karazin. The hermeneutic analysis of historical sources and the phenomenological approach helped to consider the figure and theoretical legacy of V. Karazin taking into account the historical context. Problem-genetic analysis and theoretical generalization made it possible to evaluate his practical activity from the standpoint of modernity. The axiological approach is applied as a methodological basis for the study of outstanding figures of Ukrainian science. The controversy and multifacetedness of the personality are shown on the basis of revealing the main stages of V. Karazin's biography. His noble origin opened the possibility of a successful military career. But he chose the path of education, social activities to improve the welfare of the people and the development of the economy. V. Karazin entered the history of Ukraine as the founder of the first university on Ukrainian lands, a scientist-encyclopedist and educator, experimenter and inventor, organizer and popularizer of science, publicist, public figure, author of reform projects in the field of public administration and finance, agriculture and land use. His inventions opened up new opportunities for the development of the economy, improving people's lives and livelihoods. Progressive economic ideas, scientific and educational, administrative and public activities of V. Karazin are considered as the worldview-value and scientific-practical basis of the formation of modern Ukrainian identity for the intellectual and innovative reconstruction of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":244406,"journal":{"name":"Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functioning of the banking system of Ukraine during the war","authors":"H. Petryshyn","doi":"10.15407/ingedu2023.56.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.189","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to outline the financial situation of Ukraine during the ongoing war with Russia and to show the actions of the National Bank of Ukraine to preserve and ensure financial stability in emergency conditions. The article indicates the impact of the war on the financial state of the economy and the banking sector. The state of the Ukrainian economy, as well as the banking sector, as the basis of the financial system, is characterized. Threats and challenges, risks inherent in the activities of financial service providers – banks are indicated, attention is focused on credit risk. Changes in bank balance sheets in terms of assets and liabilities in foreign currency in recent years (2018–2022) were considered, the main reasons for the deterioration of the quality of the loan portfolio and the reasons for the reduction of the loan portfolio were noted. An analysis of non-performing assets of banks and the reasons for their increase was carried out. The reports of the National Bank of Ukraine and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine were used for the analysis. The following priority directions of NBU activity for 2023 have been identified: credit risk and liquidity risk management; capital; maintaining business models and internal management, including ensuring the continuity of operation of bank branches under martial law. The need for global efforts to restore the economy and financial system of Ukraine after the end of the war is substantiated.","PeriodicalId":244406,"journal":{"name":"Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration in the system of protection of the Western European countries national economic interests in the post-war period","authors":"T. Bodnarchuk","doi":"10.15407/ingedu2023.56.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.024","url":null,"abstract":"The protracted war intensifies Ukraine’s political, financial, and economic dependence on partner countries, which determines the importance of protecting national interests and strengthening its own competitive advantages. At the same time, further integration of the country into the global economic space is a victory, national security, and a successful post-war recovery guarantee. It determines the importance of the historical assessment of the integration processes’ role in national economic development. The purpose of the study is to summarize the results of the European integration impact on the post-war economic reconstruction of the Western European countries in terms of overcoming the region's financial and economic dependence on foreign aid and protecting national interests. Concepts of international economic integration are the theoretical basis of the research. The research methodology is based on the problem-logical, historical-genetic, comparative, and statistical analysis. The research determines that the formation of regional European associations and the involvement of Western European countries in the integration processes, which was carried out through the trade barriers reduction, the multilateral agreements, and the assistance regime agreements, was caused by a number of conditions and factors, including harmful post-war social and economic consequences, the destabilization of American-European trade and the dollar deficit, powerful foreign aid within the framework of the Marshall Plan, which contributed to the restoration of the industrial and commercial potential of countries, the joint policy of the US and Western European countries regarding security, peace, and prosperity. It has been proven that in the post-war reconstruction terms, trade and economic integration became a determinant of the activation of intra-European trade, the formation of a single European market, the strengthening of export technology, which helped to overcome the financial and economic dependence of the region on the USA and the realization of the national competitive advantages of the Western European countries in international trade. The integration processes were an induced, but objective response of the Western European governments to post-war threats and risks. Although integration involved some limitations of countries in terms of legal regulation and the joint implementation of trade, monetary, and financial policies, it led to the formation of a system of supranational economic management based on democratization, harmonization, and consolidation, contributed to the realization of national interests in terms of political security and economic growth.","PeriodicalId":244406,"journal":{"name":"Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postcolonial Theory and its application to the Post-Soviet States","authors":"Oksana Telenko, Oleksandra Kurbet","doi":"10.15407/ingedu2023.56.