ACS Photonics最新文献

{"title":"Dual-Wavelength Exciton-Polariton Condensation via Relaxation of Multiple Vibrational Quanta in Organic Microcavities","authors":"Liuqing Yang,&nbsp;Xuekai Ma,&nbsp;Teng Long,&nbsp;Han Huang,&nbsp;Jiahuan Ren,&nbsp;Chunling Gu,&nbsp;Cunbin An,&nbsp;Bo Liao,&nbsp;Hongbing Fu* and Qing Liao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0119510.1021/acsphotonics.4c01195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01195https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01195","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The relaxation of organic polaritons is a key aspect for understanding nonequilibrium bosonic condensation in organic microcavities. In this work, dual-branch vibrational quanta-assisted polariton condensation is experimentally observed in organic single-crystal-filled microcavities. By precisely modulating the thickness of the planar optical resonator, we can tune the ground states of two lower polariton branches to perfectly match the energies of two vibrational modes and consequently trigger polariton condensation in both branches. These condensates have nearly identical thresholds. Dynamical analysis indicates that efficient energy relaxation of the photogenerated excitons to the two vibrational modes through the nonradiation of two separately vibrational quanta enables polaritons to populate the ground states of these two lower polariton branches. Our work is evidence of the importance of the vibrational quanta relaxation mechanism for polariton condensation and provides a pathway for multicolor polariton condensation and future laser displays.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"11 11","pages":"4700–4706 4700–4706"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142671175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing Spectral-Hole-Burning in Non-Hermitian Scatterings: Differentiating Far-Field Interference and Near-Field Coupling","authors":"Wen-jie Zhou, Jingfeng Liu, Renming Liu, Juan-feng Zhu, Dmitrii Gromyko, Cheng-wei Qiu, Lin Wu","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01085","url":null,"abstract":"Scattering spectra from radiative non-Hermitian systems often exhibit intricate line shapes, where peaks typically garner the most attention for mode identification. However, in multimode systems, the valleys between these peaks may contain valuable information. This “coupling” feature arises from the nonorthogonality of modes in both far and near fields, giving rise to diverse and complex spectra-hole-burning (SHB) patterns. Traditionally, the interpretation of these SHBs has focused on Rabi splitting or Fano resonances, often concentrating solely on either far-field interference or near-field coupling. However, it is essential to recognize that both phenomena coexist in non-Hermitian scatterings. In this study, we develop a quantitative quantum model to probe scattering SHB by simultaneously extracting near-field coupling rates between system quasinormal modes, nonradiative decay rates into a heat reservoir, and radiative decay rates into a vacuum reservoir for far-field interference. We apply our model to illustrate the concept of geometric engineering in tuning the ratio of far-field interference and near-field coupling, exemplified by a silver dimer transitioning from cube-dimer to sphere-dimer or cube-dimer to nanocube-on-mirror configurations. Through this, we establish a universal design guideline for non-Hermitian scattering by creating a two-mode SHB library based on arbitrarily tunable far-field interference and near-field coupling. The developed model serves as a generalized diagnostic tool for probing the SHB mechanisms in all types of non-Hermitian scattering problems, promising to advance our understanding of intricate phenomena and facilitate the design of tailored optical devices with enhanced performance and functionality.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing Spectral-Hole-Burning in Non-Hermitian Scatterings: Differentiating Far-Field Interference and Near-Field Coupling","authors":"Wen-jie Zhou,&nbsp;Jingfeng Liu,&nbsp;Renming Liu,&nbsp;Juan-feng Zhu,&nbsp;Dmitrii Gromyko,&nbsp;Cheng-wei Qiu* and Lin Wu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0108510.1021/acsphotonics.4c01085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01085https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01085","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Scattering spectra from radiative non-Hermitian systems often exhibit intricate line shapes, where peaks typically garner the most attention for mode identification. However, in multimode systems, the valleys between these peaks may contain valuable information. This “coupling” feature arises from the nonorthogonality of modes in both far and near fields, giving rise to diverse and complex spectra-hole-burning (SHB) patterns. Traditionally, the interpretation of these SHBs has focused on Rabi splitting or Fano resonances, often concentrating solely on either far-field interference or near-field coupling. However, it is essential to recognize that both phenomena coexist in non-Hermitian scatterings. In this study, we develop a quantitative