中华预防医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Tetanus antibody levels in healthy people in Henan Province from 2022 to 2023].","authors":"Q Liu, J N Kong, D X Feng, Y H Guo, M H Seng, Y T Tang, Y Y Zhang, D Y Zhao, L Q Diao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241212-01002","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241212-01002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate tetanus antibody levels and distribution characteristics in a healthy population of Henan Province. <b>Methods:</b> A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Henan Province from 2022 to 2023 to investigate the permanent population. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-tetanus toxoid IgG antibody (anti-TT), and the positive rate (≥0.01 IU/ml), protection rate (≥0.1 IU/ml) and concentration differences of tetanus antibodies in different populations were analyzed. <b>Results:</b> The age <i>M</i> (<i>Q</i>₁<i>, Q</i>₃) of 5 494 participants was 14 (4, 40) years old, with a minimum age of 8 months and a maximum age of 81 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.00∶1.18. The total positive rate, protective rate and mean concentration (MC) [<i>M</i> (<i>Q</i>₁<i>, Q</i>₃)] of Anti-TT were 76.48%, 41.72% and 0.067 (0.010, 0.154) IU/ml, respectively. The positive rates of Anti-TT in individuals aged <3, 3-5, 6-9, and 10-14 were 95.32%, 96.05%, 97.81%, and 93.17%, respectively, but gradually decreased with age (<i>χ</i>²_trend=1 283.02, <i>P</i><0.001). The antibody protection rate [82.13% (579/705)] and MC [<i>M</i> (<i>Q</i>₁<i>, Q</i>₃) of 0.160 (0.122, 0.259) IU/ml] in the population under 3 years old were relatively high, and both showed a decreasing trend with age (protection rate: <i>χ</i>²_trend=1 889.49, <i>P</i><0.001; MC: <i>t</i>=-54.22, <i>P</i><0.001). There were significant differences in antibody levels among populations of different ages, regions, occupations, and immunization histories (all <i>P</i><0.001). Within 13 years after the last dose of TTCV vaccination, the positive rate of Anti-TT was all greater than 90%, but the protection rate and MC continued to decrease with the prolongation of vaccination time (protection rate: <i>χ</i>²_trend=160.58, <i>P</i><0.001; MC: <i>t</i>=-14.93, <i>P</i><0.001). After the last dose of vaccination, the protection rate and MC [<i>M</i> (<i>Q</i>₁<i>, Q</i>₃)] decreased to 30.43% and 0.055 (0.036, 0.115) IU/ml, respectively, for 10-13 years. The protection rates of Anti-TT for farmers, workers, people aged 60 and above, and women of childbearing age (20-45 years old) were 7.77%, 22.96%, 8.39%, and 12.72%, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The level of tetanus antibodies in infants and young children in Henan Province is relatively high from 2022 to 2023, but it decreases with age and prolonged post-immunization time. There are significant differences in antibody levels among individuals of different ages, regions, occupations, and immunization histories. Occupational high-risk groups such as farmers and workers, elderly people, and women of childbearing age lack sufficient immunization protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1239-1245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessment of the risk of retinal arteriosclerosis by the triglyceride glucose-WHR index].","authors":"F Wang, D N Chen, J Zhuo, J Cui, Y Li, S H Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250122-00064","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250122-00064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the relationship between Triglyceride Glucose-WHR index and retinal arteriosclerosis. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective longitudinal cohort research method. Using data from the Tongren Health Care Study of Beijing Tongren Hospital from March 2014 to June 2020. The TyG-WHR index was calculated, the restricted cubic spine regression model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between TyG-WHR index and the risk of retinal arteriosclerosis. Cox proportional regression model was implemented to estimate the impact on the risk of retinal arteriosclerosis associated with the different TyG-WHR groups. Receiver operating characteristic were used to explore the value of triglyceride glucose-WHR index for the risk of retinal arteriosclerosis. <b>Results:</b> A total of 8 215 subjects were included, including 3 334 (40.58%) males, 4 881 (59.42%) females;7 689 cases had normal fundus, 296 cases had newly developed retinal arteriosclerosis, and 230 cases had retinal arteriosclerosis. The median age is 45 years old, and the average age is (47.63±13.89) years old. The cumulative incidence rate of new retinal arteriosclerosis was 3.71%(296/7 985), and the cumulative incidence rate of women (3.31%,158/4 767) was lower than that of men (4.29%, 138/3 218) (<i>χ</i>²=5.105, <i>P</i><0.001); The cumulative incidence rate of new retinal arteriosclerosis increased with age (<i>χ</i>²=365.133,<i>P</i><0.001); The TyG-WHR index was divided into four groups according to the interquartile range, and the <i>Q</i>₂-<i>Q</i>₄ group had an increased risk of developing new retinal arteriosclerosis compared to <i>Q</i>₁ (<i>χ</i>²=132.887,<i>P</i><0.001).In the restricted cubic spine regression model, the results showed a non-linear dose-response relationship (<i>χ</i>²=54.27,<i>P</i><0.001) between baseline TyG-WHR index and the new-onset of retinal arteriosclerosis. By the multivariate Cox Regression models, three models were constructed in this study. TyG-WHR index was positively correlated with the risk of retinal arteriosclerosis: the <i>HR</i> (95%<i>CI</i>) of model 1-3 was 1.534,1.517 and 1.502.The AUC curve analysis verified that the prediction AUC of the TyG-WHR index for new-onset retinal arteriosclerosis was 0.755, the best prediction value was 7.343, the