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.255","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to reveal the constraints of traditional postcolonial theory, particularly in its application in the post-Soviet space, and to argue the need to study the post-Soviet space through the prism of this theory, considering the colonial nature of the Soviet Union. It focuses on analysing the limitations of postcolonial theory concerning the so-called «Second World» and singling out distinctive attributes of the Russian imperial regime and its enduring aftermath. The authors had studied constraints within the postcolonial theory, in particular, the centrality of racist-related experience and narratives regarding «Second World». These limitations pave the way for a broader understanding of post-Soviet states' complex historical narratives. We analyse the expansionist ambitions of the Russian Empire (as well as its successor, the Soviet Union) both Eastward and Westward and its colonial practices imposed upon indigenous populations in newly acquired territories. This analysis showcases how Russian colonialism endured even after the collapse of the empire, finding a new life in Bolshevik ideology. In particular, the article provides data that testify USSR’s economic colonialism toward Ukraine. It is shown that due to autonomy development after Bolshevik revolution, Baltic states managed to implement robust institutional and economic reforms before the Soviet Union re-annexed their territories. In stark contrast, other territories, including Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, were swiftly absorbed by the Bolshevik regime following the demise of the imperial government. This dichotomy sheds light on the intricate process of decolonisation, demonstrating that true independence for some former Russian colonies only materialised after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The authors suggest that adopting a quasi-colonial lens to view the Soviet Regime provides profound insights into the challenges impeding the development of post-Soviet states. This paper offers a comprehensive understanding of the postcolonial dynamics in the post-Soviet states. It sheds light on not just the historical intricacies but also the contemporary challenges these nations face, thus contributing to a richer scholarly discourse on postcolonialism and its evolving relevance in the modern world.","PeriodicalId":244406,"journal":{"name":"Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landscape entrepreneurship of Makarivo region at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century: a historical heritage","authors":"O. Kudlasevych","doi":"10.15407/ingedu2023.56.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.286","url":null,"abstract":"Optimizing the use of local resource potential based on the development of entrepreneurship is an important factor in the recovery of the Ukrainian economy. The purpose of the article is a historical and economic analysis of the entrepreneurial activity of Ukrainian landowners, namely the specifics of agro-industrial entrepreneurship of the Makariv Oblast in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. On the basis of a retrospective analysis of the formation of entrepreneurship in Ukraine, the main development trends and specifics of the formation of landlord entrepreneurship are characterized on the example of the Makariv District. It is shown that the entrepreneurship of the post-reformation era occupied an important place in the noble-landlord economy. As a result of the combination of cultivation of agricultural products and their processing, noble-landlord farms turned into agrarian-industrial complexes. Specialization was conditioned by natural and climatic conditions. In the course of the research, it was revealed that the technical processing of agricultural products: sugar, distillery, tobacco, flour mill production has gained a powerful development. It was determined that the existence of a practically closed production cycle was characteristic of entrepreneurial type landlord farms. The landowners of the Makariv region introduced such productions that best corresponded to natural, financial conditions and market demands. Simultaneously with the production of agricultural products, they made investments in distilleries, breweries and mills, sawmills that were part of the estates. Combining the production of agricultural products with their industrial processing provided the owner with stable profits. The entrepreneurial activity of the landowners, focused on the most effective use of local natural resource potential, acquired the character of agrarian and industrial entrepreneurship, which, along with ensuring profits, performed social and economic functions in the development of the Makariv district. The formation of a strategy and specific ways of recovery of regions and transformation of agricultural production affected by Russian aggression should be formed taking into account positive historical experience.","PeriodicalId":244406,"journal":{"name":"Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni","volume":"22 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Austrian school as a field of study in economics – truths and myths","authors":"Zbigniew Klimiuk, T. Slyvka","doi":"10.15407/ingedu2023.56.