ACS PhotonicsPub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0210910.1021/acsphotonics.4c02109
Simone Bianconi, Vinod K. Sangwan, Sonal V. Rangnekar, Jacob Rabinowitz, Chang-Mo Kang, Linda M. Guiney, Mark C. Hersam* and Hooman Mohseni*,
{"title":"Video-Rate Infrared Focal Plane Array Based on Solution-Processed Black Phosphorus Films","authors":"Simone Bianconi, Vinod K. Sangwan, Sonal V. Rangnekar, Jacob Rabinowitz, Chang-Mo Kang, Linda M. Guiney, Mark C. Hersam* and Hooman Mohseni*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0210910.1021/acsphotonics.4c02109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02109https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02109","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Silicon-based complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor integrated circuits have enabled compact and inexpensive high-resolution cameras by efficiently reading the outputs from millions of pixels. For infrared cameras, however, the limited optical absorption of silicon requires the integration of an additional photosensitive material, which is patterned into a focal plane array of pixels and bonded with silicon integrated circuits, adding to the cost and complexity of the imagers. Here, we report an infrared focal plane array based on the direct transfer of a solution-processed black phosphorus film, with photosensitivity extending to mid-infrared wavelengths greater than 3 μm. This approach features a high fabrication yield (>90%) while avoiding expensive flip-chip bonding processes, paving the way for economical mid-infrared imagers. We characterized more than 70,000 functional pixels, which exhibit fast response times (<10 ms) and noise-equivalent irradiances below 10<sup>–5</sup> and 10<sup>–4</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup> at 2 and 3.4 μm wavelengths, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"12 3","pages":"1507–1514 1507–1514"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exciton–Polariton Valley Hall Effect in Monolayer Semiconductors on Plasmonic Metasurface","authors":"Chien-Ju Lee, Hsin-Che Pan, Fatemeh HadavandMirzaee, Li-Syuan Lu, Fei Cheng, Tsing-Hua Her, Chih-Kang Shih and Wen-Hao Chang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0155410.1021/acsphotonics.4c01554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01554https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01554","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess the valley degree of freedom (DOF), which is regarded as a pseudospin (in addition to charge and spin DOF) and can be addressed optically by using polarized light. Incorporating monolayer TMDs into an optical microcavity in the strong coupling regime further enables the formation of valley polaritons that are half-light and half-matter quasiparticles with addressable spin and momentum through the spin–orbit interactions of light, in analogy with the spin-Hall effect in electronic systems. By placing monolayer TMDs on a plasmonic metasurface to enable strong coupling between excitons and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), we report here the observation of valley resolved polaritons in momentum space and a large separation in real space. The directional coupling of valley polaritons originated from the intrinsic spin-momentum locking associated with SPPs, resembling a photonic version of the valley Hall effect for polaritons. The spatially routed valley polaritons provide a unique pathway for transporting and detecting the valley DOF through circular polarization of light for valleytronic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"12 3","pages":"1351–1358 1351–1358"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS PhotonicsPub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0221210.1021/acsphotonics.4c02212
Yang Gao, Lin Wang, Wenting Jiao, Xinyu Huang, Lei Zhang*, Yue Hong, Haitao Wang, Hongli Zhu, Kun Yin* and Hui Yu*,
{"title":"Optical Multimode Tensor Processor on TFLN Platform","authors":"Yang Gao, Lin Wang, Wenting Jiao, Xinyu Huang, Lei Zhang*, Yue Hong, Haitao Wang, Hongli Zhu, Kun Yin* and Hui Yu*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0221210.1021/acsphotonics.4c02212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02212https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02212","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Optical processors have sparked extensive research interest as candidates for post-Moore era computing hardware. Leveraging its wide bandwidth, optical computing can significantly accelerate computational speed. Moreover, it can exploit multiple multiplexing dimensions, such as time and wavelength, for multichannel parallel computing. Modes, theoretically infinitely multiplexed dimensions, hold promise for significantly increasing channel capacity in optical computing. However, research in this domain remains limited at present. Here, we have designed and fabricated a parallel convolution processor based on a multimode core on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) platform. Utilizing multimode multiplexing and multimode computing cores, we achieved parallel convolution computation across four channels, demonstrating the effect of image convolution. Additionally, we trained the model using the open-source Fashion-MNIST training data set, showcasing an overall accuracy of 91.5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"12 3","pages":"1561–1569 1561–1569"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS PhotonicsPub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0244710.1021/acsphotonics.4c02447
Zhengshun Lei, Weiqiang Xie*, Wenqi Wei, Zihao Wang, Ting Wang, Chao Xiang, Jianjun Zhang and Yikai Su,