sensitivity was 90.2%, and the specificity was 75.60%. <b>Conclusion:</b> TyG-WHR index may be an independent risk factor for new-onset retinal arteriosclerosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1246-1253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The application status, challenges and prospects of artificial intelligence in communicable diseases prevention and control of health facilities in China].","authors":"W J Zhao, H L Ma, W S Hu, Y F Gao, J Li, Z H Li, X Y Liu, Y Bing, Y H Hu, C D Xu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250418-00329","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250418-00329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the progress and application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the prevention and control of infectious diseases within Chinese healthcare institutions. It analyzes the difficulties and challenges encountered during implementation to promote the intelligent transformation and upgrading of infectious disease prevention and control. The results indicate that AI technology has made progress in areas such as infectious disease surveillance and early warning, risk assessment and emergency response, screening and detection, image-based diagnosis and analysis, and health management. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain, including limited application depth and breadth, issues with data quality and privacy protection, insufficient technological maturity and interpretability, potential legal risks, and a shortage of interdisciplinary professionals. To advance the application of AI technology in infectious disease prevention and control and support the modernization of China's relevant systems, recommendations include strengthening policy support, establishing data standards and robust privacy protection mechanisms, increasing R&D investment, refining laws and regulations, and enhancing the training of interdisciplinary talent.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1328-1339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of pathogenic features of mucoid <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> infection in children].","authors":"J L Liu, M Deng, C R Song, M Fu, Y Liu, C Z Huang, M Kuang, X M Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250331-00260","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250331-00260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whole-genome sequencing, serotype typing, MLST typing, population genetic structure analysis, and core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) analysis were performed on 23 strains of mucoid <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> collected from the Laboratory Center of Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022. Drug susceptibility tests were conducted using the automated microbial identification and susceptibility analysis system AF-600, and virulence genes and drug resistance genes were analyzed based on the whole-genome sequences. Based on the serotype typing of whole-genome sequencing, all 23 strains were <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> type b (Hib). MLST analysis revealed that the 23 strains belonged to six ST types, among which 10 strains (43.5%) were ST386, 5 strains (21.7%) were ST18, and 2 strains (8.7%) were the newly discovered ST2887. Bayesian population structure analysis (BAPS) showed three distinct populations. The results of the virulence gene analysis showed that the carriage rates of genes encoding capsule-related proteins and those associated with bacterial immune regulation and inflammatory signaling pathways were all 100%. However, the <i>ompP5 g</i>ene related to bacterial adhesion, and the <i>hgpC</i> and <i>hxuA</i> genes related to bacterial protein metabolism were all present in the newly discovered ST2887. The <i>in vitro</i> drug susceptibility test results of 23 strains of mucoid Hib showed that the resistance rates to ampicillin, cefuroxime, and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 13.0%(3 strains), 13.0%(3 strains), and 87.0%(20 strains), respectively. They were sensitive to other beta-lactam drugs. All the 23 strains of mucoid <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> infected children were Hib, and the main ST types were ST386 and ST18. It is very important to advocate Hib vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1287-1293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The design of emulated target trials and the application in evaluating vaccine effectiveness].","authors":"L S Ma, L Huang, J Liu, M W Wei, J X Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240828-00688","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240828-00688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Randomized controlled trials have long been regarded as the gold standard for evaluating vaccine efficacy. However, conducting randomized controlled trials to assess vaccines in real-world settings is often impractical due to limitations in research resources and ethical considerations. In recent years, the emulated target trial has emerged as a novel methodological framework that applies the design principles of randomized trials to observational studies. By using observational data to emulate the randomization and treatment assignment of a clinical trial, this approach enables the evaluation of vaccine effectiveness in the real world. The application of emulated target trials enhances the quality and applicability of real-world evidence. This article explains the fundamental principles, design elements, advantages, and limitations of using emulated target trials to evaluate vaccine effectiveness, providing methodological guidance for conducting such studies in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1196-1202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Construction