Zygote最新文献

{"title":"Does high serum oestradiol during stimulation influence obstetrical outcomes and placental pathology in subsequent frozen embryo transfers?","authors":"Inbal Navon, Hadas Ganer, Alexander Volodarsky-Perel, Tuyet Nhung Ton Nu, Alexandre Machado-Gedeon, Yiming Cui, Jonathan Shaul, Michael H Dahan","doi":"10.1017/S0967199425100154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199425100154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>High oestradiol levels during in vitro fertilization (IVF) fresh cycles have been linked to adverse obstetric outcomes, yet whether this is due to endometrial or oocyte effects remains unclear. Investigating subsequent frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles can help clarify the origins of these effects. This study aimed to evaluate obstetric outcomes and placental histology in FET cycles for patients with elevated serum oestradiol levels during the ovarian stimulation cycle in which the embryos were created.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single centre retrospective cohort study of live singleton deliveries after IVF with programmed FET from 2009 to 2017. High oestradiol during ovarian stimulation was defined as ≥10,000 pmol/L. We compared obstetric outcomes and placental findings between pregnancies with high oestradiol levels in the preceding ovarian stimulation cycle and a control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 114 deliveries in the high oestradiol group and 194 in the control group. Baseline demographics were comparable between groups. No significant differences were observed in obstetric outcomes, including low birth weight, preeclampsia and preterm delivery. The placental macroscopic and histopathological findings did not significantly differ between the groups as well.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High oestradiol during the ovarian stimulation cycle used to create embryos is not associated with adverse obstetric outcomes or placental pathologies in pregnancies following FET. This is consistent with an endometrial effect of high oestradiol and thus support the practice of a freeze all approach in high oestradiol cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stereological investigation of conditioned medium originated from human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and platelet-rich plasma effects on polycystic ovary syndrome in a rat model.","authors":"Farzaneh Dehghani, Reza Arefnezhad, Nader Tanideh, Fatemeh Karimi, Fereshteh Aliakbari, Gholamreza Mohseni, Tahereh Esmaeilpour","doi":"10.1017/S0967199425100142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199425100142","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and conditioned medium (CM) originating from human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) as two enriched sources of growth factors have a potential impact on tissue repair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This investigation aimed to investigate the effects of PRP and CM on ovarian structures in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in female rats through the stereological methods.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;To obtain PRP, blood samples from Wistar rats were collected in citrate tubes, centrifuged (400g, 10 min) to separate components. Plasma+Buffy coat was recentrifuged (800g, 10 min); Platelet-poor-plasma (PPP) discarded, PRP (lower layer) obtained and stored at - 20°C. To attain the mentioned mesenchymal CM, first, adipose tissue was collected from liposuction samples by collagenase digestion and cultured in DMEM/FBS. To approve the isolation of ATMSCs, the flow cytometry method, based on the expression status of CD44, CD90, CD34 and CD45 markers, was carried out. ATMSCs were then grown in serum-free DMEM, and supernatant was centrifuged and stored. Forty female Wistar rats were allocated into five groups (Control, negative control (letrozole [LTZ]), letrozole and PRP [LTZ-PRP], letrozole and CM [LTZ-CM] and letrozole and PRP + CM [LTZ-PRP + CM] groups). The Control group received normal saline (0.9% NaCl, 200 μl) orally. In the negative control, PCOS was induced by letrozole (1 mg/kg dissolved in normal saline, daily). Animals were treated by PRP, CM and PRP + CM (200 μL, IP, 1 and 14 days after PCOS induction). At the end of the experiment, body mass index (BMI) and body weight were evaluated, and then, blood samples were taken for the evaluation of serum testosterone level. The animals were dissected, and their ovaries were excised, fixed, sectioned and stained by H&E. Stereological approaches were utilized for estimation of the volume of the ovary, ovarian cortex and medulla, corpus luteum, oocytes, ovarian cysts and the number of different ovarian follicles and granulosa cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In the LTZ-PRP and LTZ-CM groups, ovarian weight (OW) was significantly increased compared to the LTZ group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001 and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05, respectively). The cortex volume (CV) and ovarian volume (OV) of the LTZ-PRP group were dramatically elevated compared to the LTZ group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). A remarkable elevation of the preantral follicles number (PFN) in the mentioned group compared to the