{"title":"Evaluation of GIC Thermal Capability of Power Transformers - Part II: Shell Form Transformers","authors":"R. Girgis, M. Bernesjo, Marco Espindola","doi":"10.1109/td43745.2022.9816984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/td43745.2022.9816984","url":null,"abstract":"As stated in Part I of this paper, this Part II of the paper deals with evaluation of GIC Thermal Capability of Shell form Transformers. This evaluation is based on thermal impact of GIC on the transformer tank because, in these transformers, the tank is the structural part that experiences the highest temperature increase when the transformer is subjected to GIC. Again, in this part of the paper, it is demonstrated that the GIC Thermal Capability of a transformer is an even stronger function of the design of that transformer, especially the winding arrangements used in the design. This is because heating of the tank under GIC is caused by a combination of both the AC leakage flux and the DC flux that impinge on the tank when the core is saturated due to GIC. It was found that the GIC Thermal Capability of some Shell form transformer designs can be considerably low and that it is not practical to decide on a GIC limiting criteria for Shell form transformers unless detailed magnetic and thermal design modeling is performed. Additionally, the paper presents impact of Load and duration of GIC pulses on the GIC Thermal Capability of Shell form transformers.","PeriodicalId":241987,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130123863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimation of the Inertia Constant of Demand in European Regions Considering Daily and Seasonal Variations Based on Statistical Information","authors":"D. Stenzel, R. Witzmann","doi":"10.1109/td43745.2022.9816890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/td43745.2022.9816890","url":null,"abstract":"The future power system will contain significantly lower kinetic energy than today. As with large-scale power plants, demand provides a certain amount of the system inertia. This contribution depends on the proportion of motor loads in total demand. Knowing the demand inertia is important to study its relevance in conditions of low system inertia. For this reason, an approach is presented to estimate demand inertia in 575 European regions based on statistical information. Daily and seasonal variations in the sectoral load composition are considered, resulting in hourly time series of the inertia constant and the kinetic energy of demand. The derived values are consistent with measurement-based approaches. Looking ahead, demand could contribute up to 55 % of the remaining kinetic energy under low system inertia conditions. This highlights the need for a detailed study of demand inertia, particularly on a future trend towards inverter-baser loads.","PeriodicalId":241987,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115146327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego I. Nogueras-Rivera, Harry Bonilla-Alvarado, Julio A. Reyes-Munoz, Alex D. Santiago-Vargas, Luis M. Traverso-Aviles, Diego A. Aponte-Roa
{"title":"Benchmarking of Deep Learning Algorithms for Compressor Air Leak Prediction in a Gas Turbine","authors":"Diego I. Nogueras-Rivera, Harry Bonilla-Alvarado, Julio A. Reyes-Munoz, Alex D. Santiago-Vargas, Luis M. Traverso-Aviles, Diego A. Aponte-Roa","doi":"10.1109/td43745.2022.9816854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/td43745.2022.9816854","url":null,"abstract":"In today's electrical grid, power plants are required to continuously monitor performance by combining sensors with advanced data analytics to provide reliable and efficient energy. This study compares the performance of various state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) algorithms for detecting anomalies on time-series data collected from multiple experiments conducted at the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) Hybrid Performance (Hyper) Facility; equipped with a 120-kW modified gas turbine system designed for hybrid configuration. The experiments consisted of a series of electrical load changes with an emulated compressor leak, which was reproduced by modulating the compressor bleed air valve. Nine different DL architectures were evaluated for a binary classification problem. The performance of the algorithms was compared by observing the average Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) metric score and stability with the results over a series of tests. Each algorithm was trained to predict the label of the first future time-step and later the tenth time-step to understand how the algorithm's predictive performance was affected when predicting time steps further from the present time-step. Results suggest that, for predicting the first future time-step, the most feasible algorithms were the hybrid GRULSTM and parallel CNN-LSTM, with average MCC scores of approximately 71% and 70% respectively. Further, the most stable algorithms, while maintaining acceptable performance, were the sequential CNN-LSTM and Bi-LSTM with 69% and 68% MCC scores, respectively. On the other hand, with the tenth future time-step case, results suggest that the best algorithm was the TCN-FF, with an average MCC score of 75%. An alternative algorithm to explore, for this case, would be the sequential CNNLSTM with an average MCC score of 66% and great stability.","PeriodicalId":241987,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125054140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Algarvio, A. Couto, J. Duque, A. Estanqueiro, R. Pestana, J. Esteves, Cao Yang