and application of the evaluation system for the risk of measles transmission in Henan Province].","authors":"B H Du, X X Zhang, D X Feng, W H Wang, M Y Zhang, Z P Xiao, Y Y Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250401-00270","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20250401-00270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To construct a risk assessment system for measles transmission in Henan Province and scientifically evaluate the risk levels of measles transmission in each city in Henan Province. <b>Methods:</b> The modified Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert consultations to construct a risk assessment system for measles transmission. Data from all 191 cities, counties and districts in Henan Province were collected. The internal consistency (Cronbach's <i>α</i>), content validity (content validity index, CVI) and structural validity (factor analysis) of the indicator system were evaluated to optimize the assessment framework. The indicator assignment method was adopted, and the comprehensive risk scores were obtained by adding the scores according to different weights. <b>Results:</b> Both rounds of consultation witnessed a 100% participation rate among all experts. The authority coefficients of experts in the two rounds were 0.920 and 0.925, and concordance coefficients were 0.201 (<i>χ²</i>=161.11, <i>P<</i>0.001) and 0.210 (<i>χ²</i>=163.80, <i>P<</i>0.001). The constructed assessment system comprised four dimensions-population immunity levels, surveillance quality, importation risk, and technical reserve of emergency response capacities-with a total of 30 indicators. Reliability analysis of the assessment system showed an overall Cronbach's <i>α</i> of 0.741. Validity analysis revealed that all content validity indices reached 1.000, with principal factors cumulatively accounting for 67.625% of the variance, and all factor loadings exceeded 0.400. The measles transmission risk assessment in Henan Province using this assessment system identified Zhengzhou (92), Xinxiang (91), Xinyang (89), and Pingdingshan (73) as high-risk regions. <b>Conclusion:</b> The risk assessment system developed in this study demonstrates good reliability and validity, effectively reflecting measles transmission risks across Henan Province. The findings highlight the need to strengthen surveillance and control measures in high-risk areas, particularly in Zhengzhou.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1279-1286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of HBV resistance mutations in treatment of chronic hepatitis B with entecavir and lamivudine].","authors":"L Wang, B Li, J Liu, W W Yuan, Y Tang, C H M Wang, J J Lu, B S Guan, B A Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241214-01006","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241214-01006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze Hepatitis B virus(HBV)drug resistance mutations in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)infection who have undergone long-term monotherapy with Entecavir(ETV)and those receiving combination therapy with ETV and Lamivudine(LAM), and to explore the related factors affecting HBV drug resistance mutations. <b>Methods:</b> The study retrospectively analyzed patients with CHB, compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and liver cancer who received long-term nucleotide analogue antiviral therapy at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from August 2012 to August 2019.The patients were divided into an ETV monotherapy group and a combined LAM+ETV therapy group.Chi-square tests, independent sample <i>t</i>-tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare the clinical baseline characteristics and HBV drug resistance mutation features between the two therapy groups.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to HBV drug resistance mutations. <b>Results:</b> A total of 533 patients were enrolled in this study, 357 in the ETV monotherapy group and 176 in the LAM+ETV group. The ETV monotherapy group had 122 (34.17%) patients with resistance mutations, while the LAM+ETV group had 126 (71.59%).In general, the difference in gene mutation rate between the two therapy groups was statistically significant(<i>χ</i>²=66.337, <i>P</i><0.001). The median age and alanine aminotransferase levels of patients with drug resistance mutations in the two therapy groups were higher than those in the non-mutation group[(<i>t</i>=-4.743, <i>P</i><0.001)/(<i>Z</i>=-4.809, <i>P</i><0.001), (<i>Z</i>=-2.667, <i>P</i>=0.007)/(<i>Z</i>=-2.001, <i>P</i>=0.045)].Age(<i>OR</i>=1.044, 95%<i>CI</i>:1.023-1.066), compensated cirrhosis(<i>OR</i>=2.163, 95%<i>CI</i>:1.193-3.922), liver cancer(<i>OR</i>=4.017, 95%<i>CI</i>:2.170-7.436) and the treatment regimen(<i>OR</i>=6.075, 95%<i>CI</i>:3.889-9.489) were associated with drug resistance gene mutations(<i>P</i><0.001).The mutation rates in different stages of chronic liver disease(CHB, cirrhosis, and liver cancer)showed statistically significant(<i>χ</i>²=41.038, <i>P</i><0.001;<i>χ</i>²=15.894, <i>P</i><0.001).The overall mutation rates of ETV-related genes in the two therapy groups were 25.49% and 32.39%, respectively.Additionally, 10 mutation sites and 38 variant combinations were identified, containing five common combinations being rtL180M, rtM204V, rtS202G;rtL180M, rtM204V, rtT184A; rtL180M, rtM204V, rtT184L;rtM204I and rtL180M, rtM204V. <b>Conclusion:</b> In CHB patients undergoing long-term therapy, the rate of HBV resistance mutations is higher in those receiving ETV and LAM combination therapy than in those receiving ETV monotherapy.Monitoring older patients and those with cirrhosis or liver cancer is especially important for preventing resistance mutations.