quantum model to probe scattering SHB by simultaneously extracting near-field coupling rates between system quasinormal modes, nonradiative decay rates into a heat reservoir, and radiative decay rates into a vacuum reservoir for far-field interference. We apply our model to illustrate the concept of geometric engineering in tuning the ratio of far-field interference and near-field coupling, exemplified by a silver dimer transitioning from cube-dimer to sphere-dimer or cube-dimer to nanocube-on-mirror configurations. Through this, we establish a universal design guideline for non-Hermitian scattering by creating a two-mode SHB library based on arbitrarily tunable far-field interference and near-field coupling. The developed model serves as a generalized diagnostic tool for probing the SHB mechanisms in all types of non-Hermitian scattering problems, promising to advance our understanding of intricate phenomena and facilitate the design of tailored optical devices with enhanced performance and functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"11 11","pages":"4671–4681 4671–4681"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142671255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving Balanced Energy Harvesting and Light Detection via Compositional Modulation with a High-LUMO-Level Nonfused-Ring Electron Acceptor","authors":"Min Soo Kim,&nbsp;Dou Luo,&nbsp;Byung Gi Kim,&nbsp;Woongsik Jang,&nbsp;Chengwei Shan,&nbsp;Aung Ko Ko Kyaw* and Dong Hwan Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0123210.1021/acsphotonics.4c01232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01232https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01232","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic photodetectors (OPDs) offer promising energy harvesting and photodetection capabilities. In this study, we newly designed and synthesized a novel nonfused-ring electron acceptor (NFREA) named “LK-2” with a high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of −3.61 eV. We aimed to enhance the energy harvesting performance in OPVs by improving the open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_OC) and light detecting ability by mitigating the dark currents in the OPDs. LK-2 was incorporated into the host photoactive material comprising PM6 donors and BTP-4F-12 acceptors using a ternary strategy that facilitated compositional modulation among the materials. The inclusion of LK-2 resulted in an improved <i>V</i>_OC of 0.84 V under 1-sun illumination and a significantly suppressed dark current density of 2.77 × 10^–10 A cm^–2 under a self-powered condition. The effective intermixing of LK-2 with PM6 and BTP-4F-12 facilitated a favorable thin-film morphology, contributing to enhanced device performance. Furthermore, LK-2 suppressed bimolecular recombination under low light intensities and reduced noise currents, resulting in a broad linear dynamic range even under reverse bias conditions. This study highlighted the potential of the newly developed NFREA for simultaneously enhancing the performance of both OPV and OPD devices, offering a balanced approach to realize energy harvesting and light detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"11 11","pages":"4739–4750 4739–4750"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142671326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving Balanced Energy Harvesting and Light Detection via Compositional Modulation with a High-LUMO-Level Nonfused-Ring Electron Acceptor","authors":"Min Soo Kim, Dou Luo, Byung Gi Kim, Woongsik Jang, Chengwei Shan, Aung Ko Ko Kyaw, Dong Hwan Wang","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01232","url":null,"abstract":"Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and organic photodetectors (OPDs) offer promising energy harvesting and photodetection capabilities. In this study, we newly designed and synthesized a novel nonfused-ring electron acceptor (NFREA) named “LK-2” with a high lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of −3.61 eV. We aimed to enhance the energy harvesting performance in OPVs by improving the open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i>_OC) and light detecting ability by mitigating the dark currents in the OPDs. LK-2 was incorporated into the host photoactive material comprising PM6 donors and BTP-4F-12 acceptors using a ternary strategy that facilitated compositional modulation among the materials. The inclusion of LK-2 resulted in an improved <i>V</i>_OC of 0.84 V under 1-sun illumination and a significantly suppressed dark current density of 2.77 × 10^–10 A cm^–2 under a self-powered condition. The effective intermixing of LK-2 with PM6 and BTP-4F-12 facilitated a favorable thin-film morphology, contributing to enhanced device performance. Furthermore, LK-2 suppressed bimolecular recombination under low light intensities and reduced noise currents, resulting in a broad linear dynamic range even under reverse bias conditions. This study highlighted the potential of the newly developed NFREA for simultaneously enhancing the performance of both OPV and OPD devices, offering a balanced approach to realize energy harvesting and light detection.