LTZ group was also observed (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). The estimation of the antral follicle number (AFN), atretic follicle number (AtFN) and granulosa cell number (GCN) in the LTZ-PRP group showed a significant increment compared to the LTZ group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). The PFN and AFN in the LTZ-CM group compared to the LTZ group were significantly elevated (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). In this group, AtFN and GCN were also increased significantly in com","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145132151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc oxide-curcumin nanoparticles supplementation during oocyte maturation improves bovine <i>in vitro</i> embryo production.","authors":"Luisa Miglio, Muller Carrara Martins, Serena Mares Malta, Renner Mateus Francisco Duarte, Marco Aurélio Schiavo Novaes, Laritza Ferreira de Lima, Tatiane Moraes Arantes, Rayssa de Souza Lopes, Kele Amaral Alves, Marcelo Emílio Beletti, Foued Salmen Espíndola, José Ricardo de Figueiredo","doi":"10.1017/S0967199425100129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199425100129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work investigated the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles functionalized with curcumin (ZnO_(np)+CUR) supplementation during the <i>in vitro</i> maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes on the <i>in vitro</i> embryo production and the cellular antioxidant response. A total of 1,625 cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in the maturation medium in the absence (0 µM - control) or presence of different concentrations of ZnO_(np)+CUR (3 µM, 6 µM or 12 µM). After IVM, COCs were destined either to 1) <i>in vitro</i> embryo production or 2) analysis of reactive oxygen species production, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP). The results demonstrated that the addition of 6 and 12 µM ZnO_(np)+CUR during <i>in vitro</i> maturation showed a higher rate of blastocyst production when compared to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, only 12 µM ZnO_(np)+CUR treatment showed higher rates of embryo production when compared to 3µM ZnO_(np)+CUR treatment. Supplementation of IVM medium with 6 µM ZnO_(np)+CUR reduced ROS production (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared to control and 12 µM ZnO_(np)+CUR treatments. Also, the treatment containing ZnO_(np)+CUR at 12 µM had lower SOD activity after IVM than control treatment. In conclusion, the best outcome for <i>in vitro</i> embryo production was obtained when 6 and 12 µM ZnO_(np)+CUR was added during IVM of bovine oocytes. However, this improvement in <i>in vitro</i> embryo production was not associated with either the reduction of ROS production or SOD and CAT activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145034296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of circadian rhythm on reproductive functions.","authors":"Seda Karabulut, Lima Oria","doi":"10.1017/S0967199425100130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199425100130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms are intrinsic, endogenously generated cycles that regulate various physiological processes, including reproductive functions. These rhythms are orchestrated by a network of core clock genes and are influenced by external environmental cues, primarily the light-dark cycle. Disruptions in circadian rhythms can have profound effects on fertility in both males and females, impacting processes such as the estrous cycle, ovulation, sperm production, implantation and pregnancy maintenance. This review comprehensively explores the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms and their influence on reproductive health, integrating evidence from both animal models and human studies. We delve into the intricate interplay between circadian genes, hormonal regulation and environmental factors, underscoring the critical importance of circadian integrity for optimal reproductive outcomes. The potential therapeutic implications of maintaining circadian rhythms are also discussed, highlighting novel avenues for enhancing reproductive health.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of reversine and proTAME treatment on chromosome segregation during mouse oocyte maturation.","authors":"Shiina Yonekura, Chihiro Hasegawa, Shoma Ochi, Yoh Kinoshita, Jin Shibata, Mizuho Kobayashi, Hikari Ikema, Akifumi Nakata, Tomisato Miura, Hideaki Yamashiro","doi":"10.1017/S0967199425100117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199425100117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aneuploidy in oocytes is a leading cause of implantation failure, miscarriage and congenital disorders. During meiosis, proper timing of chromosome segregation is regulated by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). However, how pharmacological manipulation of these regulatory pathways affects aneuploidy remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated whether SAC inhibition by reversine induces aneuploidy in mouse oocytes and whether partial inhibition of APC/C by proTAME can alleviate these errors. Germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes were matured in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of reversine. To