Zygote最新文献

{"title":"Effects of kisspeptin on the maturation of human ovarian primordial follicles in vitro","authors":"Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi, Leila Kooshesh, Ali Tayyebiazar, Neda Taghizabet, Anahita Tavakoli, Ashraf Hassanpour, Fereshteh Aliakbari, Ebrahim Kharazinejad, Ali-Mohammad Sharifi","doi":"10.1017/s0967199423000527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0967199423000527","url":null,"abstract":"Summary At this time, with advances in medical science, many cancers and chronic diseases are treatable, but one of their side effects is infertility. Some women also want to delay pregnancy for personal reasons. There has been some evidence that kisspeptin activates broad signals by binding to its receptor, suggesting that the role of kisspeptin in direct control of ovarian function includes follicle growth and steroid production. In this study, the effect of kisspeptin on improving the quality and results for human ovarian follicles was investigated. A section of ovary was removed laparoscopically from women between 20 and 35 years of age (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 12). Pieces were divided randomly into two groups, control and treatment (with 1 μM kisspeptin). Real-time PCR was performed for <jats:italic>GDF9</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>BMP15</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>mTOR</jats:italic> gene expression assessments. Western blotting was carried out to measure AKT and FOXO3a protein expression. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test; means were considered significantly different at a <jats:italic>P</jats:italic>-value &lt; 0.05. During treatment with the kisspeptin group, maturity genes are expressed. Therefore, kisspeptin is an effective substance to improve the quality of the human ovarian medium as it increases the maturity of follicles.","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust evidence reveals the reliable rate of normal/balanced embryos for identifying reciprocal translocation and Robertsonian translocation carriers","authors":"Zhihua Tian, Wenchang Lian, Li Xu, Yanxi Long, Li Tang, Huawei Wang","doi":"10.1017/s0967199423000606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0967199423000606","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We aimed to evaluate the reliable rate of normal/balanced embryos for reciprocal translocation and Robertsonian translocation carriers and to provide convincing evidence for clinical staff to conduct genetic counselling regarding common structural rearrangements to alleviate patient anxiety. The characteristics of 39,459 embryos that were sourced from unpublished data and literature were analyzed. The samples consisted of 17,536 embryo karyotypes that were not published and 21,923 embryo karyotypes obtained from the literature. Using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases, specific keywords were used to screen the literature for reciprocal translocation and Robertsonian translocation. The ratio of normal/balanced embryos in the overall data was calculated and analyzed, and we grouped the results according to gender to confirm if there were gender differences. We also divided the data into the cleavage stage and blastocyst stage according to the biopsy period to verify if there was a difference in the ratio of normal/balanced embryos. By combining the unpublished data and data derived from the literature, the average rates of normal/balanced embryos for reciprocal translocation and Robertsonian translocation carriers were observed to be 26.96% (7953/29,495) and 41.59% (4144/9964), respectively. Reciprocal translocation and Robertson translocation exhibited higher rates in male carriers than they did in female carriers (49.60% vs. 37.44%; 29.84% vs. 27.67%). Additionally, the data for both translocations exhibited differences in the normal/balanced embryo ratios between the cleavage and blastocyst stages of carriers for both Robertsonian translocation and reciprocal translocation (36.07% vs 43.43%; 24.88% vs 27.67%). The differences between the two location types were statistically significant (<span>P &lt;</span> 0.05). The normal/balanced ratio of embryos in carriers of reciprocal and RobT was higher than the theoretical ratio, and the values ranged from 26.96% to 41.59%. Moreover, the male carriers possessed a higher number of embryos that were normal or balanced. The ratio of normal/balanced embryos in the blastocyst stage was higher than that in the cleavage stage. The results of this study provide a reliable suggestion for future clinic genetic consulting regarding the rate of normal/balanced embryos of reciprocal translocation and Robertsonian translocation carriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zona pellucida removal modifies the expression and release of specific microRNAs in domestic cat blastocysts.","authors":"Daniel Veraguas-Dávila, Diego Caamaño, Darling Saéz-Ruiz, Yazmín Vásquez, Fernando Saravia, Fidel Ovidio Castro, Lleretny Rodríguez-Alvarez","doi":"10.1017/S0967199423000436","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0967199423000436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>in vitro</i> culture of domestic cat embryos without the zona pellucida affects their implantation capacity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have an important role in embryo-maternal communication