中华肝脏病杂志最新文献

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[Construction norms for the tiered diagnosis and treatment and standardized management center of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease]. 【代谢性脂肪肝分级诊疗规范化管理中心建设规范】。
中华肝脏病杂志 Pub Date : 2026-06-20 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260129-00048
{"title":"[Construction norms for the tiered diagnosis and treatment and standardized management center of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260129-00048","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260129-00048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This guideline aims to provide systematic guidance for establishing \"Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) Tiered Diagnosis, Treatment, and Standardized Management Centers\" at various levels of medical institutions. Faced with the severe challenges of high prevalence and low diagnosis and treatment rates for this disease, the guidelines clarify the background, necessity, tiered setting standards, multidisciplinary collaboration models, and clinical diagnosis and treatment pathways for center construction. The core is to establish a standardized management framework and integrate multidisciplinary resources to achieve standardized management of the entire process, from screening, diagnosis, and treatment to long-term follow-up, thereby improving the overall prevention and control level in China and building a chronic disease prevention and control network and data platform for MAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":"34 6","pages":"538-553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Analyzing research advances in single-cell sequencing technology for immunopathological mechanisms in acute-on-chronic liver failure]. [分析急性-慢性肝衰竭免疫病理机制单细胞测序技术的研究进展]。
中华肝脏病杂志 Pub Date : 2026-06-20 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20250715-00277
S X Zang, C J Cui, J Cui, Y L Zhang, N Fu, Y M Nan
{"title":"[Analyzing research advances in single-cell sequencing technology for immunopathological mechanisms in acute-on-chronic liver failure].","authors":"S X Zang, C J Cui, J Cui, Y L Zhang, N Fu, Y M Nan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20250715-00277","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20250715-00277","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute deterioration of liver function on the basis of chronic liver disease, primarily manifested as liver and/or extrahepatic organ failure. Due to its rapid progression and poor prognosis, ACLF poses a serious threat to the patient's life. The pathogenesis process of ACLF is extremely complex, with overactivation and dysregulation of the immune system playing key roles in disease development. The high heterogeneity and complexity of immune cells have limited systematic understanding of the disease mechanisms and hindered the development of new therapies. The rise of single-cell sequencing technology has enabled the exploration of gene expression profiles at the single-cell level with high resolution, offering significant application value in analyzing the immune microenvironment and pathogenesis of ACLF, thereby helping to promote the exploration and development of new treatment methods. This review summarizes recent key advances in the application of single-cell sequencing technology in ACLF research, providing a theoretical basis for clarifying the pathogenesis and developing novel targeted treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":"34 6","pages":"589-594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Clinical strategies and indication expansion of interventional ultrasonography ablative therapy for hepatic tumors]. 肝肿瘤介入超声消融治疗的临床策略及适应证扩展
中华肝脏病杂志 Pub Date : 2026-06-20 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260403-00138
Y G Liang, H Y Wang, Q Y Zhao, T A Jiang
{"title":"[Clinical strategies and indication expansion of interventional ultrasonography ablative therapy for hepatic tumors].","authors":"Y G Liang, H Y Wang, Q Y Zhao, T A Jiang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260403-00138","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260403-00138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermal ablation has become an important treatment option for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma with the development of interventional ultrasound technology. However, in the treatment of medium-to-large-volume tumors, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and high-risk anatomical sites, it still faces clinical bottlenecks such as high recurrence rates and difficulties with margin control. This article discusses current clinical difficulties and explores indication expansion and coping strategies for various ablation techniques. The \"no touch\" strategies of radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation have shown an overall survival period that is comparable to that of surgery for medium or multiple tumors that are 3 to 5 cm in size. Microwave ablation and repeated surgical resection that meets the Milan criteria have similar overall and disease-free survival rates in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Non-thermal ablation techniques such as irreversible electroporation offer safe alternatives for refractory lesions adjacent to large blood vessels or bile ducts due to their characteristics of no heat-sink effect and preservation of collagen scaffolds. Image fusion navigation and synergistic \"ablation plus immunotherapy\" may be key directions for overcoming local control bottlenecks and improving long-term prognosis in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":"34 6","pages":"534-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Natural history and risk factors of metabolic associated fatty liver disease in Chinese cohorts]. [中国人群代谢性脂肪性肝病的自然病史和危险因素]。