optimize the timing of treatment, oocytes were exposed to reversine for 0, 3, 5 or 7 h, followed by culture with or without proTAME. A proTAME-only group (2.5 nM) was also included. Chromosome spreads were analyzed at the metaphase II (MII) stage to determine aneuploidy rates. Reversine (5 nM) yielded an MII maturation rate of 80.5% but induced a high aneuploidy rate of 77.0%. Sequential treatment with 2.5 nM proTAME significantly reduced aneuploidy to 33.3%. In contrast, proTAME alone led to 79.0% aneuploidy, suggesting its effect is contingent upon prior SAC disruption. These results indicate that reversine compromises chromosomal integrity, while appropriately timed, low-dose proTAME can partially rescue segregation errors. Our findings underscore the potential of pharmacologically regulating APC/C activity to reduce aneuploidy and enhance oocyte quality, offering new avenues for improving outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144971968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorating the heat stress effects on maturing bovine oocytes through gamma-oryzanol supplementation.","authors":"Ali Kadivar, Nahid Davoodian, Najmeh Davoodian","doi":"10.1017/S0967199425100075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199425100075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reproductive efficiency of dairy cows decreases significantly in hot climates. Exposure to heat stress causes damage to different stages of the reproductive cycle including a decrease in the quality of oocytes. Antioxidant supplementation has been introduced as one of the main approaches to alleviate the effects of free radical damage associated with heat stress. Gamma-oryzanol (ORY), a component of rice bran oil, is introduced as a novel antioxidant. As a supplement of culture media for maturation, the effect of ORY on the development of heat-shocked bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes was evaluated in this study. At the end of maturation <i>in vitro</i> using the heat-shock model, a higher proportion of metaphase II oocytes (0.78 ± 0.03 vs 0.42 ± 0.03) and lower metaphase I and germinal vesicle breakdown (0.10 ± 0.02 vs 0.38 ± 0.03) were recorded for the treated group (N = 205) in comparison with the control (N = 203) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Moreover, the treatment exerted upregulation of <i>NRF2</i>, <i>SOD</i>, <i>CAT</i> and <i>GPX</i> transcripts in matured oocytes and GPX in CCs, along with a considerable increase in the cleavage (0.52 ± 0.04 vs 0.33 ± 0.03) and total blastocyst rates (0.30 ± 0.03 vs 0.14 ± 0.02) (<i>P</i> < 0.05). These results showed that ORY increased the mRNA expression of the transcripts associated with antioxidant enzymes and enhanced the developmental potential of heat-shocked bovine oocytes and warranted further studies to explore this antioxidant's influence on improving dairy cattle's reproductive efficiency during heat stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144972015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian structure and oogenesis in King Tiger Pleco, L333, <i>Hypancistrus seideli</i>, (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Amazon region.","authors":"Ivana Kerly da Silva Viana, Iann Leonardo Pinheiro Monteiro, Ryuller Gama Abreu, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja Ferreira, Leandro Melo de Sousa, Rossineide Martins da Rocha","doi":"10.1017/S0967199425100087","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0967199425100087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we describe the ovarian structure and oogenesis up to the final maturation of oocytes of Hypancistrus seideli. A total of sixty females were used for gonadal analysis and subsequently submitted to light and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Four maturation stages were defined: immature, maturing, mature, and spawned. The oocytes were classified into four stages (I–IV), and the presence of atretic oocytes and post-ovulatory follicles was demonstrated. During oocyte development, changes were observed in color, size, and shape, as well as in the formation of the follicular complex. These results may support reproductive management in captivity, since the species has great commercial importance in the international ornamental fish market and lacks established reproductive protocols in aquaculture. To our knowledge, this is the first morphological characterization of oogenesis in this species, providing original and detailed data that may contribute to the development of captive breeding protocols and to reducing pressure on natural stocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of oocyte and sperm parameters on the morphological quality and the aneuploidy status of the ICSI embryos: a mathematical modelling approach.","authors":"Hakan Aytacoglu, David Amilo, Bilgen Kaymakamzade, Evren Hincal, Onder Coban, Pinar Tulay","doi":"10.1017/S0967199425100099","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0967199425100099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, mathematical and computational approaches have been incorporated into ICSI interventions as guiding tools. However, those tools carry no prognostic potential. Improving this capability may enhance ICSI attempts and assist clinicians working in infertility clinics. This study, thus