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"143 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation in a Monolayer Tungsten Diselenide Integrated Silicon Nitride Nanocavity","authors":"Hannah Rarick, Abhinav Kala, Sinabu Pumulo, Arnab Manna, David Sharp, Christopher Munley, Xiaodong Xu, Arka Majumdar","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01029","url":null,"abstract":"Observations of nonlinear optical phenomena are greatly hindered by the large optical power requirements. Nanophotonic cavities can drastically reduce the required optical powers thanks to the strong spatial and temporal confinement of light. Furthermore, two-dimensional atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides boast high nonlinear optical coefficients and are promising candidates for hybrid nanophotonics due to their ease of integration and compatibility with many substrates without requiring explicit lattice matching. Here, we demonstrate cavity enhanced second harmonic generation in a monolayer tungsten diselenide integrated silicon nitride nanocavity. With a fundamental frequency close to the excitonic resonance and a large second order susceptibility at wavelengths near 800 nm, we observed a cavity enhancement of more than 3 orders of magnitude of second harmonic generation compared to bare monolayer.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation in a Monolayer Tungsten Diselenide Integrated Silicon Nitride Nanocavity","authors":"Hannah Rarick,&nbsp;Abhinav Kala,&nbsp;Sinabu Pumulo,&nbsp;Arnab Manna,&nbsp;David Sharp,&nbsp;Christopher Munley,&nbsp;Xiaodong Xu and Arka Majumdar*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0102910.1021/acsphotonics.4c01029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01029https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01029","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Observations of nonlinear optical phenomena are greatly hindered by the large optical power requirements. Nanophotonic cavities can drastically reduce the required optical powers thanks to the strong spatial and temporal confinement of light. Furthermore, two-dimensional atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides boast high nonlinear optical coefficients and are promising candidates for hybrid nanophotonics due to their ease of integration and compatibility with many substrates without requiring explicit lattice matching. Here, we demonstrate cavity enhanced second harmonic generation in a monolayer tungsten diselenide integrated silicon nitride nanocavity. With a fundamental frequency close to the excitonic resonance and a large second order susceptibility at wavelengths near 800 nm, we observed a cavity enhancement of more than 3 orders of magnitude of second harmonic generation compared to bare monolayer.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"11 11","pages":"4635–4641 4635–4641"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142671229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metasurface-Based Spatial Hilbert Transformer on an SOI Platform","authors":"Yuhan Ma,&nbsp;Qiaoling Zhou,&nbsp;Shaonan Zheng,&nbsp;Yuan Dong,&nbsp;Yang Qiu,&nbsp;Xingyan Zhao,&nbsp;Ping Yu,&nbsp;Qize Zhong* and Ting Hu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0135510.1021/acsphotonics.4c01355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01355https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01355","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Hilbert transform operation in the optical domain plays an important role in optical signal processing and computing. Optical Hilbert transformers based on conventional lenses in free space face limitations such as bulky sizes, complicated structures, and alignment errors. Metasurfaces composed of nanoscale meta-atoms are able to precisely control the optical wavefront on a subwavelength scale, providing an alternative solution of functional optical components with compact sizes. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an in-plane metasurface-based spatial Hilbert transformer that can overcome the aforementioned limitations in conventional optical Hilbert transformers. The device consists of three cascaded in-plane metasurfaces based on an optical 4f system, wherein two identical metalenses serve as Fourier transformers, and the other one serves as the convolution kernel inserted between the metalenses. The fabricated device performs an accurate Hilbert transform on the input signal and achieves a coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>²) of 0.94 between the theoretical and experimental results. This work provides a potential approach for realizing high-performance optical analog computation with in-plane metasurfaces on a silicon-on-insulator platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"11 11","pages":"4830–4837 4830–4837"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142671188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Nature of Lasing Emission from Hybrid Silicon Nitride and Colloidal Nanocrystal Photonic Crystals with Low Refractive Index Contrast","authors":"Ivo Tanghe*,&nbsp;Tom Vandekerckhove,&nbsp;Margarita Samoli,&nbsp;Amelia Waters,&nbsp;Dulanjan