中华肝脏病杂志 Pub Date : 2026-06-20 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260114-00028
J Zhang, R X Zhan, Y Wang, Y M Nan
{"title":"[Natural history and risk factors of metabolic associated fatty liver disease in Chinese cohorts].","authors":"J Zhang, R X Zhan, Y Wang, Y M Nan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260114-00028","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260114-00028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in China, yet a comprehensive review of the natural history of disease progression and its risk factors is still lacking. This review evaluates integrated natural history characteristics and key risk factors from Chinese cohort studies of MAFLD. In the MAFLD cohorts, the incidence rate of liver fibrosis progression was 19.2%-38.4% over 3-6 years. The hepatocellular carcinoma incidence rate was 0-2.7% over 6-11 years. The all-cause mortality rate was 2.0%-12.0% over 4.6-10 years. Diabetes and abnormal blood glucose were strong predictors of disease progression, and overweight and obesity, hypertension, and age were other risk factors. The article suggests that MAFLD can progress rapidly in certain Chinese cohorts, with multiple risk factors driving the course of the disease. Future large-scale prospective studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms and optimize intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":"34 6","pages":"595-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Dietary serine supplementation inhibits the hepatic macrophage AKT/mTOR pathway and improves primary biliary cholangitis]. [饲粮添加丝氨酸抑制肝巨噬细胞AKT/mTOR通路,改善原发性胆管炎]。
中华肝脏病杂志 Pub Date : 2026-06-20 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20250816-00336
Y Ran, W Yuan, H Jia, X Y Wang, R Y Liu, J W Li, Z Z Han, M Shen, H Yang, S R Wang, B M Wang, L Zhou
{"title":"[Dietary serine supplementation inhibits the hepatic macrophage AKT/mTOR pathway and improves primary biliary cholangitis].","authors":"Y Ran, W Yuan, H Jia, X Y Wang, R Y Liu, J W Li, Z Z Han, M Shen, H Yang, S R Wang, B M Wang, L Zhou","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20250816-00336","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20250816-00336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the correlation between serum serine levels and the degree of severity of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) so as to elucidate the protective effect and molecular mechanism of serine supplementation in cholestatic liver disease. <b>Methods:</b> Serum serine levels were measured in 62 cases with PBC patients diagnosed at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2021 to June 2023, and their correlation with serological indicators and liver pathological scores was analyzed. A C57BL/6J mouse model of cholestatic liver injury was established by inducing a 0.1% dimethylnitrosamine (DDC) diet. Serum biochemical indicators, hepatic inflammatory factor mRNA expression, liver histopathological changes, macrophage M1 polarization marker (CD86), and protein expression in the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (AKT/mTOR) pathway were intervened through dietary serine supplementation. <i>In vitro</i> experiments were conducted by stimulating RAW264.7 macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to observe the effects of serine on inflammatory factors, M1 polarization, and the AKT/mTOR pathway. Intergroup comparisons for measurement data were performed using independent sample t-tests or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Correlations between serum serine levels and the above serological indicators and liver pathological scores were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman methods. <b>Results:</b> Serum serine levels were significantly negatively correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-glutamyltransferase), total bilirubin, immunoglobulin G, and liver pathological scores in patients with PBC (<i>P</i><0.05). Dietary serine supplementation significantly improved cholestasis in DDC mice, inhibited the expression of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 mRNA (<i>P</i><0.05), reduced portal inflammatory infiltration, and decreased CD86⁺M1 macrophage infiltration and p-AKT/p-mTOR co-localization (<i>P</i><0.05). In vitro experiments showed that serine intervention inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage M1 polarization and inflammatory cytokine expression and downregulated p-AKT/p-mTOR protein expression (<i>P</i><0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> Reduced serum serine levels are associated with the degree of severity of PBC. Dietary serine supplementation can inhibit the hepatic macrophage AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and block M1 polarization and inflammatory responses, thereby improving cholestatic liver injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":"34 6","pages":"571-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148353780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Efficacy and safety profile of magnesium isoglycyrrhizate in patients with a ≤3 fold- elevation of the upper limit of normal transaminases: a multicenter, real-world retrospective study]. [异甘草酸镁对正常转氨酶上限升高≤3倍患者的疗效和安全性:一项多中心、真实世界的回顾性研究]。
中华肝脏病杂志 Pub Date : 2026-05-20 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20250610-00229
L G Liu, J Yu, Z Z Li, L R Li, W Xie