{"title":"Efficient Broadband Wavelength Conversion in AlGaAsOI Nonlinear Nanowaveguides Using Low-Power Continuous-Wave Pump","authors":"Zhengshun Lei, Weiqiang Xie*, Wenqi Wei, Zihao Wang, Ting Wang, Chao Xiang, Jianjun Zhang and Yikai Su, ","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0244710.1021/acsphotonics.4c02447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02447https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02447","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nonlinear wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing (FWM) is a key function for optical signal processing in photonic integrated systems. Although various integrated waveguide platforms have been proposed for on-chip wavelength converters, it remains a great challenge to realize efficient broadband wavelength conversion using a low-power pump due to the lack of sufficient nonlinear gain in waveguides. To address this challenge, we develop centimeter-scale long, low-loss, spiral nanowaveguides on a highly nonlinear AlGaAs-on-insulator (AlGaAsOI) platform. Through dedicated waveguide dispersion engineering, we demonstrate a broadband wavelength conversion with a 3-dB bandwidth over 130 nm at the telecom bands and a flat conversion efficiency over −10 dB in the whole band, using a single continuous-wave low-power pump of ∼18 dBm. A theoretical analysis not only shows excellent agreement with our experimental results but also reveals a viable route for further performance improvement by reducing the propagation loss and/or tailoring the dimension of waveguides. The demonstrated high-performance wavelength converters provide a practical solution for compact and power-efficient wavelength conversion in optical signal processing. Furthermore, our work highlights the great potential of highly nonlinear AlGaAsOI nanowaveguides in chip-scale <i>χ</i><sup>(3)</sup>-based nonlinear applications with ultrahigh performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"12 3","pages":"1619–1627 1619–1627"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS PhotonicsPub Date : 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02109
Simone Bianconi, Vinod K. Sangwan, Sonal V. Rangnekar, Jacob Rabinowitz, Chang-Mo Kang, Linda M. Guiney, Mark C. Hersam, Hooman Mohseni
{"title":"Video-Rate Infrared Focal Plane Array Based on Solution-Processed Black Phosphorus Films","authors":"Simone Bianconi, Vinod K. Sangwan, Sonal V. Rangnekar, Jacob Rabinowitz, Chang-Mo Kang, Linda M. Guiney, Mark C. Hersam, Hooman Mohseni","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02109","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon-based complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor integrated circuits have enabled compact and inexpensive high-resolution cameras by efficiently reading the outputs from millions of pixels. For infrared cameras, however, the limited optical absorption of silicon requires the integration of an additional photosensitive material, which is patterned into a focal plane array of pixels and bonded with silicon integrated circuits, adding to the cost and complexity of the imagers. Here, we report an infrared focal plane array based on the direct transfer of a solution-processed black phosphorus film, with photosensitivity extending to mid-infrared wavelengths greater than 3 μm. This approach features a high fabrication yield (>90%) while avoiding expensive flip-chip bonding processes, paving the way for economical mid-infrared imagers. We characterized more than 70,000 functional pixels, which exhibit fast response times (<10 ms) and noise-equivalent irradiances below 10<sup>–5</sup> and 10<sup>–4</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup> at 2 and 3.4 μm wavelengths, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Broadband Wavelength Conversion in AlGaAsOI Nonlinear Nanowaveguides Using Low-Power Continuous-Wave Pump","authors":"Zhengshun Lei, Weiqiang Xie, Wenqi Wei, Zihao Wang, Ting Wang, Chao Xiang, Jianjun Zhang, Yikai Su","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02447","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing (FWM) is a key function for optical signal processing in photonic integrated systems. Although various integrated waveguide platforms have been proposed for on-chip wavelength converters, it remains a great challenge to realize efficient broadband wavelength conversion using a low-power pump due to the lack of sufficient nonlinear gain in waveguides. To address this challenge, we develop centimeter-scale long, low-loss, spiral nanowaveguides on a highly nonlinear AlGaAs-on-insulator (AlGaAsOI) platform. Through dedicated waveguide dispersion engineering, we demonstrate a broadband wavelength conversion with a 3-dB bandwidth over 130 nm at the telecom bands and a flat conversion efficiency over −10 dB in the whole band, using a single continuous-wave low-power pump of ∼18 dBm. A theoretical analysis not only shows excellent agreement with our experimental results but also reveals a viable route for further performance improvement by reducing the propagation loss and/or tailoring the dimension of waveguides. The demonstrated high-performance wavelength converters provide a practical solution for compact and power-efficient wavelength conversion in optical signal processing. Furthermore, our work highlights the great potential of highly nonlinear AlGaAsOI nanowaveguides in chip-scale <i>χ</i><sup>(3)</sup>-based nonlinear applications with ultrahigh performance.