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.081","url":null,"abstract":"The article is concerned with studying of the Austrian school of economics, comparison of approaches of different representatives of the school to the analysis of basic economic phenomena and processes, determining differences between scientists' views and their research methods. The importance of the ideas of Austrian economists for modern economic theory in the context of interaction between the state and the market is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to study the theoretical concepts of the Austrian school in the context of the search for new theoretical approaches to solve modern economic problems. The methods of comparative studies and the problem-personified approach to the study of the history of economic ideas are used. A comparison of the main ideas of the representatives of the Austrian school is carried out in historical and logical sequence. The results of the study give a description of the main theses of Carl Menger, Friedrich von Hayek, Ludwig von Mises and their scientific followers. The nature of prices and subjective valuation as well as price stabilization policy are revealed in the paper according to Austrian tradition. Attention is paid to the subjective approach, namely subjective information and costs. It is emphasized that entrepreneurship is a major force and Austrian believe that an entrepreneur's profit comes from the assumption of simple identification of risk with error. Today, the Austrian approach is of particular relevance, according to which it is impossible to scientifically know what will happen tomorrow, since it depends mainly on knowledge and information that has not yet been created in the entrepreneurial process. The results of research are important for understanding the need to revival of interest in this strand of economics, which for decades had been treated marginally in textbooks of economic thought. Austrian theoretical approaches should be used to analyze the processes of modern economic development and solve complex multifaceted economic problems.","PeriodicalId":244406,"journal":{"name":"Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni","volume":"23 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Market investment mechanisms in the formation of the economic system of Ukraine (second half of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century)","authors":"Oleksandr Korniyaka","doi":"10.15407/ingedu2023.56.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.299","url":null,"abstract":"The study of economic heritage and the historical trajectory of the formation of the economic system of Ukraine is an important scientific task. The relevance of the problem of the formation of effective capital formation and investment mechanisms is increasing in the conditions of macroeconomic destabilization and the destruction of economic potential caused by the military attack of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the publication is to present the results of a comprehensive study of the main factors, prerequisites and trends in the formation and development of institutions and mechanisms of the functioning of the stock market in Ukraine during the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Special attention is paid to the study of the components of the institutional structure of this market, which stimulate its formation and development in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the functioning of the Ukrainian segment of the stock market of the Russian Empire are determined. The process of circulation of securities on the Odesa, Kyiv, and Kharkiv stock exchanges was characterized by a lower level of state regulation compared to other stock exchanges. This contributed to the activation of investment processes and the acceleration of the development of stock market institutions and mechanisms. The contribution of Ukrainian scientists-economists of the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries is revealed. In the development of scientific analysis of the stock market and practical approaches to the formation of market institutions and mechanisms. A historical regularity in the formation of the stock market under the influence of state regulation of the circulation of securities has been revealed. This practice was a driver of the development of the stock market in the short term, but became an institutional barrier to the implementation of long-term investment strategies. The banking structures' monopolization of the over-the-counter circulation of securities and the establishment of control over transactions on the stock exchange led to the destruction of the mechanism of market pricing in the stock market and the increase in the cost of investment resources. The conclusion is argued that the first wave of market transformations of the Ukrainian economy (the second half of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century) ensured the formation of institutions and mechanisms of financial support for economic development with significant features and limitations.","PeriodicalId":244406,"journal":{"name":"Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni","volume":"27 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational and legal basis of corporate reform in the public sector of the economy under the conditions of European integration of Ukraine","authors":"Olha Safronova","doi":"10.15407/ingedu2023.56.