and implantation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of specific miRNAs in domestic cat blastocysts cultured without the zona pellucida. Two experimental groups were done: (1) domestic cat embryos cultured with the zona pellucida (zona intact control group, ZI); and (2) cultured without the zona pellucida (zona free group, ZF). The cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates were evaluated. The blastocysts and their spent medium were used for miRNA expression analysis using RT-qPCR (<i>miR-21, miR-24, mi25, miR-29, miR-96, miR-98, miR-103, miR-191, miR-196, miR-199, miR-130, miR-155</i> and <i>miR-302</i>). The pre-mature microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) and miRNAs were evaluated in the blastocysts and only miRNAs were evaluated in the spent medium. No differences were observed in the cleavage, morula and blastocyst rates between the ZF and ZI groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). For miRNAs analysis, <i>miR-103</i> and <i>miR-191</i> had the most stable expression and were selected as internal controls. ZF blastocysts had a higher expression of <i>miR-21</i>, <i>miR-25</i>, <i>miR-29</i> and <i>miR-199</i> and a lower expression of <i>miR-96</i> than their ZI counterparts (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, higher levels of <i>miR-21</i>, <i>miR-25</i> and <i>miR-98</i> were detected in the spent medium of ZF blastocysts (<i>P</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, <i>in vitro</i> culture of domestic cat embryos without the zona pellucida modifies the expression of <i>miR-21</i>, <i>miR-25</i>, <i>miR-29</i>, <i>miR-199</i> and <i>miR-96</i> at the blastocyst stage and the release of <i>miR-21</i>, <i>miR-25</i> and <i>miR-98</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"544-556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10674618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of multi-gradient equilibration during vitrification on oocyte survival and embryo development in mice.","authors":"Yan Zhu, Zhen Zhang, Guang-Li Zhang, Man-Xi Jiang","doi":"10.1017/S0967199423000540","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0967199423000540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitrification has been widely used for oocyte cryopreservation, but there is still a need for optimization to improve clinical outcomes. In this study, we compared the routine droplet merge protocol with modified multi-gradient equilibration vitrification for cryopreservation of mouse oocytes at metaphase II. Subsequently, the oocytes were thawed and subjected to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Oocyte survival and spindle status were evaluated by morphology and immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, the fertilization rates and blastocyst development were examined <i>in vitro</i>. The results showed that multi-gradient equilibration vitrification outperformed droplet merge vitrification in terms of oocyte survival, spindle morphology, blastocyst formation, and embryo quality. In contrast, droplet merge vitrification exhibited decreasing survival rates, a reduced proportion of oocytes with normal spindle morphology, and lower blastocyst rates as the number of loaded oocytes increased. Notably, when more than six oocytes were loaded, reduced oocyte survival rates, abnormal oocyte spindle morphology, and poor embryo quality were observed. These findings highlight that the vitrification of mouse metaphase II oocytes by the modified multi-gradient equilibration vitrification has the advantage of maintaining oocyte survival, spindle morphology, and subsequent embryonic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"612-619"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138300162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obeticholic acid treatment of mice to promote fertilization and reproduction.","authors":"Ming Liang, Huailiang Yang, Lanyong Xu, Longqiao Cao","doi":"10.1017/S0967199423000400","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0967199423000400","url":null,"abstract":"Obeticholic acid (OCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, has been demonstrated to ameliorate the histopathological characteristics of liver damage. Nonetheless, the systemic safety profile of OCA with regard to reproduction and development remains poorly understood. In the present study, we conducted a dose-response experiment by administering OCA at doses of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 20 mg/kg through tube feeding to investigate its effect on reproductive development and fertilization rate in both male and female mice. Furthermore, we evaluated the levels of protein and mitochondrial function in the placenta through western blot, qPCR, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg OCA doses significantly reduced the rate of placental implantation (P < 0.05). Also, OCA increased maternal body weight. In addition, OCA increased levels of FXR and TGR5 and produced changes in oxidative stress levels (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial activity result found that 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of OCA significantly reduced the mitophagy autosomes/nucleus compared with the normal control group (P < 0.05). What is more, there was no significant difference in sperm count after OCA intervention in either C57BL/10 mice or