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charge State Transition of Spectrally Stabilized Tin-Vacancy Centers in Diamond","authors":"Keita Ikeda, Yiyang Chen, Peng Wang, Yoshiyuki Miyamoto, Takashi Taniguchi, Shinobu Onoda, Mutsuko Hatano, Takayuki Iwasaki","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02490","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state quantum emitters are important platforms for quantum information processing. The fabrication of the emitters with stable photon frequency and narrow line width is a fundamental issue, and it is essential to understand optical conditions under which the emitter keeps a bright charge state or transitions to a dark state. For these purposes, in this study, we investigate the spectral stability and charge state transition of tin-vacancy (SnV) centers in diamond. The photoluminescence excitation spectra of multiple SnV centers are basically stable over time with nearly transform-limited line widths under resonant excitation, while simultaneous irradiation of resonant and nonresonant lasers makes spectra from the SnV centers unstable. We find that the instability occurs due to the charge state transition to a dark state. The charge state transition rates are quantitatively investigated depending on the laser powers. Lastly, with first-principles calculations, we model the charge state transition of the SnV center under laser irradiation.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exciton–Polariton Valley Hall Effect in Monolayer Semiconductors on Plasmonic Metasurface","authors":"Chien-Ju Lee, Hsin-Che Pan, Fatemeh HadavandMirzaee, Li-Syuan Lu, Fei Cheng, Tsing-Hua Her, Chih-Kang Shih, Wen-Hao Chang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01554","url":null,"abstract":"Excitons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess the valley degree of freedom (DOF), which is regarded as a pseudospin (in addition to charge and spin DOF) and can be addressed optically by using polarized light. Incorporating monolayer TMDs into an optical microcavity in the strong coupling regime further enables the formation of valley polaritons that are half-light and half-matter quasiparticles with addressable spin and momentum through the spin–orbit interactions of light, in analogy with the spin-Hall effect in electronic systems. By placing monolayer TMDs on a plasmonic metasurface to enable strong coupling between excitons and surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), we report here the observation of valley resolved polaritons in momentum space and a large separation in real space. The directional coupling of valley polaritons originated from the intrinsic spin-momentum locking associated with SPPs, resembling a photonic version of the valley Hall effect for polaritons. The spatially routed valley polaritons provide a unique pathway for transporting and detecting the valley DOF through circular polarization of light for valleytronic applications.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS PhotonicsPub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02242
Jihoon Choi, Koray Aydin, Young Ki Hong, Heeso Noh
{"title":"Inversely Designed Compact 12-Channel Mode Decomposition Spectrometer for On-Chip Photonics","authors":"Jihoon Choi, Koray Aydin, Young Ki Hong, Heeso Noh","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02242","url":null,"abstract":"Through inverse design, we present and demonstrate a compact and high-resolution spectrometer for on-chip photonics based on mode decomposition. By employing the effective index method, we significantly reduce the computational resources required for optimization. In 3-dimensional simulations, the decomposition efficiency reaches up to 0.95. The spectrometer operates through mode mixing at varying ratios along wavelengths in the mode mixing region. The spectrum is reconstructed via the inverse calculation of the intensity ratios of the decomposed modes within the structure. Experimental validation is performed by fabricating the designed structure on a silicon-on-insulator platform by using electron beam lithography. The reconstructed spectrum achieves a resolution of 0.1 nm with high accuracy, evidenced by a normalized cross-correlation of 0.99. The entire structure is compact, measuring 10 × 34 μm<sup>2</sup>. This proposed design is advantageous due to its compactness, reduced computational cost, and straightforward fabrication process.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ACS PhotonicsPub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0246810.1021/acsphotonics.4c02468
Tengfei Wu, YoonSeok Baek, Fei Xia, Sylvain Gigan and Hilton B. de Aguiar*,
{"title":"Replica-Assisted Super-Resolution Fluorescence Imaging in Scattering Media","authors":"Tengfei Wu, YoonSeok Baek, Fei Xia, Sylvain Gigan and Hilton B. de Aguiar*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0246810.1021/acsphotonics.4c02468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02468https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c02468","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Far-field super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has been rapidly developed for applications ranging from cell biology to nanomaterials. However, it remains a significant challenge to achieve super-resolution imaging at depth in opaque materials. In this study, we present a super-resolution microscopy technique for imaging hidden fluorescent objects through scattering media, started by exploiting the inherent object replica generation arising from the memory effect, i.e., the seemingly informationless emission speckle can be regarded as a random superposition of multiple object copies. Inspired by the concept of super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging, we use temporally fluctuating speckles to excite fluorescence signals and perform high-order cumulant analysis on the fluctuation, which can not only improve the image resolution but also increase the speckle contrast to isolate only the bright object replicas. A super-resolved image can be finally retrieved by simply unmixing the sparsely distributed replicas with their location map. This methodology allows one to overcome scattering and achieve robust super-resolution fluorescence imaging, circumventing the need for heavy computational steps.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"12 3","pages":"1308–1315 1308–1315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}