Harankahage,&nbsp;Mikhail Zamkov,&nbsp;Zeger Hens,&nbsp;Christian Seassal,&nbsp;Hai-Son Nguyen,&nbsp;Dries Van Thourhout and Pieter Geiregat*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c0141010.1021/acsphotonics.4c01410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01410https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c01410","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Silicon nitride is used for its low optical loss and high thermal stability, making it a suitable platform for visible-light applications in integrated photonic devices. However, its application has been limited due to inefficient light emission, a problem addressed by integrating various types of light emitters onto the platform. In particular, the integration of solution-processable colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) as optical gain materials onto the silicon nitride platform is a promising route but requires a more solid theoretical footing. By leveraging 2D surface-emitting photonic crystal structures combined with NCs, we effectively confine and manipulate light to achieve lasing from green to red. Building on this, we model the light–matter interactions of the low index contrast NC/nitride platform, validated by extensive experimental validations through Fourier imaging techniques, revealing the full photonic band structure and showing clear mode congestion. These comprehensive studies confirm the potential of hybrid NC-based structures for fully integrated on-chip laser applications and indicate routes for further improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"11 11","pages":"4906–4915 4906–4915"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142671144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual Optical, Electric, and Magnetic Behaviors of OLEDs due to Exothermic/Endothermic Dexter-Energy-Transfer and Fusion Channels of Hot/Cold Triplet Excitons","authors":"Yuting Wu, Jingjing Wang, Jing Chen, Huiyao Wang, Song Yang, Hong Lu, Junhong Liu, Bo Wang, Teng Peng, Jun Yang, Yingqiong Zhou, Keyi Zhang, Zuo Li, Yingfei Yi, Lihong Cheng, Sijie Zhang, Tian Yu, Hongqiang Zhu, Zuhong Xiong","doi":"10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00809","url":null,"abstract":"Hot-exciton-based organic light-emitting diodes (HE-OLEDs) have aroused more attention due to their advantages of low cost, high efficiency, and negligible efficiency roll-off. However, their physical behaviors need further investigation because of the evolution diversity of excited states existing in HE-OLEDs. Herein, we employ the two frequently used hosts tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq₃) and 4,4′-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-dicarbazolebiphenyl (CBP) and the hot-exciton emissive guests rubrene (Rb) and its derivative 2,8-di-<i>tert</i>-butyl-5,11-bis(4-<i>tert</i>-butylphenyl)-6,12-diphenyltetracene (TBRb) to make four HE-OLEDs and use well-known fingerprint magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) curves to probe their microscopic dynamic processes. Interestingly, we find abundant optical, electric, and magnetic behaviors of HE-OLEDs due to exothermic and endothermic Dexter-energy-transfer (DET) and triplet fusion (TF) channels of hot/cold excitons. Specifically, for the case of different bias currents at room temperature, both the low-field MEL curves of Rb- and TBRb-doped Alq₃-based OLEDs show a normal intersystem crossing (ISC) of polaron pairs, but those of Rb- and TBRb-doped CBP-based OLEDs present a conversion from a high-level reverse ISC (HL-RISC, S₁ ← T₂) to an ISC and a normal HL-RISC, respectively, which weakens with an elevated bias current. Moreover, both the high-field MEL curves of Rb- and TBRb-doped Alq₃-based (CBP-based) OLEDs show a normal T₁F (T₂F) of cold (hot) triplet excitons, which strengthens with elevated bias currents. For the case of constant bias currents at variable temperatures, both the low-field MEL curves of Rb- and TBRb-doped Alq₃-based OLEDs show an abnormal ISC, which rises with a reducing temperature, but those of Rb- and TBRb-doped CBP-based OLEDs depict a conversion from an ISC to a HL-RISC and a normal HL-RISC, respectively, which intensifies with a decreasing temperature. In addition, the high-field MEL curves of Rb- and TBRb-doped Alq₃-based OLEDs separately show a normal and an abnormal T₁F, but those of both of Rb- and TBRb-doped CBP-based OLEDs exhibit a normal T₂F, which strengthens with a reducing temperature. Furthermore, the quantum efficiency of Rb- and TBRb-doped Alq₃-based OLEDs separately show nonmonotonically and monotonically decreased tendencies, but both Rb- and TBRb-doped CBP-based OLEDs show monotonically increased tendencies with a decreasing temperature. Surprisingly, all of the above enriched physical behaviors can be reasonably interpreted within the frames of excited state dynamics that DET from host cold T_1,Alq3 (T_1,CBP) to guest hot T₂ is an endothermic (exothermic) process and T₁F in Rb (TBRb) is an exothermic (endothermic) process, but T₂F in both Rb and TBRb is exothermic.","PeriodicalId":23,"journal":{"name":"ACS Photonics","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}