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1209-1216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association of cadmium internal exposure levels with blood lipid in adults aged 18 to 79 years in China].","authors":"H C Song, S S Ji, Z Li, Y W Li, F Zhao, Y L Qu, Y F Lu, Y Y Han, J X Liu, J Y Cai, T Qiu, W L Zhang, X Lin, J F Cai, Y B Lyu, X M Shi","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241016-00819","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241016-00819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To explore the association of blood and urinary cadmium levels with lipid profile levels and dyslipidemia in Chinese adults aged 18 to 79 years. <b>Methods:</b> Based on the China National Human Biomonitoring (CNHBM) program, a cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2017 to 2018 using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method, including a total of 10 713 adults aged 18 to 79 years. Data was obtained through questionnaires, physical examinations, biological sample collection, and laboratory testing. Multiple linear mixed effect model (MLMM) and generalized linear mixed effect model (GLMM) were used to analyze the association of blood and creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels with lipid profile levels as well as dyslipidemia among adults. <b>Results:</b> The age of 10 713 participants was (47.23±0.24) years, with 5 372 males accounting for 61.3% of the national population. The weighted mean±standard error (SE) of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was (5.21±0.03), (1.86±0.03), (2.96±0.03), and (1.43±0.01) mmol/L, respectively. The prevalence rate of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia, low HDL-C, and high LDL-C was 16.0%, 21.6%, 6.6%, 13.5%, and 10.0%, respectively. MLMM showed that, after adjusting for relevant confounders, log-transformed blood cadmium levels were positively associated with increased levels of TC, TG and LDL-C (<i>P</i><0.05). When blood cadmium levels were categorized into quartiles, compared to the lowest exposure group (<i>Q</i>₁), participants in the highest blood cadmium exposure group (<i>Q</i>₄) had increases of 0.19 (95%<i>CI</i>: 0.06, 0.32) mmol/L in TC and 0.25 (95%<i>CI</i>: 0.08, 0.43) mmol/L in TG. GLMM indicated that, after adjusting for confounders, higher blood cadmium exposure levels were associated with increased risks of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia, and high LDL-C (<i>P</i><0.05). Further analysis by quartiles showed that, compared to the blood cadmium <i>Q</i>₁ exposure group, the OR value (95%<i>CI</i>) for the <i>Q</i>₄ group was 1.53 (1.12, 2.08) for hypercholesterolemia, 1.54 (1.09, 2.17) for hypertriglyceridemia, 2.24 (1.47, 3.40) for mixed hyperlipidemia, and 1.49 (1.07, 2.09) for high LDL-C. <b>Conclusion:</b> The cadmium internal exposure levels are associated with blood lipid profile levels as well as the incidence of dyslipidemia in Chinese adults aged 18 to 79.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1254-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A case of severe RSV pneumonia in children and literature review].","authors":"D Xu, Y J Huang, X P Luo, S N Shu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240809-00641","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20240809-00641","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infants and young children, which can lead to severe pneumonia and even death. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for reducing complications and sequelae and improving prognosis. This study presents the complete diagonsis and treatment process of a typical severe RSV pneumonia patient. For high-risk children, the condition can progress rapidly after RSV infection, and may present with respiratory failure and multiple extrapulmonary complications, such as heart failure, liver and kidney function impairment, coagulation dysfunction. After active symptomatic and supportive treatment, the prognosis is generally good. RSV infection will not lead to long-lasting immunity, but as the child grows older and their immune function gradually improves, the condition of a secondary infection is generally relatively mild. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs or safe and effective vaccines for RSV. Long-acting monoclonal antibodies are one of the effective means to prevent RSV infection in infants and young children and have been approved for use in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1344-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The historical status, experience and enlightenment of variolation in ancient China].","authors":"L Y Guan, S J Gu, C X Fu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241217-01018","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20241217-01018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ancient Chinese variolation represents the world's earliest practice of disease prevention through vaccination. Its theoretical foundation lies in the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hypothesis of smallpox pathogenesis, which posits that \"external pathogens trigger fetal toxins.\" Through the lens of modern vaccinology, this paper analyzes the scientific rationale of this traditional immunization method. Key aspects examined include the use of pox scabs as vaccines, nasal inoculation, passage attenuation for vaccine preparation, and TCM's understanding of smallpox pathogenesis. The paper also addresses the historical limitations of variolation, including uncontrollable viral activity and load, safety risks posed by strong immune responses that could occur, and insufficient vaccination accessibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":24033,"journal":{"name":"中华预防医学杂志","volume":"59 8","pages":"1320-1327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144883895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}