{"title":"Increase cross-border capacity to reduce market splitting of day-ahead electricity markets - A dynamic line rating approach","authors":"H. Algarvio, A. Couto, J. Duque, A. Estanqueiro, R. Pestana, J. Esteves, Cao Yang","doi":"10.1109/td43745.2022.9816949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/td43745.2022.9816949","url":null,"abstract":"Market splitting occurs when the energy flow between different market zones is higher than the cross-border capacity, separating the markets and bringing economic losses to market participants. The cross-border capacity is computed by Transmission System Operators using a seasonal steady-state line rating (SLR). SLR considers fixed conservative meteorological conditions throughout the year except for the ambient temperature that can have a fixed seasonal and spatial variation. Dynamic line rating (DLR) analysis using near real-time meteorological data allows to effectively computing the capacity of the lines while SLR, by usually underestimating it, may lead to market splitting. This work presents a case study where DLR is applied to reduce the number of market splitting occurrences in the Iberian market of electricity. For the different scenarios analyzed, the reduction of market splitting occurrences can range from 16% to 57%, being lower than 1% in case of exporting from Portugal to Spain.","PeriodicalId":241987,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125174254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Increasing the Effectiveness of Interface MW Limits for Maintaining Voltage Security","authors":"S. Greene, M. Glavic","doi":"10.1109/td43745.2022.9817004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/td43745.2022.9817004","url":null,"abstract":"Interface MW limits are commonly used as surrogates for voltage constraints in DC power flow models. This work proposes a simple improvement to accepted practice so that the interface MW limits better represent actual voltage vulnerability. Weights are assigned to the individual lines in the interface so that the weighted interface MW flows have the same sensitivity to real power injections as the underlying voltage constraints. Calculation of the weights requires the solution of a small dimensional linear regression equation and is of slight computational burden. The weighted interface MW limit is demonstrated to be an accurate proxy for low voltage limits to inter-area transfers using the Nordic test system.","PeriodicalId":241987,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130437014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Jahromi, Pranav Pattabi, Shanon Lo, Robert Otal
{"title":"Dynamic Condition Assessment of Substation Equipment through an Asset Performance Management System","authors":"A. Jahromi, Pranav Pattabi, Shanon Lo, Robert Otal","doi":"10.1109/td43745.2022.9816992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/td43745.2022.9816992","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a push towards substation asset digitization with an increase in the availability of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in the market. Utilities and industrial establishments are considering a transition from traditional time-based maintenance (TBM) to condition-based maintenance (CBM) based on real-time asset monitoring and condition assessment. In this background, the development of an Asset Performance Management (APM) system comprising of equipment sensors, a data pipeline, intelligent models, and a human-machine interface (HMI) allows for relevant planning and real-time results to be organized and visualized across a centralized platform. This paper presents the framework for dynamic monitoring and condition assessment of station equipment, such as power transformers, power cables, circuit breakers, and switchgear, to respond in advance to potential emerging risks and avoid catastrophic failures. Within the scope of this study, the implementation of an APM system, specific to power transformers, has also been demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":241987,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129651243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. V. Fernandes, D. P. Dias, M. A. Martins, B. B. Cardoso, A. F. Macedo, K. Martins