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.208","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the state and directions of development of the organizational and legal foundations of corporate reform in the state sector of the economy in the context of the tasks defined in the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU countries. The normative-legal and organizational principles of the implementation of measures for corporate reform of the activities of state-owned enterprises and companies were studied, the main achievements and limitations in the process of their implementation were highlighted. It is argued that as a result of the creation of supervisory boards at a number of domestic state-owned companies, the organizational model of management decision-making has changed. This made it possible to take a more balanced approach to justifying the necessary decisions and personnel appointments, to form the basis for attracting competent independent directors to participate in the work of supervisory boards, and to initiate a movement towards the implementation of established international standards of corporate governance. However, the implementation of corporate reform in the state sector of the economy of Ukraine is limited due to the fact that the creation of supervisory boards of state unitary enterprises is not accompanied by the elimination of inherent shortcomings of the organizational and legal form of these economic structures, the means of ensuring the control of the performance of the functions entrusted to the members of the supervisory boards and independent directors are not clearly fixed, there are organizational uncertainties during the competitive selection of applicants for relevant positions, the implementation of the institution of supervisory boards of state-owned companies is not consistent with efforts to implement other essential components of modern corporate management – the development of strategic plans for specific economic structures, the use of risk management mechanisms, the clear declaration of ownership policy as state level, as well as at the level of each state enterprise. Taking into account the influence of the mentioned factors, promising directions for the development of the organizational and legal foundations of corporate reform in the state sector of the economy of Ukraine are specified, measures for their implementation in modern economic conditions are outlined.","PeriodicalId":244406,"journal":{"name":"Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138604478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women winning: Claudia Goldin awarded by sveriges riksbank prize in economic sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel 2023","authors":"K. Lopukh","doi":"10.15407/ingedu2023.56.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.150","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the main autobiographical events and scientific contribution of the American economic historian, Harvard University professor Claudia Goldin. This year, she was awarded the Alfred Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for significant scientific achievements in explaining essential causes of gender differences in the labor market. For the first time, the laureate has provided comprehensive evidence of changes in women’s wages and their participation in the US labor market over two centuries, which had previously been largely unknown. Using historical and economic analysis, C. Goldin showed that despite technological development, economic growth and an increase in the share of employed women in the 20th century, the income gap between women and men almost did not disappear over a long period. However, women’s educational attainment has steadily increased, and in most high-income countries, it is now significantly higher compared with men. In her research, she demonstrated that, in addition to education, women’s access to contraceptives played a crucial role in accelerating revolutionary changes that provided new opportunities for career, marriage, and family planning. C. Goldin explained that most of the gender gap in income before the 1980s was caused by differences in education and career choices between women and men. Exceptionally, the situation changed when women got married and did not return to the labor market. Therefore, in her research on gender pay inequality, C. Goldin focused on analyzing the behavior of married women and changes in their incomes during marriage. Thus, the researcher proved that income inequality in married couples (woman and man) still exists, even if they both have high-paying jobs or are engaged in the same profession. This difference in income occurs mainly with the birth of the first child.","PeriodicalId":244406,"journal":{"name":"Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138602869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"M.H. Bunge – an outstanding Ukrainian scientist, teacher and state reformer (to the 200th anniversary of the birth)","authors":"Tetiana Gaidai","doi":"10.15407/ingedu2023.56.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2023.56.128","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the significance of M.H. Bunge in Ukrainian history and the development of economic science. It reveals the main achievements of this reformer from a contemporary perspective. The role of Bunge in the development of university education, the creative and critical development of economic theory in the second half of the 19th century, the expansion of the domestic market infrastructure, and the scientific justification and practical implementation of economic reforms is demonstrated. The formation of the Kyiv School of Political Economy is discussed in the context of the theoretical and methodological synchronization of domestic economic theory with the defining trends of global economic science, combining the elements of economic liberalism and state intervention in the transformation of the economic environment. The uniqueness of the Kyiv School of Political Economy is argued based on the characterization of its methodological foundations. The practical activities of M.H. Bunge are presented in the historical dimension of social transformations. In particular, it discloses the social-market orientation of the economic reforms that Bunge developed and implemented. The influence of political factors on the success of economic reforms and their social outcomes is highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the role of economic science in social progress. The author presents M.H. Bunge's relevant warnings regarding social populism and political radicalism. In conclusion, it is asserted that the figure and scientific legacy of M.H. Bunge serve as an ideological and spiritual compass for today.","PeriodicalId":244406,"journal":{"name":"Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}