BALB/c mice. Overall, we demonstrated that OCA treatment protected against placental implantation by suppressing placental oxidative stress and mitochondrial activity.","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"527-536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10132556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of klotho protein or klotho knockdown in porcine oocytes at different stages.","authors":"Eun Pyo Kim, Do Yon Kim, Changhoon Park, Seung-Min Yoo, Myung-Shin Lee, Geon A Kim","doi":"10.1017/S096719942300045X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S096719942300045X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Klotho is a protein that plays different functions in female fertility. We have previously reported that klotho protein supplementation during <i>in vitro</i> maturation improves porcine embryo development, while klotho knockout for somatic cell cloning completely blocks full-term pregnancy <i>in vivo</i>. However, the effects of the microinjection of klotho protein or klotho knockdown dual vector in porcine embryos at different time points and the specific molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we injected the preassembled cas9 + sgRNA dual vector, for klotho knockdown, into the cytoplasm of the germinal vesicle stage of oocytes and into porcine embryos after 6-h parthenogenetic activation. Similarly, the klotho protein was inserted into the cytoplasm of germinal vesicle stage oocytes and porcine embryos after 6-h parthenogenetic activation. Compared with the controls, the microinjection of klotho dual vector markedly decreased the blastocyst formation rates in germinal vesicle stage oocytes and activated embryos. However, the efficiency of blastocyst formation when klotho protein was inserted before <i>in vitro</i> maturation was significantly higher than that after klotho protein insertion into parthenogenetically activated embryos. These results indicated that klotho knockdown may impair embryo development into blastocyst irrespective of injection timing. In addition, klotho protein injection timing in pig embryos may be an important factor for regulating embryo development.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"577-581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive outcomes with delayed blastocyst development: the clinical value of day 7 euploid blastocysts in frozen embryo transfer cycles.","authors":"Andrea Abdala, Ibrahim Elkhatib, Aşina Bayram, Ahmed El-Damen, Laura Melado, Daniela Nogueira, Barbara Lawrenz, Human M Fatemi","doi":"10.1017/S0967199423000485","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0967199423000485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Embryos of optimal development reach blastocyst stage 116 ± 2 h after insemination. Usable D7 blastocysts represent nearly 5% of embryos in IVF with acceptable pregnancy and live birth rates, however data are still limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the ongoing pregnancy rate (OPR) of D7 blastocysts in single euploid frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. An observational study was performed including 1527 FET cycles with blastocysts biopsied on D5 (<i>N</i> = 855), D6 (<i>N</i> = 636) and D7 (<i>N</i> = 36). Blastocysts were classified as good (AA/AB/BA), fair (BB) or poor (AC/BC/CC/CA/CB) (Gardner scoring). FETs were performed in natural cycles (NC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) cycles. Patient's age differed significantly between D5, D6 and D7 blastocysts FET cycles (33.2 ± 5.6, 34.4 ± 5.3 and 35.9 ± 5.2, <i>P</i> < 0.001). OPRs were higher when D5 euploid blastocysts were transferred compared with D6 and D7 (56.0% vs. 45.3% and 11.1%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Poor quality blastocysts were predominant in D7 blastocyst FET cycles (good quality: 35.4%, 27.2%, 5.6%; fair quality: 52.1%, 38.5%, 11.1%; poor quality: 12.5%, 34.3%, 83.3%, <i>P</i> < 0.001 for D5, D6 and D7 blastocysts; respectively). OPR was significantly reduced by D7 blastocyst FETs (OR = 0.23 [0.08;0.62], <i>P</i> = 0.004), patient's BMI (OR = 0.96 [0.94;0.98], <i>P</i> < 0.001), HRT cycles (OR = 0.70 [0.56;0.88], <i>P</i> = 0.002) and poor quality blastocysts (OR = 0.33 [0.24;0.45], <i>P</i> < 0.001). OPR is significantly reduced with D7 compared with D5/D6 euploid blastocysts in FET cycles. The older the patient, the more likely they are to have an FET cycle with blastocysts biopsied on D7, therefore culturing embryos until D7 can be a strategy to increase OPR outcomes in patients ≥38 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"588-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The optimal frozen embryo transfer strategy for the recurrent implantation failure patient without blastocyst freezing: thawing day 3 embryos and culturing to day 5 blastocysts.","authors":"Xiang Li, Youman Zeng, Juan He, Bowen Luo, Xiongcai Lu, Lingling Zhu, Zengyu Yang, Fuman Cai, Sheng-Ao Chen, Yudi Luo","doi":"10.1017/S0967199423000503","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0967199423000503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the optimal frozen embryo transfer (FET) strategy for recurrent implantation failure (RIF) patients with three consecutive failed cleaved embryo implantations and no blastocyst preservation. This retrospective analysis was divided into three groups based on the FET strategy: thawed day 3 