aimed to investigate whether parental parameters could have predictive potential for the quality of resulting embryos with the ICSI approach using mathematical modelling techniques. Patient data including follicle number, MI and MII oocyte numbers, sperm number, sperm morphology and motility for 765 distinct couples attending British Cyprus IVF hospital was collected. Furthermore, morphological quality data as well as aneuploidy status for the 4123 resultant embryos were obtained. Regression analyses were conducted to observe the possible correlations between parental parameters and embryo quality and ploidy. Correlation analyses showed that follicle and oocyte numbers, as well as sperm parameters can be indicative of morphological quality of resulting embryos via ICSI (p values < 0.05). On the other hand, aneuploidy prediction remains too complicated to be predicted solely by these parameters (p values > 0.05). This study indicates a predictive potential of infertility measurements for male and female partners on ICSI success and is expected to act as a basis for the development of prognostic softwares to be used in IVF clinics.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144875514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do serum AMH levels affect the incidence rate of multinucleated embryos in ICSI cycles?","authors":"Sümeyye Mermi, Nafiye Yılmaz, Banu Seven, Mehmet Caner Özer, Özlem Moraloglu Tekin","doi":"10.1017/S0967199425100105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199425100105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A blastomere containing more than one nucleus is defined as a multinucleated blastomere. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels and multinucleated (MLN) embryos, one of the parameters indicating embryo quality, in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. The results of 888 ICSI cycles of patients aged 19-45 years attending an ART (assisted reproductive technology) clinic were retrospectively analysed. Cycles with at least one MLN embryo were defined as the study group (n = 237) and cycles without MLN embryos as the control group (n = 651). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors affecting the dependent qualitative variables. The effect of AMH levels on multinucleation was found to be a significant risk factor (p < 0.001). One unit increase in AMH levels increases the risk of the presence of MLN embryos by 1.12 times. The mean MLN embryos/total embryo ratio in the group with clinical pregnancy was 0.34 ± 0.18, while the mean MLN embryos/total embryo ratio in the group that did not achieve clinical pregnancy was 0.47 ± 0.3 (p = 0.010). The presence of an MLN embryo has been associated with poor embryo development and ART outcomes. Parameters that can predict the formation of MLN embryos before treatment are crucial for the determination of the pregnancy rate. According to our results, serum AMH levels can be used as a predictive marker for the formation of MLN embryos.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive human preimplantation embryos sex determination using STR-based fluorescent multiplex PCR on days 3 and 5 post-fertilization.","authors":"Maryam Zare, Mehdi Totonchi, Hamid Gourabi, Mohammadreza Zamanian, Reza Mohammadi, Sirous Zeinali, Maryam Mohammadi, Poopak Eftekhari-Yazdi","doi":"10.1017/S0967199422000351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0967199422000351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of cell-free DNA (CF-DNA) in the spent cleavage and blastocyst medium versus blastomere biopsy for sex identification using short tandem repeat (STR) markers for the first time. In total, 39 samples of spent culture medium (SCM) from six couples were collected of which 28 samples were CF-DNA from blastocoel fluid + SCM (day 5) and 11 samples from SCM alone (day 3). The frequencies of allele dropout (ADO), fail rate and informativity markers were considered. The relationship between the morphology of embryos and ADO and the fail number of all markers was investigated. Sex identification rate between CF-DNA isolated from culture medium and fluorescence <i>in situ</i> hybridization (FISH) was then compared with measurement of Agreement Kappa (AK). The highest frequency of informative markers belonged to DXS6801 and HPRT. There was no relationship between the ADO number of all markers and embryo morphology. A significant difference was seen between embryo morphology and fail numbers. AK value between CF-DNA isolated from culture medium and FISH was 0.516, which is moderate. The ability of CF-DNA to detect the correct diagnosis of males and females showed that all values of specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 100%. The presence of embryonic CF-DNA in the SCM on day 3 as well as blastocyst medium on day 5 using STR-based multiplex PCR is approximately consistent with FISH for sex identification. Advances in DNA extraction, amplification technique, and testing may allow for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and monogenic/single-gene disorders (PGT-M) as a non-invasive approach without biopsy in the future either in sex determination or chromosomal abnormality.</p>","PeriodicalId":24075,"journal":{"name":"Zygote","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144601754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}