{"title":"[Efficacy and safety profile of magnesium isoglycyrrhizate in patients with a ≤3 fold- elevation of the upper limit of normal transaminases: a multicenter, real-world retrospective study].","authors":"L G Liu, J Yu, Z Z Li, L R Li, W Xie","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20250610-00229","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20250610-00229","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; The clinical efficacy of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) injection in patients with abnormal transaminase levels ≤3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) was retrospectively study based on a real-world design. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Data were collected from January 2016 to May 2024 at three research centers (The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, and Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University) from patients with abnormal transaminase ≤3 times the ULN and assigned according to the treatment regimen into a monotherapy group (including MgIG and other conventional hepatoprotective drugs) and a control group (no hepatoprotective drugs were used). Baseline matching was performed. Efficacy was evaluated by changes in three biochemical indicator conditions: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBil) after seven days of treatment. The independent samples &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to analyze the comparison of continuous data between intergroups. The &lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare inter-group categorical variables. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 501 cases were included, with a median age of 60 years. Males accounted for 69.9%. Cancer patients accounted for 72.5%. The baseline matching resulted in a 1∶1 group assignment. The results showed, following seven days of treatment: (1) Magnitude of reduction: ALT and TBil were significantly lower in the other conventional hepatoprotective drug groups than in the control group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05), while ALT, AST, and TBil were significantly lower in the MgIG group than in the control group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). The reduction in ALT and AST was significantly higher in the MgIG group than in the other conventional hepatoprotective drug groups (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). (2) Normalization rate response: The normalization rate of TBil was lower in other conventional hepatoprotective drug groups than that in the blank group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05), while the normalization rate of AST was significantly higher in the MgIG group than that in the blank group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05), and the normalization rates of ALT, AST, and TBil were all significantly higher in the MgIG group than those in other conventional hepatoprotective drug groups (58.7% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 40.0%, 74.7% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 49.3%, and 66.7% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 50.7%, respectively, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05). (3) Proportion of patients with a &gt;50% decrease in the three indicators from baseline: There was no statistically significant difference between the other conventional hepatoprotective drug groups and the control group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&gt;0.05), while the MgIG group had significantly higher ALT and AST levels than the control group and other conventional hepatoprotective drug groups (ALT: 45.9% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 31.1%, 53.3% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 38.5%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.05; AST: 50.0% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 24.0%, 54.7% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 30.0%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.001). (4) Safety profile asse","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":"34 5","pages":"467-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13223769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[A case of acetaminophen-induced cholestatic liver injury accompanying severe hypercholesterolemia in children]. [对乙酰氨基酚致胆汁淤积性肝损伤伴严重高胆固醇血症1例]。
中华肝脏病杂志 Pub Date : 2026-05-20 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20251013-00433
L Chen, X Y Gao, X Y Liu, Y L Shao
{"title":"[A case of acetaminophen-induced cholestatic liver injury accompanying severe hypercholesterolemia in children].","authors":"L Chen, X Y Gao, X Y Liu, Y L Shao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20251013-00433","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20251013-00433","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":"34 5","pages":"482-485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13223763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Excerpt from the 2025 EASL practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma]. [摘自2025年EASL肝外胆管癌诊疗实践指南]。
中华肝脏病杂志 Pub Date : 2026-05-20 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20251122-00505
Y W Shang, G H Han