embryo transfer (D3 FET group); and extended culture of frozen-thawed day 3 embryos to day 5 blastocysts transfer (D3-D5 FET group); thawed blastocyst transfer (D5 FET group). Transplant cycle data were compared between the three groups. In total, 43.8% of vitrified-thawed cleavage embryos developed into blastocysts. Analysis of the three transplantation strategies showed that, compared with the D3 FET group, D3-D5 had a significantly better hCG-positivity rate and live-birth rate (<i>P <</i> 0.05). Pregnancy outcomes in the D3-D5 FET group and D5 FET group were similar regarding hCG-positivity rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live-birth rate. Our findings propose two potentially valuable transfer strategies for patients experiencing repeated implantation failures. The D3-D5 FET approach presents a greater potential for selecting promising embryos in cases without blastocyst preservation; however, this strategy does entail the risk of cycle cancellation. Conversely, in instances where blastocyst preservation is an option, prioritizing consideration of the D5 FET strategy is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"596-604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> maturation in synthetic oviductal fluid increases gene expression associated with quality and lipid metabolism in bovine oocytes.","authors":"Adriano Felipe Mendes, Raquel Zaneti Puelker, Lilian Francisco Arantes de Souza, Andréa Renesto Coimbra Jacintho, Priscila Helena Dos Santos, Ines Cristina Giometti, Sheila Merlo Firetti, Anthony César de Souza Castilho, Marilice Zundt, Claudia Maria Bertan Membrive, Caliê Castilho","doi":"10.1017/S0967199423000473","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0967199423000473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally, <i>in vitro</i> oocyte and embryo culture progresses through a series of varying culture medium. To investigate simplifying the <i>in vitro</i> production of bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), this study used synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Special interest was placed on gene expression linked to lipid metabolism and oocyte maturation. COCs were matured in different media: Medium 199 (M199 group), M199 with 100 μM CLA (M199 + CLA group), SOF (SOF group), and SOF with 100 μM CLA (SOF + CLA group). COCs matured with SOF showed a higher relative abundance of mRNA of quality indicators gremlin 1 (<i>GREM1</i>) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (<i>PTGS2</i>) in oocytes, and <i>GREM1</i> in cumulus cells compared with in the M199 group. SOF medium COCs had a higher relative abundance of fatty acid desaturase 2 (<i>FADS2</i>) compared with the M199 group, which is essential for lipid metabolism in oocytes. Furthermore, the abundance of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (<i>SCD1</i>) in oocytes matured with SOF was not influenced by the addition of CLA, whereas the relative abundance of <i>SCD1</i> was reduced in M199 medium with CLA. We concluded that maturation in SOF medium results in a greater abundance of genes linked to quality and lipidic metabolism in oocytes, regardless of the addition of CLA.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"582-587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of <i>BAK</i>, <i>BAX</i> and <i>MAD2L1 g</i>ene expression in human aneuploid blastocysts.","authors":"M Ahmed, H Aytacoglu, O Coban, P Tulay","doi":"10.1017/S0967199423000539","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0967199423000539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintaining genomic stability is crucial for normal development. At earlier stages of preimplantation development, as the embryonic genome activation is not fully completed, the embryos may be more prone to abnormalities. Aneuploidies are one of the most common genetic causes of implantation failure or first-trimester miscarriages. Apoptosis is a crucial mechanism to eliminate damaged or abnormal cells from the organism to enable healthy growth. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis in human aneuploid and euploid blastocysts. In total, 32 human embryos obtained from 21 patients were used for this study. Trophectoderm biopsies were performed and next-generation screening was carried out for aneuploidy screening. Total RNA was extracted from each blastocyst separately and cDNA was synthesized. Gene expression levels were evaluated using RT-PCR. The statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the gene expression level variations in the euploid and aneuploid embryos, respectively. The expression level of the <i>BAX</i> gene was significantly different between the aneuploid and euploid samples. BAX expression levels were found to be 1.5-fold lower in aneuploid cells. However, the expression levels of <i>BAK</i> and <i>MAD2L1</i> genes were similar in each group. This study aimed to investigate the possible role of genes involved in apoptosis and aneuploidy mechanisms. The findings of this investigation revealed that the <i>BAX</i> gene was expressed significantly differently between aneuploid and euploid embryos. Therefore, it is possible that the genes involved in the apoptotic pathway have a role in the aneuploidy mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"605-611"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138296161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}