{"title":"Fault Tracking in Underground Distribution Systems: A Study Case","authors":"S. V. Fernandes, D. P. Dias, M. A. Martins, B. B. Cardoso, A. F. Macedo, K. Martins","doi":"10.1109/td43745.2022.9817001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/td43745.2022.9817001","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the development of a solution for fault location in underground distribution grids. The purpose of applying the solution is to make the fault location process faster and more assertive, in order to increase efficiency in the operation of the distribution system and improve the quality of services provided to society. Thus, there will be a decrease in complaints rates, increased customer satisfaction and mitigation of SAIDI/SAIFI. This article describes a proof of concept carried out with an equipment developed to identify failures in the medium voltage grids of a electrical utility in Brazil - ENEL Distribuição São Paulo. The studies presented in this article are part of the Urban Futurability (UF) Research and Development project. The UF project was carried out in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, in a region that has a high load density and around 20,000 consumer units of the residential and commercial type.","PeriodicalId":241987,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"315 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129733830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vinícius C. Cunha, Taehyung Kim, Nicholas G. Barry, S. Santoso, W. Freitas
{"title":"Demonstration of Quasi-Static Time-Series Power Flow Studies for Islanded Three-Phase Microgrids","authors":"Vinícius C. Cunha, Taehyung Kim, Nicholas G. Barry, S. Santoso, W. Freitas","doi":"10.1109/td43745.2022.9816996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/td43745.2022.9816996","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution systems led to an increase in interest in islanded microgrids. As a consequence, new simulation tools are required by utilities to leverage the benefits of these new system configurations. In this context, this work presents quasi-static time-series (QSTS) power flow studies using a method that utilizes the solution mechanism from OpenDSS. The system modeling and power flow solution are conducted using OpenDSS, simplifying the implementation of islanded microgrid studies. This paper implements and demonstrates the application of our proposed method in OpenDSS. Specifically, voltage regulation and power and energy balance studies are carried out on EPRI ckt 5, which is based on a real-world distribution feeder.","PeriodicalId":241987,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128944100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ignas Šatkauskas, Jonathan Maack, M. Reynolds, D. Sigler, Kinshuk Panda, Wesley B. Jones
{"title":"Simulating Impacts of Extreme Events on Grids with High Penetrations of Wind Power Resources","authors":"Ignas Šatkauskas, Jonathan Maack, M. Reynolds, D. Sigler, Kinshuk Panda, Wesley B. Jones","doi":"10.1109/td43745.2022.9816884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/td43745.2022.9816884","url":null,"abstract":"As extreme weather events become more frequent and intense, the demand for connecting grid operation and infrastructure planning with extreme event models will increase as well. We present a methodology for creating damage contingencies and scenarios for electric transmission grids during a hurricane strike. Using WIND Toolkit meteorological data in conjunction with fragility curves for various electric grid elements, we generate stochastic damage scenarios that can be used for short- and long-term planning problems, e.g., emergency asset management. Included is an example case study: Hurricane Dolly damaging a synthetic 2000-bus test system during its landing in Southern Texas. We perform statistical analysis of damages and discuss topological effects on the example synthetic grid. Also, we include a cursory evaluation of impacts using simplified operational models. Finally, we discuss how our method can be extended to use even higher-fidelity meteorological data sets and suggest directions for future work.","PeriodicalId":241987,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121252619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing and Verification of an Intelligent Sensor Platform for Distribution System Monitoring and Control","authors":"Niroj Gurung, M. Lelic, P. Pabst, Aleksi Paaso","doi":"10.1109/td43745.2022.9816865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/td43745.2022.9816865","url":null,"abstract":"With the continued integration of grid-edge devices, grid architecture for monitoring and control requires transformation as well. Large scale deployment of intermittent distributed energy resources (DERs) has introduced new challenges in planning and operation of distribution systems. High-fidelity monitoring and distributed intelligence allow for full utilization of benefits with high penetration of DERs. Availability of high-resolution voltage and current measurements with an enhanced accuracy level across the distribution system is a prerequisite for high-fidelity monitoring of DERs. This paper presents field installation and demonstration of an intelligent measurement platform called SIMPLE (Sensors with Intelligent Measurement Platform and Low-cost Equipment). The objective of the project is to demonstrate distributed monitoring and control capabilities and peer-to-peer communication between distributed nodes outside the substation. The SIMPLE platform can facilitate both high-fidelity monitoring of DERs and distributed intelligent control in operation of electric distribution systems.","PeriodicalId":241987,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114255506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}