{"title":"[Excerpt from the 2025 EASL practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma].","authors":"Y W Shang, G H Han","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20251122-00505","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20251122-00505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, significant progress has been made in the imaging, molecular characterization, and systemic treatment of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). However, early-stage detection, accurate classification, and effective management of CCA possess challenges. Therefore, the EASL commissioned an expert panel to draft evidence-based recommendations on account of recent research advances and significant differences in CCA subtypes for the management of extrahepatic CCA, including distal and perihilar CCA, with particular attention to the integration of emerging molecular concepts and practical strategies that reflect an accurate classification system needed in real-world clinical situations for the diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":"34 5","pages":"438-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13223768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Research progress on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy]. 肝硬化心肌病发病机制及临床治疗研究进展
中华肝脏病杂志 Pub Date : 2026-05-20 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20251013-00431
K Y Wang, L Liu
{"title":"[Research progress on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy].","authors":"K Y Wang, L Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20251013-00431","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20251013-00431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver cirrhosis is often accompanied by cardiovascular lesions, including hyperdynamic circulatory states and myocardial lesions. The hyperdynamic circulatory state manifests as increased cardiac output, peripheral vasodilation, and decreased mean blood pressure. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy involves impaired cardiac systolic and/or diastolic function, ventricular cavity enlargement or ventricular hypertrophy, and electrophysiological abnormalities. The pathogenesis of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy remains unclear, but gases such as nitric oxide, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress systems, apoptotic factors, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, endocannabinoid systems, and ion channels all play a role. The treatment of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy is primarily limited to animal studies; however, albumin has clinical therapeutic effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":"34 5","pages":"494-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13223771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Key epidemiological data and recommended prevention and control measures for primary liver cancer]. 【原发性肝癌关键流行病学资料及推荐防控措施】。
中华肝脏病杂志 Pub Date : 2026-05-20 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260113-00023
G W Cao
{"title":"[Key epidemiological data and recommended prevention and control measures for primary liver cancer].","authors":"G W Cao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260113-00023","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20260113-00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary liver cancer (PLC) accounted for 865,000 new cases worldwide in 2022, ranking sixth among all malignant tumors in terms of incidence, and 758,000 deaths, ranking third in mortality. The age-standardized 5-year survival rate for PLC in China has remained between 9.8% and 12.1%. Unlike other malignant tumors in China, the age-adjusted mortality rate of PLC in the middle-aged population (40-65 years) has consistently been higher than that in the elderly population aged 65 and above. Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounted for 79.2% of PLC incidence and 78.8% of PLC mortality, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.3:1. The HCC incidence and mortality accounted for 45.2% and 44.6% of the world's totals, respectively, in China. There are three main categories of preventable risk factors for HCC: chronic persistent infections [hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus, and Clonorchis sinensis), metabolic factors (fatty liver disease, obesity, and type II diabetes), and behavioral/toxic factors (excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and aflatoxin B1).The population attributable fraction (PAF) of these three categories of nine controllable risk factors for global HCC was 78.4%. Among them, HBV contributed the most to HCC etiology worldwide, with a PAF of 57.1%. HBV is the most important cause of all HCC in China, with HBV-positivity accounting for 84.4% and the PAF being 76.1%. Metabolic factors among the three major risk factors are growing steadily worldwide. Theoretically, functional cure of HBV, prevention and treatment of related chronic infections, reduction of metabolic diseases through aerobic exercise and dietary management, and control of tobacco, alcohol, and toxin exposure could prevent 78.4% of global HCC occurrence. Defining high-risk populations using indicators such as liver function and cirrhosis status, along with HCC screening and proactive prevention, offers a suitable input and output ratio for implementing primary prevention based on HBV replication and evolution. Models based on serum alpha-fetoprotein-3 and prothrombin can effectively enable secondary prevention through HCC screening, diagnosis, and treatment, improving patient survival rates at early stages. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy can downstage the disease, creating opportunities for surgical resection to achieve tertiary prevention for intermediate-to-advanced-stage HCC. Comprehensive management is required, with a focus on intervening and controlling the nine major risk factors to prevent PLC occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":"34 5","pages":"409-416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13223766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148057087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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